大气、海洋、人类活动与气候变暖

根据国内外的研究,对于人类活动引起的全球变暖以及与其有关的碳循环和大气与海洋的反馈过程做了综述。     

唐山地震前后地下水位动态图象及其形成演化模式

对唐山地震前后地下水位动态图象的生成方法、时空演化特征及其形成演化模式的研究表明,唐山地震前后地下水位动态图象正负区和异常特征区的时空演化具有明显的规律性和阶段性。负值区的演化具有“收缩—扩展—急速扩展—发震”的特征;异常特征区的演化显示“迁移—扩展—稳定—发震—消失”的特征;滑动变差值显示“增大—减小—发震—急速减小”的变化过程。探讨了地下水位动态图象演化与构造变形、断层运动和上地幔物质上涌的关系,提出了唐山地震地下水位动态图象“场—区—源”的演化模式     

洛阳地震台模拟水氡仪FD-105K与SD-3B观测资料对比

在相同观测条件下,对比分析洛阳地震台观测井FD-105K型与SD-3B型模拟水氡仪同期观测资料,结果显示,实际观测变化趋势一致,数据动态变化类似。一阶差分分析表明,FD-105K仪观测数据整体波动性较SD-3B仪小,且观测质量较优;一致性检验(相关系数分析、F检验、t检验)结果表明,FD-105K和SD-3B仪观测数据相关性良好、变化趋势一致,但方差和均值变化不一致。     

准噶尔西北缘斜向挤压构造与走滑断裂

古板块构造研究表明古生代以来,准噶尔地块以斜向方式拼合到阿尔泰（Altaids）造山带构造域内,导致准噶尔西北缘一直处在斜向挤压构造背景之下,并发育高角度逆冲推覆构造带以及横向走滑断裂。地面地质调查、遥感卫星影像解译、大地电磁测深剖面和地震剖面构造解释资料综合研究表明,准噶尔西北缘边界断裂为达拉布特左行走滑断裂,西北缘逆冲推覆构造带为基底卷入的高角度逆冲断裂褶皱带; 在与逆冲带走向相垂直方向,发育有北西向横向走滑断裂,这些断裂为同一斜向挤压构造背景下形成的同期构造,形成时间约在晚二叠到侏罗纪之间。大地电磁测深和地震剖面解释表明,达拉布特走滑断裂控制了西北缘高角度逆冲断裂的分布与性质。西北缘二维和三维地震剖面解释表明,横向走滑断裂样式为正花状构造或者负花状构造,同时具有向南东或北西方向逆冲和拉伸的特征。横向走滑断裂为西北缘逆冲构造南北方向分段的主要断裂,并控制了西北缘中生代地层的沉积。西北缘构造是形成于主边界断裂的斜向挤压作用,而基底卷入逆冲断裂则属非纯挤压形成的逆冲构造。     

济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩二次生烃及其动力学研究

以济阳坳陷下古生界海相碳酸盐岩作为研究重点,用生烃动力学方法来研究碳酸盐岩生油气过程,对各组分的生烃动力学参数进行标定,并应用热解动力学参数确定海相碳酸盐岩的生烃定量方法.在此基础上进行二次生烃动力学特征和生烃史研究,探讨下古生界碳酸盐岩的生烃潜力.燕山期古地热场具有高地温梯度和高大地热流分布广泛的特征,是古生界二次生...     

Geology,Mineralogy, Geochronology,and Sulfur Isotope Constraints on the Genesis of the Luanling Gold Telluride Deposit,Western Henan Province,Central China

