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61.
62.
Feng She YiFan Cheng ShiGong Wang YongTao Guo JinYan Wang MinJing M KeZheng Shang 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(3):0252-0263
Although Lanzhou is one of the most heavily polluted cities in China, the composition of its air pollutants have not yet been studied in detail. The data of four months on the concentrations and compositions of ions from daily air-filter samples in the winter and spring during 2007–2008 were analyzed to investigate temporal trends and their possible causes. The results indicate that mean concentrations of almost all the aerosol components are greater in winter than in spring due to stronger emissions in winter and weaker localized dispersion. Spring dust storms are the major cause of the highest peak PM10 concentrations recorded during the study period; however, these elevated levels were transient. Ion concentrations related to coal combustion show the greatest reduction from winter to spring, while the concentrations of strong crustal components show a less-pronounced reduction. Strong cycles in the levels of particulate matter (PM) and all ions are also observed during the winter months due to meteorological conditions. Depending on the season, nine different ions accounted for 20%–50% of the PM concentration. The particle size of polluting ions was constant at times of increasing PM concentrations (particularly during winter), whereas the particle size of crustal ions increased dramatically during spring dust storms. Local meteorological conditions (especially wind speed) have a strong influence on the levels of pollutants. Four dust storms were noted, including one during winter. In summary, the regional transport of desert dust from the Gobi can significantly affect air quality and the chemical composition of aerosols in Lanzhou. The dust storms can strongly increase concentration of crustal ions, which are characteristics of deserts in northwestern China. This observation is in agreement with back-trajectories, which show reduced levels of pollutant ions during dust storms. Data on nitrate:sulfate ratios indicate that stationary point sources are the main source of ions rather than mobile sources. 相似文献
63.
64.
地下水文地质特征影响因素研究可以为开展矿井充水防治工作提供依据。通过对渭北煤田铜川矿区鸭口煤矿的水文地质资料进行综合分析,分析认为:地表水与本区二水平涌水量之间具有一定的相关性,而老空积水则与之无明显的相关性;二叠系石千峰组、奥陶系峰峰组、石炭系太原组石英砂岩层和K2灰岩含水层均不是造成矿井充水的主要原因;上石盒子组中下部砂岩含水层造成5-2煤层充水的可能性较小,下石盒子组下部砂岩和山西组下部砂岩含水层可引起煤层顶板充水;中、小型断裂带可以成为矿井充水的良好通道;二水平冒裂带波及范围至山西组下部砂岩含水层,造成充水的可能性较小;封闭不良的钻孔可以导水,严重时可以造成矿井充水。研究结论可为合理有效的开展矿井水防治工作提供一些理论依据。 相似文献
65.
Foliated garnet-bearing granite, usually associated with high pressure and ultrahigh -pressure (UHP) metamophic rocks, is
a particular rock-type extensively exposed in the Mesozoic Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt of China. This study focuses on deformation
features and SHRIMP zircon dating of foliated garnet granite in a high-pressure metamorphic unit from Huwan, western Dabie
Mountains in order to resolve discrepancies in current versions of its petrogenesis and structural evolution. SHRIMP dating
reveals a zircon age of 762 ± 15 Ma (MSWD=1.7) for Huwan granites, representing the Middle to Late Neoproterozoic age of intrusion
and crystallization. Field and microstructural studies show that the Huwan granite body underwent multiple-stage deformation.
The deformation was manifested by an early stage of rootless folding and imposition of relict foliation (S1); an Indosinian main stage marked by imposition of north-dipping penetrative gneissosity (S2) and development of ductile shear zones under NNE-SSW directed compression; and a final Indosinian stage of southward thrusting
of the Huwan high-pressure unit. Shallow level extension prevailed after the Late Triassic, giving rise to south-dipping thrust
faults and north-dipping normal faults.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40802046 and 40334037) and the Project of Science
& Technology Research and Development from Sinopec (Grant No. P02009) 相似文献
66.
