具有弯曲效应的层状结构岩体变形的Cosserat介质分析方法

在反倾向层状岩体边坡、有底鼓现象的巷道以及隧洞工程中，岩体常出现弯曲变形及弯曲破坏现象。常规的等效连续介质理论忽略了梯度应力的影响，因而不能很好解决上述工程问题．Ｃｏｓｓｅｒａｔ介质理论以具有一定尺度的微元体为研究对象，引进了偶应力及弯曲曲率概念，从而考虑了弯曲效应对介质变形特性的影响。本文首先介绍Ｃｏｓｓｅｒａｔ介质理论的基本原理，然后建立有限元计算模式，最后通过算例，说明这种模式对计算具有弯曲效应的展状岩体变形问题是有效的。     

计算极谱法同时测定镉镍的研究

采用普通极谱仪与计算机联机技术,用卡尔曼滤波处理以KSCN为支持电解质的Cd~(2+)和Ni~(2+)混合溶液的示波极谱重叠波。实验表明,极谱可逆波具有较好的加和性,可采用计算极谱方法对多组分(尤其是难以分开的重叠波)进行同时测定。     

资阳地区强降水气候分析及其短期预报模式

本文通过对资阳的大～暴雨、暴雨的分布、强度和出现时段等气候统计分析,根据各类天气系统在关键区发生、发展及其演变规律进行分型,并建立了资阳强降水的预报模式.     

河北阳原新生代玄武岩中两类辉石岩包体的矿物学和地球化学特征

位于大兴安岭-太行山重力梯度带西侧的阳原新生代玄武岩中含有大量橄榄岩和辉石岩包体。辉石岩包体含有绿色的Cr辉石岩和黑色的Al辉石岩包体两种类型,均为二辉岩,且多数样品中单斜辉石含量高于斜方辉石。岩石结构和主微量元素组成说明阳原辉石岩是高压堆晶体。其EMI型Sr-Nd同位素特征,明显不同于寄主玄武岩,暗示两者没有成因联系,而可能代表古老岩浆事件的产物。综合文献资料发现重力梯度带西侧的辉石岩包体大多具有富集同位素特征,而东侧的样品以亏损同位素组成为主。这种空间上的成分差异暗示重力梯度带分隔两个不同的地幔域,也可能与重力梯度带两侧岩石圈地幔形成时代不同有关。     

Preliminary study on the relationship between the crust-mantle structure and the formation of Laowangzhai superlarge gold deposit

The essential shallow-crust structural factors controlling the formation of Laowangzhai gold deposit include favorable tectonic and regional structural site, the release site of a great deal of the earth energy, favorable orecontrolling structure system, abundant and favorable source rocks for gold, ductile shearing, abundant minerogenetic materials source in extensive crust and mantle. And the essential deep-seated crust-mantle structure factors dominating the formation of the ore deposit include intracrustal low-velocity len, high-velocity bodies in the lower part of middle crust and lower crust, the steps on the slope of Moho, connecting site of mantle rises, the crust-mantle transition layer, upwelling of asthenosphere and the low-velocity plume. It is concluded that the fundamental reason that controls the formation of Laowangzhai superlarge gold deposit lies in the coupling between deep and shallow crust-mantle structure factors controlling the formation of the deposit and their coupling with the lithospheric evolution and geological event. Project supported by the National Climbing Plan Programme A-30.     

Differential exhumation of tectonic units and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Mountains, China

