Diopside and Magnetite Exsolutions in Olivine from Lower Cr# Dunite in the Dongbo Ophiolite, Southern Tibet

<正>Diopside and magnetite exsolutions occur as oriented intergrowths within olivine of the lower Cr~#dunite in the Dongbo ophiolite,Tibet.The fresh lower Cr~#dunite has a mineral assemblage of olivine,spinel and diopside.The Fo content of its olivine is 90–92,which is lower than that of the higher Cr~#dunite lenses(Fo92-Fo94)without     

磨西-田湾剪切带氡异常及其对金矿化的指示

测氡方法是寻找深部隐伏矿的一种放射性地球物理方法.在川西田湾大发沟矿床,由于金矿化严格受剪切带和辉绿岩脉控制,且剪切带与辉绿岩脉密切伴生,因此,应用测氡方法寻找剪切带和辉绿岩脉可以达到间接找金矿的目的.     

Varying water utilization of Haloxylon ammodendron plantations in a desert‐oasis ecotone

Haloxylon ammodendron is a desert shrub used extensively in China for restoring degraded dry lands. An understanding of the water source used by H. ammodendron plantations is critical achieving sustainable vegetation restoration. We measured mortality, shoot size, and rooting depth in 5‐, 10‐, 20‐, and 40‐year‐old H. ammodendron plantations. We examined stable isotopic ratios of oxygen (δ¹⁸O) in precipitation, groundwater, and soil water in different soil layers and seasons, and in plant stem water to determine water sources at different shrub ages. We found that water acquisition patterns in H. ammodendron plantations differed with plantation age and season. Thus, the main water source for 5‐year‐old shrubs was shallow soil water. Water sources of 10‐year‐old shrubs shifted depending on the soil water conditions during the season. Although their tap roots could absorb deep soil water, the plantation main water sources were from soil water, and about 50% of water originated from shallow and mid soil. This pattern might occur because main water sources in these plantations were changeable over time. The 20‐ and 40‐year‐old shrubs acquired water mainly from permanent groundwater. We conclude that the main water source of a young H. ammodendron plantation was soil water recharged by precipitation. However, when roots reached sufficient depth, water originated mainly from the deep soil water, especially in the dry season. The deeply rooted 20‐ and 40‐year‐old shrubs have the ability to exploit a deep and reliable water source. To achieve sustainability in these plantations, we recommend a reduction in the initial density of H. ammodendron in the desert‐oasis ecotone to decelerate the consumption of shallow soil water during plantation establishment.     

我国早期后生动物群的特异埋藏机理探讨

通过对早期后生动物群产出层位的沉积特征、沉积层序和化石埋藏特征的研究,认为在海湾和局限海环境,早期后生动物群往往产于海侵体系中,而陆棚环境则保存在低水位体系;同时提出了两种早期后生动物群埋藏保存机理,一种是沉积事件（风暴流或浊流）破坏了生物生态环境,使生活在正常环境中的生物大量死亡,并被快速埋藏保存;另一种是海平面脉动引起环境变化,使早期后生动物死亡,在还原环境下埋藏保存。因此,认为海平面变化与早期后生动物群的埋藏保存有着密切关系。在提出两种早期后生动物群特异埋藏机理的基础上,并认为由前寒武纪至寒武纪,只要沉积环境、沉积序列类似,就有可能发现早期后生动物群,这对寻找新的早期后生动物群具有重要的指导意义。     

湖北永兴洞降水对2015年厄尔尼诺的响应

通过对湖北永兴洞为期3年（2013年6月至2016年7月）的地表降水δ¹⁸O观测,发现该地点降水δ¹⁸O在2015夏季显著偏正。利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹方法对永兴洞降水水汽来源进行分析,结果表明在厄尔尼诺事件的影响下2015年夏季来自远源印度洋的水汽显著减少,而近源太平洋水汽相对增多,即降水δ¹⁸O因"环流效应"而偏正。本研究提供的观测证据表明永兴洞石笋δ¹⁸O记录在重建ENSO主导下的亚洲季风大气环流方面具有重要潜力。

     