GUO Mengyao SHE Dunxian ZHANG Liping LI Lingcheng YANG Zong-Liang HONG Si 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(8):1123-1139
This study uses two forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI), namely the PDSI_TH(potential evapotranspiration estimated-by the Thornthwaite equation) and the PDSI_PM(potential evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith equation), to characterize the meteorological drought trends during 1960–2016 in the Loess Plateau(LP) and its four subregions. By designing a series of numerical experiments, we mainly investigated various climatic factors' contributions to the drought trends at annual, summer, and autumn time scales. Overall, the drying trend in the PDSI_TH is much larger than that in the PDSI_PM. The former is more sensitive to air temperature than precipitation, while the latter is the most sensitive to precipitation among all meteorological factors. Increasing temperature results in a decreasing trend(drying) in the PDSI_TH, which is further aggravated by decreasing precipitation, jointly leading to a relatively severe drying trend. For the PDSI_PM that considers more comprehensive climatic factors, the drying trend is partly counteracted by the declining wind speed and solar radiation. Therefore, the PDSI_PM ultimately shows a much smaller drying trend in the past decades. 相似文献
67.
Zheng Bingbing Pang Wenhui Zhao Yangguo Guo Liang Gao Mengchun Jin Chunji She Zonglian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(4):865-873
The wide application of antibiotics in aquaculture requires an efficient treatment of the wastewater before discharging it into the environment. During the wastewater treatment, the influence of antibiotics on the performance of bioreactor should be well revealed due to their toxicity to the functional microbial community. In this study, the effect of feeding 10-30 mg L~(-1) sulfamethoxazole(SMX) in influent on the performance of an anoxic/oxic-moving bed biofilm reactor(A/O-MBBR) treating mariculture wastewater and the responding change of biofilm microbial communities was investigated. The COD average removal rate remained at 94.61%-97.34% with the dosage of SMX. Compared with that, the nitrifying removals of NH_4~+-N and NO_2~--N were violently inhibited by 30 mg L~(-1) SMX and denitrifying removal of the NO_3~--N decreased obviously with 20 mg L~(-1) or more SMX. The microbial community in the successful startup bioreactor was relatively abundant, while the diversity of microbial community decreased with the increase of feeding SMX. The salt-tolerant and SMX-resistant genera Arcobacter, Thiothrix, Desulfuromusa and Nitrosomonas were gradually enriched and finally played a vital role in converting COD and recycling nitrogen and sulfur. Hence, the present A/O-MBBR reactor with the salt-tolerant functional microbiota achieved efficient removal of pollutants in the presence of low concentration(e.g., 10 mg L~(-1)) SMX. 相似文献
68.
Shenghong Yang Wenjun Qu Yulong Tian Jiangfeng Chen Gang Yang Andao Du 《Chemical Geology》2008,247(3-4):401-418
Apparent Re–Os ages of some magmatic sulfide ore deposits are older than the zircon and baddeleyite U–Pb ages which are interpreted as the formation age of the host intrusions. The Jinchuan Ni–Cu–PGE deposit of China, the world's third largest, is such a case. We report apparent Re–Os isochron ages of 1117 ± 67 Ma, 1074 ± 120 Ma and 867 ± 75 Ma with initial 187Os/188Os ratios of 0.120 ± 0.012, 0.162 ±0.017 and 0.235 ± 0.027 for disseminated ores, sulfides from the disseminated ores and massive ores from Jinchuan, respectively. Using these data and Re–Os ages from the literature, we find that the oldest apparent Re–Os age and lowest initial Os isotope ratio are from disseminated ores which contain small amounts of sulfide minerals, the highest initial Os isotope ratios and youngest apparent Re–Os ages, consistent with the zircon and baddeleyite U–Pb ages, are from massive ores containing 90–100 modal% sulfide, and net-textured ores with about 25 modal% sulfides yield apparent Re–Os ages and initial Os ratios intermediate between those of the disseminated and massive ores.Because Os diffusion between sulfides is inhibited by the intervening silicates even at high temperatures, re-equilibration did not occur in the disseminated ore and the samples retained the Os ratios of the contaminated magma, leading to geologically meaningless ages that are older than the formation age of the rocks. While Os-bearing sulfide minerals and magnetite show low closure temperatures of Os diffusion and the sulfide minerals in the massive ore are closely connected with each other, facilitating fast diffusion of Os, re-equilibration of Os was achieved during cooling of the ore from about 850 °C after the segregation to about 400 °C. Thus, an age corresponding to the formation time and an elevated initial Os ratio were yielded by the massive ore. Os isotopes in the net-textured ore behave in the way intermediate between the disseminated and massive ores. Pb isotope data support the Os results. Disseminated ores have heterogeneous Pb isotope ratios whereas Pb in the massive ores is more uniform, consistent with Pb isotopic equilibration in the massive ores, but not in the disseminated ores. 相似文献
69.
