新疆山区低层云水资源时空分布特征

采用云与地球辐射能量系统(CERES)2003～2007年的CERESSSF Aqua MODIS云资料,选取新疆阿尔泰山、天山和昆仑山三大山区,通过考察云量和云液态水柱含量分析了低层云水资源的多年空间分布和季节变化特征。结果表明,三大山区多年平均的云量年平均区域值在24.4%～27.5%之间,云液态水柱含量在51～56.3g/m2之间。三大山区低层云量和云液态水柱含量有明显的季节变化特征。综合云量和云水柱含量来看,春季是三大山区低层云量资源最丰富的季节,冬季是三大山区低层云中的含水量最丰富的季节。     

江西暴雨过程气象服务减灾效益评估模型及应用

文中利用逆推法和属性层次模型建立暴雨过程防灾减灾服务效益评估模型,根据已有研究和暴雨气象服务防灾减灾经验,通过规范暴雨天气过程的气象服务水平以及政府防灾减灾决策和组织水平的评估指标,实现了暴雨气象服务防灾减灾效益评估的客观化和定量化。并利用该模型对2020年7月6—10日江西连续暴雨过程进行了服务效益评估的应用。     

低熟油、烃源岩中含氮化合物分布规律及其地球化学意义

对八面河地区原油、油砂以及不同成熟度和岩性有异的烃源岩中吡咯类化俣物的分布特征及其潜在的地球化学意义进行了探讨。结果表明，随着成熟度的增加，八面河地区烃源岩中吡咯类化合物中屏蔽化程度高的异构体比屏蔽化程度低的异构体富集，咔唑及苯并咔唑系列中低相对分子质量的同系物比高相对分子质量的同系物富集，苯并[a]咔唑比苯并[c]咔唑富集。八面河地区原油中吡咯类化合物有较为明显的运移分馏效应，观察到高、低相对分子质量的同系物间的运移分馏效应比不同类型异构体间的分馏效应更为显著，而前者受成熟度的影响可能相对小于后者；发现吡咯类化合物的油气运移分馏效应不仅体现于不同氮官能团屏蔽、半屏蔽和暴露三类异构体间，同样体现于同一类型的同分导师构体之间，指示此类化合物有较强的活性。吡咯类化俣物与烃类化合物一样具有多方面潜在的地球化学意义。     

湖南省地质遗迹区划研究

在湖南省地质遗迹调查基础上,首次较系统地开展湖南省地质遗迹区划研究。根据地质遗迹分布规律及其地质地貌背景的空间差异,湖南省地质遗迹区划为3个等级层次,即6个大区、17个分区和40个小区。     

中国地面月气候资料质量控制方法的研究

由于气象台站信息变化以及观测规范的频繁变动, 使中国地面气象资料序列比较复杂。该文在分析中国地面历史气象资料中可能存在的非均一性和错误性、研究月气候资料序列存在的可能分布状态的基础上, 提出了中国地面月气候资料质量控制技术。通过分析认为, 中国地面月气候资料的质量控制, 应把下列3种方式结合起来, 进行综合质量检测:①把12个月的气候资料序列联合起来, 进行长时间连续性错误资料检测; ②把时间序列变换为接近正态分布的均一序列后, 进行时间域和空间域的奇异值检测; ③对检测出的连续性可疑资料和单个数据点的奇异值进行人工分析辨别。利用上述质量控制方法, 对1971—2000年中国地面700多基准基本站月统计气候资料进行了质量检查, 最后介绍了质量检查结果。     

The aerosol radiative effect on a severe haze episode in the Yangtze River Delta

Due to increased aerosol emissions and unfavorable weather conditions, severe haze events have occurred frequently in China in the last 10 years. In addition, the interaction between the boundary layer and the aerosol radiative effect may be another important factor in haze formation. To better understand the effect of this interaction, the aerosol radiative effect on a severe haze episode that took place in December 2013 was investigated by using two WRF-Chem model simulations with different aerosol configurations. The results showed that the maximal reduction of regional average surface shortwave radiation, latent heat, and sensible heat during this event were 88, 12, and 37 W m^–2, respectively. The planetary boundary layer height, daytime temperature, and wind speed dropped by 276 m, 1°C, and 0.33 m s^–1, respectively. The ventilation coefficient dropped by 8%–24% for in the central and northwestern Yangtze River Delta (YRD). The upper level of the atmosphere was warmed and the lower level was cooled, which stabilized the stratification. In a word, the dispersion ability of the atmosphere was weakened due to the aerosol radiative feedback. Additional results showed that the PM_2.5 concentration in the central and northwestern YRD increased by 6–18 μg m^–3, which is less than 15% of the average PM_2.5 concentration during the severely polluted period in this area. The vertical profile showed that the PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations increased below 950 hPa, with a maximum increase of 7 and 8 μg m^–3, respectively. Concentrations reduced between 950 and 800 hPa, however, with a maximum reduction of 3.5 and 4.5 μg m^–3, respectively. Generally, the aerosol radiative effect aggravated the level of pollution, but the effect was limited, and this haze event was mainly caused by the stagnant meteorological conditions. The interaction between the boundary layer and the aerosol radiative effect may have been less important than the large-scale static weather conditions for the formation of this haze episode.     