A model involving buoyancy, wedging and thermal doming is postulated to explain the differential exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Mountains, China, with an emphasis on the exhumation of the UHP rocks from the base of the crust to the upper crust by opposite wedging of the North China Block (NCB). The Yangtze Block was subducted northward under the NCB and Northern Dabie microblock, forming UHP metamorphic rocks in the Triassic (240–220 Ma). After delamination of the subduction wedge, the UHP rocks were exhumed rapidly to the base of the crust by buoyancy (220–200 Ma). Subsequently, when the left-lateral Tan–Lu transform fault began to be activated, continuous north–south compression and uplifting of the orogen forced the NCB to be subducted southward under the Dabie Orogen (`opposite subduction'). Opposite subduction and wedging of the North China continental crust is responsible for the rapid exhumation of the UHP and South Dabie Block units during the Early Jurassic, at ca 200–180 Ma at a rate of ∼ 3.0 mm/year. The UHP eclogite suffered retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies. Rapid exhumation of the North Dabie Block (NDB) occurred during 135–120 Ma because of thermal doming and granitoid formation during extension of continental margin of the Eurasia. Amphibolite facies rocks from NDB suffered retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies. Different unit(s) and terrane(s) were welded together by granites and the wedging ceased. Since 120–110 Ma, slow uplift of the entire Dabie terrane is caused by gravitational equilibrium.     

长江三峡工程坝区线性构造及断裂系统研究

本文利用彩红外航片和野外调查等方法,对三峡大坝坝区的线性构造和断裂系统进行了解译,对断裂构造特征进行了解析,从中得出以下结论：坝区主要存在四组方向的断裂,即NNW向、SN-NNE向、NW-NWW向以及NE-NEE向断裂组,其中NNW向断裂最为发育,NE-NEE向断裂组次之。SN-NNE向断裂组稍弱,NW-NWW向断裂发育最弱。通过数理统计的方法,对网格单元内线性构造的长度、条数、断裂交汇点数进行了统计,分析总结了该区断裂分布之规律及其对坝区岩体质量和坝基稳定性的影响。此外,文中还利用矿物流体包裹体特征,对断裂形成时的温度（T）、压力（P）等物理环境和变形史进行了探讨。     

新疆阿拉套山花岗岩类高εNd值的成因探讨

新疆阿拉套山广泛出露的华力西期花岗岩类的一般岩石学和地球化学性质可与我国以及世界上大部分地区出露的花岗岩相类比,但其ε_Nd(t)高,为+2.2-+3.2,其中一部分花岗岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t)也高,可达0.715.这可能是壳幔物质AFC式混合的结果,也可能是准噶尔地块及其两缘特殊地质环境的反映。     

松潘大震震源过程研究

本文应用调制小震法对松潘地震前的震源过程进行了剖析,初步得到震前六年半(直至发震)这一时段内震源区和源外调整单元地震活动的时空图像,其特点如下: 1.第一阶段(1970—1973.5.7)在此阶段其地震活动的空间图像主要是形成调制小震带的围空区和空段区,但在震源区仍有非调制小震活动表明,该时段震源区和外围区具有不同的介质强度,背景震源区初步形成。2.第二阶段(1973.5.8—1974.12)在此阶段,地震活动的空间图像主要表现为震源区内非调制小震的消失,震源区北端中强震活跃。这说明震源区形成,应力正在加速积累。3.第三阶段(1975.1—1976.8.15)在此阶段未来震源区两端出现调制小震带的交汇区。震源区内非调制小震恢复活动。说明震源区两端的应力调整单元已基本形成,震源区应力水平相当高,震源已具备发震条件。4.在第四阶段的最后半年震中区以及外围(约300×200平方公里)小震调制比出现异常。说明震源区及其邻区应力水平已相当高,这是松潘大震来临的中期指标。5.临震前二个月内震源外围出现与外因时间同步的小震频度峰值,分别出现在6月27日、7月13日和8月15日。根据它们的同步性以及异常时间的倍九特征可进行松潘大震的短临预报。根据松潘震源过程的研究,利用小震在不同阶段的震源过程时空特征,有可能对一次大震作出不同时间尺度的预报。     

地壳介质的应力松驰与b值的关系讨论

本文讨论了温度、水、围压、化学结构等因素对地壳岩石驰豫时间的影响,从地壳介质受力时其内应力的不均匀松驰出发,讨论了除介质中的应力水平以外影响b值的其它因素。结果表明,地壳介质的平均驰豫时间愈短,介质愈不均匀,介质受力速度愈小,b值愈高。