QIN Jiangfeng LAI Shaocong and LI Yongfei State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of Geology Northwest University Xi’an China 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(1):72-81
The post-collisional Yangba granodiorite intruded into the Bikou metasedimentary-volcanic group, southern Mianlue Suture, central China. The host granodiorites contain many mafic microgranular enclaves which have acicular apatite, phenocrysts of host granodiorites, implying that the enclaves have been incorporated as magma globules into host granodioritic magma and undergone rapid cooling. The variation trends of major and trace elements between enclaves and host rocks suggest a mixing and mingling process with respect to their petrogenesis. The mafic microgranular enclaves are characterized by shoshonite with SiO2≤〈63%, σ (4.54-6.18)〉3.3, high K2O content (4.22%-6.04%), K2O/Na2O〉1; in the K2O-SiO2 diagram, all the samples plot in the shoshonite field, which are enriched in LILE and LREE, with obvious Nb, Ta negative anomalies, indicating a subducting fluid-metasomatised mantle source. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating of the granodiorites yielded an age of 215.4±8.3 Ma, indicating they were formed during the late-orogenic or post-collisional stage (≤242±21 Ma) of the South Qinling Mountain Belt. The host granodiorites have many close compositional similarities to high-silica adakites from supra-subduction zone setting, but tend to have a higher concentration of K2O (3.22%-3.84%) and Mg^#. Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element patterns are characterized by high ratios of (La/Yb)N, the extreme HREE depletion and a lack of significant Eu anomalies. In conjunction with the high abundances of Ba and Sr as well as the low abundances of Y and HREE, these patterns suggest a feldspar-poor, garnet ± amphibole-rich fractionation mineral assemblage. High Mg^# values demonstrate that the host granodiorites were contaminated by enclave magma. On a whole, integrated geological and geochemical studies suggested the Yangba granodiorites and their mafic microgranular enclaves resulted from mixing of enriched mantle-derived shoshonitic magma and thickened lower crust-derived felsic magma. In combination w 相似文献
70.
The Indosinian post-collisional Wulong pluton intruded into the Mesoproterozoic Fuping Group, South Qinling, central China. In the southern part of the pluton, some mafic enclaves have sharp or gradational contact relationships with the host biotite granodiorite. Geochemistry, zircon LA-ICP MS (laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry) U-Pb chronology and Sr- Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of the pluton are reported in this paper. The biotite granodiorite shows close compositional similarities to high-silica adakite. Its chondrite-normalized REE patterns are characterized by strong HREE depletion (Yb = 0.33--0.96 10-6 and Y = 4.77-11.19 ×10^-6), enrichment of Ba (775-1386 x 10-6) and Sr (643-1115 × 10^-6) and high Sr/Y (57.83-159.99) and Y/Yb (10.99-14.32) ratios, as well as insignificant Eu anomalies (6Eu = 0.70-0.83), suggesting a feldspar-poor, garnet±amphibole-rich residual mineral assemblage. The mafic enclaves have higher MgO (4.15- 8.13%), Cr (14.79-371.31 × 10-6), Ni (20.00-224.24× 10^-6) and Nb/Ta (15.42-21.91) than the host granodiorite, implying that they are mantle-derived and might represent underplated mafic magma. Zircon LA-ICP MS dating of the granodiorite yields a ^206pb/^238U weighted mean age of 208±2 Ma (MSWD=0.50, 1σ), which is the age of emplacement of the host biotite granodiorite. This age indicates that the Wulong pluton formed during the late-orogenic or post-collisional stage (〈242±21 Ma) of the South Qinling belt. The host biotite granodiorite displays ^87Sr/^86Sr = 0.7059-0.7062, Isr = 0.7044-- 0.7050,^143Nd/^144Nd = 0.51236-0.51238, εNd(t)= -2.26 to -2.66 to ^206Pb/^204pb = 18.099-18.209, ^207pb/^204pb = 15.873-15.979 and ^208pb/^204pb = 38.973-39.430. Those ratios are similar to those of the Mesoproterozoic Yaolinghe Group in the South Qinling. Furthermore, its Nd isotopic model age (-1.02 Ga) is consistent with the age (-1.1 Ga) of the Yaolinghe Group. Based on the integrated geological and ge 相似文献