基于Clipmap的全球多分辨率地形可视化技术

利用Clipmap技术实现了全球多分辨率地形环境仿真系统。在此基础上通过对地形绘制中的视场范围、简化原则、多线程调度和裂缝消除几个重点问题进行研究和解决,提高了系统的工作效率和显示效果。最后,对Clipmap层数的使用进行了对比测试,提出了相对合理的使用方案,平衡了系统中渲染速度和视觉效果的矛盾。     

Study of 3D Geological Modeling Based on Aeromagnetic Data

With the increasing difficulty of finding the shallow surface deposit and the increasing depth of resources exploration, three-dimensional modeling technology is more apparent in deep prospecting, and its accuracy directly determines the cognitive degree of geological body and metallogenic condition. For this, we put forward a set of the extraction technology of abnormal information combined with aeromagnetic data processing with three-dimensional geological modeling. Inversing the selected profile of the study area and obtaining each profile geological model, we built three-dimensional geological model of geological units by the method of profile linked, using undulating terrain three-dimensional block magnetic field forward techniques to model the three-dimensional geological model of the whole area, and obtained the forward modeling results of the whole three-dimensional geological model and the geological unit. After the comparative analysis with the test result, adding reasonable geological constraints and revising model, through adjusting for many times, we made the model maximum close to the actual situation. The model can well reflect the geological information and make minimum fitting error of observations and theoretical field, with which geologists can use the most of their experience and get more regional geological understanding. Using the thought of main block and secondary block to subdivision modeling of geological body, on the condition of ensuring the accuracy of model, the number of the total model block decreased and the multi-window and multi-geological body parallel computing method were used to improve the modeling speed, effectively solve the limitation problem of the model complexity in the process of the three-dimensional inversion modeling method, and easily form complex and different sizes three-dimensional geological model. We applied this method to the Hubei Daye area, constructed the three-dimensional geological model of Daye Iron Mine, and verified the feasibility and rationality of this method.     

福山凹陷白莲流二段储层分类方法

福山凹陷白莲地区流二段砂岩储层具有埋藏深、砾石发育、孔隙结构复杂等特点,测井难以准确评价该区储层的有效性。针对这一问题,首先通过分析岩心实验资料,明确了影响该地区储层孔隙结构的主要因素为骨架颗粒接触性质,即喉道性质;其次在此研究基础上,开展了基于压汞实验数据表征储层有效性方法研究,根据反映岩石孔喉的参数（最大半径、平均半径、中值半径、分选系数）和岩石孔隙度构建了表征储层渗流和储集流体能力的综合性指数,并结合试油资料建立了该地区储层分类标准;最后利用回归分析的方法刻度常规测井数据,实现了利用常规测井数据进行储层有效性的评价,并应用在实际生产中,测井解释符合率由原来的72%提高到80%。     

Estimation of medium effects on equilibrium constants in moderate and high ionic strength solutions at elevated temperatures by using specific interaction theory (SIT): Interaction coefficients involving Cl, OH- and Ac- up to 200°C and 400 bars

In this study, a series of interaction coefficients of the Brønsted-Guggenheim-Scatchard specific interaction theory (SIT) have been estimated up to 200°C and 400 bars. The interaction coefficients involving Cl^- estimated include ε(H⁺, Cl^-), ε(Na⁺, Cl^-), ε(Ag⁺, Cl^-), ε(Na⁺, AgCl₂ ^-), ε(Mg²⁺, Cl^-), ε(Ca²⁺, Cl^-), ε(Sr²⁺, Cl^-), ε(Ba²⁺, Cl^-), ε(Sm³⁺, Cl^-), ε(Eu³⁺, Cl^-), ε(Gd³⁺, Cl^-), and ε(GdAc²⁺, Cl^-). The interaction coefficients involving OH^- estimated include ε(Li⁺, OH^-), ε(K⁺, OH^-), ε(Na⁺, OH^-), ε(Cs⁺, OH^-), ε(Sr²⁺, OH^-), and ε(Ba²⁺, OH^-). In addition, the interaction coefficients of ε(Na⁺, Ac^-) and ε(Ca²⁺, Ac^-) have also been estimated. The bulk of interaction coefficients presented in this study has been evaluated from the mean activity coefficients. A few of them have been estimated from the potentiometric and solubility studies. The above interaction coefficients are tested against both experimental mean activity coefficients and equilibrium quotients. Predicted mean activity coefficients are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Predicted equilibrium quotients are in very good agreement with experimental values. Based upon its relatively rapid attainment of equilibrium and the ease of determining magnesium concentrations, this study also proposes that the solubility of brucite can be used as a pH (pcH) buffer/sensor for experimental systems in NaCl solutions up to 200°C by employing the predicted solubility quotients of brucite in conjunction with the dissociation quotients of water and the first hydrolysis quotients of Mg²⁺, all in NaCl solutions.