Co-seismic ground deformation and source parameters of Mani M7.9 earthquake inferred from spaceborne D-InSAR observation data

In recent ten years, Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) has become a major technique of space-based geodesy together with GPS, VLBI and SLR. Interferometric Synthetic Aper-ture Radar (InSAR) has many advantages, such as all-weather, all-time, strong stability and dynamic survey property, and no requirements for ground sta-tions. In particular, the surveying results by InSAR can cover a large range of the ground deformation field in succession and has gr…     

曲线顶管技术及顶进力分析计算

曲线顶管施工技术以其特有的优势和应用领域,越来越受到重视。总结了国际上常用的曲线顶管施工技术,分别以SS MOLE和Ultimate Method两种具有代表性的工法为例介绍了曲线顶管技术的地层适应性、适用管道直径、应用领域和所能达到的最小曲率半径。对曲线顶管施工中顶进力计算这一重点和难点,给出了曲线顶管顶推力计算公式,并举例说明了曲线段顶推力计算公式的实际应用。     

海洋测绘国际标准S-100的空间模式

S-100——《通用海洋测绘数据模型》是IHO颁布的海洋测绘最新国际标准,其中的空间模式是描述几何类型及其相互关系的框架,在描述、存储、应用海洋测绘地理空间数据方面起着基础和关键性作用。从拓扑学的角度对S-100空间模式的几何构造理论进行了总结,对几何类型的基本框架、继承关系、用途和构造方法进行了分析,将其与现行国内外标准的空间模式进行了对比,进而得出它具有数学严密性、灵活性和可扩展性等优点,同时也发现了一个类型继承错误以及无法描述线群和面群的不足。     

中国海岛县(区)旅游业转型发展问题研究

我国海岛县(区)旅游业起步较晚,发展迅速,众多海岛已成为知名的区域性旅游目的地,但总体仍处于粗放的资源驱动型发展阶段,产业综合素质较低,持续发展能力不足,迫切需要转型升级。旅游业转型发展要立足于海岛县(区)地域经济体、自然综合体和社会综合体的特殊属性,倡导生态旅游,发挥地方政府的宏观主导作用,落实战略性主导产业定位,以生态环境的承载力为基础,动员和整合各方面的资源,构建系统经济发展模式,发挥旅游业在增强经济活力、保护资源环境、促进社会进步等方面的作用,使之成为海岛县(区)可持续发展的重要支撑力量。     

基于GIS的徐州市乡村聚落空间适宜性分析

以徐州地区SPOT与TM融合遥感影像为主要数据源,选用了自然、环境和社会人文3个方面的10个影响因子,借助ArcGIS软件的空间分析技术,采用取最小值法对乡村聚落空间分布的适宜性进行评价。在研究区的乡村聚落总面积中,高度适宜、中度适宜、低度适宜、临界适宜和不适宜的乡村聚落面积分别占10.94%,42.35%,21.52%,18.13%,7.06%,表明徐州地区的乡村聚落适宜性总体上较高。乡村聚落空间适宜性与其密度分布之间呈现出较强的正相关。最后,结合实际情况对不同适宜性的乡村聚落提出了相应的优化调控措施。     

巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊与地下水的补给来源及化学组成(英文)

Based on the analysis of ion chemical composition of lake water and shallow groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert, this paper discussed the characteristics of ion chemical composition, spatial variation of lake water, and possible supply sources of lake water and groundwater in the desert areas. The results show that the pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity of the lake water are greater than those of groundwater. The ion con-tents of water samples are dominated by Na+ and Cl?. Most of the higher salinity lakes are Na (K)-Cl-(SO4) type, and a few of low salinity lakes belong to the Na-(Mg)-(Ca)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) type. Most of the groundwater is Na-(Ca)-(Mg)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) type, attributed to subsaline lake, and only a few present the Na-Cl-SO4 type, flowing under saline lake. The pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity in the southeastern lakes are relatively low, and there are slightly alkaline lakes. The pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity in the northern lakes are much greater than those of the southeastern lakes, and the northern lakes are moderately alkaline and saline ones. In the southeastern part of the Badain Jaran Desert, the ion chemical characteristics of the lake water from south to north show a changing trend of sub-saline →saline→hypersaline. The changing trend of chemical compositions of ions in recent 9 years indicates that most of the ion contents have a shade of reduction in Boritaolegai, Badain, Nuoertu and Huhejilin lakes, which state clearly that the amount of fresh water supply is increasing in the 9-year period. The ion chemical composition of the lake water reveals that the flow direction of lake water is from southeast to northwest in the Badain Jaran Desert. The ion chemical composition, moisture content of sand layer water level height and hierarchical cluster analysis of the lake water and groundwater demonstrate that the lake water is mainly supplied by local rainfall and infiltration of precipitation in Yabulai Mountains and Heishantou Mountain, and the supply from the Qilian Mountains is almost impossible.     