黄土剖面中赤铁矿和针铁矿的定量分析与气候干湿变化研究

为了了解黄土剖面中赤铁矿和针铁矿的分布特征,文章采用对铁氧化物矿物灵敏的漫反射光谱法(DRS),开展了赤铁矿和针铁矿的鉴定和测定研究,提出了定量分析赤铁矿和针铁矿含量的DRS新方法.选择天然典型黄土和古土壤样品,首先采用柠檬酸盐-重碳酸盐-连二亚硫酸盐(CBD)方法去除其中成壤成因的铁氧化物矿物,以其为基体配制含不同赤铁矿和针铁矿的系列标样,然后进行DRS测试和多元逐步回归分析,分别建立测定赤铁矿和针铁矿含量的校准方程并加以检验.利用DRS方法,分析了多个黄土剖面的赤铁矿和针铁矿含量,发现黄土-古土壤剖面的赤铁矿/针铁矿比值可作为东亚季风干/湿变化的敏感指标.该比值较高时反映了干燥土壤环境,而较低时指示了潮湿土壤环境.对灵台和洛川剖面中赤铁矿/针铁矿比值的分析,初步揭示了2.6Ma年以来黄土高原东亚季风阶段性变强的特征.     

A double-differenced cycle slip detection and repair method for GNSS CORS network

The difficulty to detect and repair cycle slip of carrier phase measurements is a key limit for continuously high accuracy of GNSS positioning and navigation services. We propose an automated cycle slip detection and repair method for data preprocessing of a CORS network. The method jointly uses double-differenced (DD) geometry-free (GF) combination and ionospheric-free observation corrected for the computed geometrical distance (IF-OMC) to estimate the cycle slips in dual-frequency observations. The DD GF combination, which is only affected by the ionospheric residual, can be used to detect cycle slips with high reliability except for special pairs such as (77, 60) on GPS L1/L2 frequencies. The detection principle of the IF-OMC observable is such that there is a large discontinuity related to the previous epoch when cycle slips occur at the present epoch. The disadvantages of these two combinations can be overcome employing the proposed detection method. The cycle slip pair (77, 60) has no effect on the GF combination, while a change of 14.65 m is derived from GPS L1/L2 observations using the IF-OMC algorithm. Using pre-determined station coordinates as precise values, we found that the accuracy of the DD IF-OMC combination was 18 mm for a 200-km CORS baseline. Therefore, cycle slips in dual-frequency observations can be correctly and uniquely determined using DD GF and IF-OMC equations. The proposed method was verified by adding simulated cycle slips in observations collected from the CORS network under a quiet ionosphere and shown to be effective. Moreover, the method was assessed with observations made during intense ionospheric activity, which generated extensive cycle slips. The results show that the algorithm can detect and repair all cycle slips apart from two exceptions relating to long data gaps.     

DYYZ-Ⅱ型自动气象站测温故障排除方法与思路

文章通过DYYZ-Ⅱ型自动气象站出现的一次气温、地温数据缺测故障,分析了DYYZ-Ⅱ型自动气象站出现测温故障时的故障排除过程与排除思路,为保障技术人员在处理此类故障时提供了方法和依据。     

基于高光谱图像稀疏表示的彩色可视化模型(英文)

提出一种对整幅高光谱图像的稀疏表示结果进行直接显示的方法,图中不仅包含了稀疏表示中保留的光谱信息,还可显示整幅图像的空间信息。稀疏表示后,将字典中的各有效原子根据光谱特性选择颜色标签,之后根据稀疏系数进行混合颜色显示,此时的图像能够同时满足可分性及距离保持特性。针对局部地物时,提出的单像素混合阵列表示法及改进的裂片纹理技术能够直观且完整的显示出每个像元的具体组成情况,还能够根据所生成图像中的信息对原始HSI进行重建,进而提高数据的利用率。该模型不仅能够良好地显示地物的空间特性,同时能够显示稀疏系数的组成,同时单像素混合阵列表示法及裂片纹理技术弥补了混合像素彩色显示中颜色表达混乱的弊端。对真实地物数据进行实验,结果证明该模型产生的彩色图像具有良好的视觉效果及可分性,满足距离保持特性。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the D.P.R. Korean Seismic Event on September 23, 2017

A M3. 4 seismic event occurred in the Punggye-ri nuclear test site,D. P. R Korea at 16∶29 p.m. on September 23,2017. We analyzed the waveforms of this event recorded by the China Earthquake Networks Center. In conclusion,this event is complex,including an explosion with a successive earthquake. Although the beginning of the event is an explosion,fault dislocation plays the main role in the event.