The Luanling gold telluride deposit in the Xiong'ershan region is located in the southern margin of the North China Craton. The deposit formed in four stages, that is, an early pyrite‐quartz stage (I), a pyrite‐molybdenite stage (II), a sulfide‐telluride‐gold stage (III), and a late carbonate stage (IV). Six species of telluride in stage (III) are recognized, including hessite, altaite, petzite, unidentified Au‐Ag‐Te mineral, empressite, and unidentified Ag‐Te‐S mineral. Gold occurs mostly as native gold and electrum along the microfractures of sulfides or the contact between sulfide and telluride. The mineralization temperature of stage I and stage III ranges from 296 to 377°C and 241 to 324°C, respectively. Tellurides in stage III precipitate at the log?_S2 from ?14.3 to ?7.3 and log?_Te2 from ?17.4 to ?9.4. The ores were formed in an oxidizing environment. The Re‐Os model ages of molybdenite are 162–164 Ma, which indicate that the main ore formation stage was in the Late Jurassic. The Re contents of five molybdenite samples from the Luanling deposit have a range of 36.32–81.95 ppm, except for one large value of 220 ppm, which indicates that the ore‐forming materials are mainly derived from a crustal‐dominated source. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides range from ?17.6 to ?6.2‰, whereas those of sulfates are from 6.8 to 11.5‰. The δ³⁴S_∑S value of the ore‐forming system is 0.0–3.7‰, indicating that the sulfur of the Luanling deposit derived from a deep igneous source. Mineral association and isotope data of the Luanling deposit, together with its geodynamic setting, imply that this deposit belongs to a part of the metallogenic system of the Nannihu‐Sandaozhuang, Shangfangou porphyry molybdenum deposits, and the Late Jurassic granitic intrusions.     

塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪逆冲构造带与巴楚隆起的叠加关系

塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪逆冲带是天山和塔里木盆地在新生代盆山耦合作用下形成的构造变形区，为印度板块和 欧亚板块碰撞所影响的最明显地区之一。柯坪逆冲带逆冲方向是从天山向塔里木盆地内逆冲，构造变形样式是以寒武系蒸发岩层为滑动拆离面的薄皮构造，也有卷入前寒武系－元古界结晶基底的逆冲推覆构造，以及北西向走滑断层。以皮羌断层和印干断层为界，根据构造样式的差异，柯坪逆冲带可分为3个构造区，即西克尔区、柯坪区和阿克苏区。西克尔区逆冲推覆构造卷入地层厚度大，基底拆离面深度为7－8km；柯坪区逆冲推覆构造卷入地层厚度小，基底拆离面深度为5－6km；阿克苏区则为卷入前寒武系结晶基底的逆冲推覆构造。这些构造样式的差异是由于北西向的巴楚隆起对近北东走向的柯坪逆冲构造带叠加的结果，尤其巴楚隆起的南界－－皮羌高角度逆冲断层与柯坪逆冲带发育的皮羌左旋走滑断层，以及巴楚隆起的北界－－印干逆冲断层与柯坪逆冲带发育的印干右旋走滑断层对柯坪冲构造带的叠加最为明显。     

黄骅坳陷孔店南部枣Ⅲ油组物源分析

为精确刻画孔店南部地区枣Ⅲ油组物源体系的展布,预测枣园开发区与王官屯开发区之间的砂体展布,进一步促进勘探的突破,必须综合运用地球物理、地球化学、沉积学的方法对孔店南部枣Ⅲ油组物源体系进行精确刻画。通过对黄骅坳陷孔店南部的区域重力异常、地震属性特征、重矿物聚类分析、轻矿物分析、岩屑特征分析、砂体分散体系展布的综合研究,精确描绘了来自西部沧县隆起、北部孔店凸起、东部徐黑凸起3个物源方向的6个扇体。通过物源体系与地层、古地貌、构造之间的综合研究,认为黄骅坳陷孔店南部孔店组枣Ⅲ时期物源的展布受古地貌特征、同生断裂和盆缘基岩的控制。     

The Loess/Paleosol record and the nature of the younger Dryas climate in central China

The use of latest Pleistocene-Holocene paleosols in defining Chinese climatic sequences is plagued by poor chronological controls caused primarily by the use of radiocarbon dates derived from bulk soil carbon. Dating of a post-glacial aeolian/paleosol sequence in the Pigeon Mountain basin of north-central China, using culturally deposited charcoal, support a wide array of other data suggesting the Younger Dryas was a period of cooler dryer conditions marked by wide-spread aeolian deposition. Periods of soil formation and higher lake levels bracket this climatic event. Climatic variability immediately before, during and immediately after the Younger Dryas interval is associated with rapid technological elaboration and innovation in the production and use of chipped stone tools, and perhaps, ground stone. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Mechanical and biodeterioration behaviours of a clayey soil strengthened with combined carrageenan and casein

Acta Geotechnica - In the last decade, biopolymers have been used as organic soil binders in ground improvement and earthen construction material modification. Although biopolymer-treated soils...