近半个世纪来气候变暖背景下黄河流域潜在蒸散量的变化(英文)

According to the meteorological observation data of 72 stations from 1960 to 2010 in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Watershed, China, the long-term variations of potential evapotranspiration, calculated in the modified Penman-Monteith model of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, were presented, as well as the meteorological causes for the decrease of potential evapotranspiration were discussed. Since 1960, temperature has risen significantly and potential evapotranspiration a decreasing trend, which indicated the existence of "Evaporation paradox" in the Huanghe River Watershed. This phenomenon was not consistent spatially or temporally with the increase of temperature, potential evapotranspiration decreased in spring, summer and winter, mainly over most parts of Shanxi and Henan, and some parts of Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi. During the recent half century, the trends of temperature and potential evapotranspiration were negatively correlated at most of the stations, while precipitation and potential evapotranspiration exhibited a contrary trend. Calculated in multiple regressions, the contribution to potential evapotranspiration change of related meteorological factors was discussed, including mean pressure, maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity and average wind speed. The decrease of wind speed in the Huanghe River Watershed may be the dominating factor causing potential evapotranspiration decreasing.     

国外脆弱性理论模型与评估框架研究评述

目前,脆弱性研究作为一种新的研究范式已经在多学科领域中得到了广泛应用,并取得了丰硕成果.但随着研究的深入,学者们发现,由于学科背景及研究视角的差异性,不同研究领域之间存在着结论不兼容和工作重复等问题,迫切需要一个可行的理论模型与评估框架来整合其理论和实践的研究.在对脆弱性概念内涵的发展演变过程分析的基础上,对国外多学科领域中的脆弱性理论模型及评估框架进行了对比研究和评述.研究发现:脆弱性概念的泛化是制约通用脆弱性理论模型与评估框架的关键因素,结合未来脆弱性研究的发展方向,对整合的脆弱性理论模型与评估框架提出了4个方面的要求,即多时空尺度特征、多重扰动特征、耦合系统特征和人文特征.     

Observed Impact of the South Asian Summer Monsoon on the Local Meteorology in the Himalayas

The South Asian summer monsoon(SASM) is the most important climate system in Asia.Using observational data from the HEST2006(Himalayan Exchange between the Surface and Troposphere 2006) campaign and large-scale grid data,this paper analyzed the SASM impact on local meteorological parameters including radiation,temperature,humidity,and wind in the Himalayas.The SASM experienced one active and one break period during the HEST2006 campaign.The local meteorological parameters exhibit great differences between the active period and the break period of the SASM.The radiation fluxes are greater in the break period than in the active period.The air temperature and specific humidity are lower,but soil temperature and wind speed are higher in the break period than in the active period.Further analysis indicates that the SASM greatly affects the meteorological features of the Himalayan region.     

2010年长江三角洲临安本底站PM2.5理化特征

2010年在代表长三角区域背景地区的浙江省临安区域大气本底站开展了对大气细粒子PM_2.5为期1年的地面观测,并对细粒子中水溶性离子和碳组分的季节变化特征进行了分析。临安2010年大气中PM_2.5质量浓度平均为 (58.2±50.8) μg·m－3,PM_2.5质量浓度季节变化明显。利用HYSPLIT4模式计算了2010年临安72 h后向轨迹,根据轨迹计算与聚类结果,结合地面观测的PM_2.5数据进行了分析。研究表明:临安地区因受到长江三角洲区域及偏北气流引起的污染传输影响,呈现出高细粒子水平特征。PM_2.5中总水溶性离子年平均质量浓度为 (28.5±17.7) μg·m－3,占PM_2.5质量浓度的47%。其中,气溶胶组分SO₄2-,NO₃-和NH₄+所占比例最大,共占总水溶性离子的69%。PM_2.5中有机碳和元素碳的年平均质量浓度分别为 (10.1±6.7) μg·m－3和 (2.4±1.8) μg·m－3。有机碳和元素碳质量浓度显著相关,表明有机碳和元素碳主要来自相同的排放源。