U–Pb Ages for Zircon Grains from Nsanaragati Alluvial Gem Placers: Its Correlation to the Source Rocks

The Mamfe Basin is located in the SW of Cameroon and is an extension of the much bigger Benue Trough in the SE of Nigeria. Along the Asenem River and its tributaries in the western part of the Mamfe Basin (close to the border with Nigeria) gem placers yielding big zircon grains were found in recent river sediments close to Nsanaragati. In order to determine the source area and to establish a possible correlation between the zircons found in the Nsanaragati placers and rocks surrounding the Mamfe Basin 56 detrital zircon grains were analysed regarding their U–Pb ages and selected trace element contents by LA‐ICP–MS techniques. Possible source areas are rocks from the Benue Trough in the West and from the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) in the SE of the study area. Based on microscopic analyses it was possible to distinguish two groups of zircons: reddish and non‐reddish ones, where the latter group comprises color variations from brown to orange, yellow to even colorless. In general, the detrital zircons show high hafnium values (4576 to 12565 ppm) and very variable thorium (7.8 to 1565 ppm) and uranium values (13.4 to 687 ppm). The Th/U ratios vary from 0.4 to 2.3, allowing correlations for some zircon grains to kimberlitic, granitic or syenitic affinities. It was also possible to distinguish zircon grains crystallised in mafic mantle‐derived melts from those crystallised in felsic melts, e.g. from continental rift‐related magmatic systems. In general, the U–Pb zircon ages obtained range from 11.7 to 1949 Ma. All zircons of the reddish group yielded almost similar ages resulting in a Concordia age of 12.4 Ma (Serravallian), an age unknown from the Mamfe Basin so far. The group of non‐reddish zircons showed various ages ranging from Serravallian to Orosirian. It was possible to correlate the youngest ages with rocks known from intrusions along the CVL, dated with K/Ar or Ar/Ar methods. The most probable sources were Mount Bamenda and Mount Bambouto in the east of the Mamfe Basin. Cretaceous ages are interpreted as re‐recycled clastic sediments whose original source had been rocks in the south and the north of the Benue Trough and who had been eroded and deposited within the catchment area of the Asenem river system in the Mamfe Basin in post‐Cretaceous times. The oldest ages are assumed to represent the pan‐African and pre‐pan‐African basement of the Mamfe basin.     

多金属结核样品中微量碘的测定

试验了艾斯卡试剂半熔温度对离子色谱法测定多金属结核中碘的影响，选定半熔温度为６７０℃可控制锰酸盐的形成以消除其对测碘的干扰。用此法测定多金属结核标样中碘，其结果与信息值符合，９次测定的ＲＳＤ小于２５％，加标回收率在９５５％～９７％。     

中国天然气资源安全态势分析

通过文献梳理建立中国天然气资源安全评价指标体系,运用聚类分析和灰色关联分析优化了已构建的评价指标体系。在此基础上采用熵值法衡量出中国天然气安全指数,通过设立高、基准和低3种情景方案,运用PSO-SVM模型对2020年中国天然气安全态势进行了分析。结果表明:(1)在评价期内,中国天然气处于不安全程度,天然气安全指数呈现先波动下降再缓慢上升的趋势;(2)不同的天然气利用政策及与之配套的能源政策能够显著影响中国天然气安全发展。建议中国政府加强对天然气等能源政策的干预力度,以便更好地发挥上述政策和措施在提高天然气能源利用效率、改善能源结构和保证国民经济平稳运行方面的积极作用。     

应用Catch-MSY模型评估印度洋蓝枪鱼资源

Catch-MSY模型可仅依靠渔获量数据进行渔业资源评估,在数据缺乏状况下能暂时替代标准资源评估模型。本研究以印度洋蓝枪鱼(Makaira nigricans)为例,根据有、无信息的内禀增长率r和环境容纳量K的先验分布,设立15组情景进行模型灵敏度分析、资源评估和预测。结果表明,参数r和K呈强烈的负相关,而最大可持续产量(Maximum Sustainable Yield,MSY)与参数r呈正相关;数据时间序列长度对评估结果影响有限,而模型对起止年渔获量较为敏感。资源状况评估表明,印度洋蓝枪鱼资源生物量状况良好,即B₂₀₁₅/B_MSY大于1;而开发状况除其中两种情景外,均为过度捕捞,即F₂₀₁₅/F_MSY大于1。资源预测表明,为使未来10年内B/B_MSY>1的概率超过50%,需将渔获量缩减至当前渔获量的90%(13.86 kt);考虑到该模型在数据缺乏状况下会更加保守,若将当前渔获量的100%～110%(15.40～16.94 kt)设为管理目标,则未来5年内B/B_MSY >1的概率超过50%。     

水下无人系统发展概念和研究现状

水下无人系统在降低平台全寿命费用、减少高危作业风险与人员伤亡等方面具有先天优势,使其成为当今世界各国争相研究的热点领域。深入分析了美国水下无人系统的发展战略和现状,研究了我国水下无人系统的实际需求,提出了我国水下无人系统的发展概念和思路。     

Geochronology,petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the porphyritic granodiorite related to the Cu mineralization in the Dengjitun ore district,Inner Mongolia

Mineralogy and Petrology - The Dengjitun Cu deposit, located in the central Xing’an Block, represents a key target for medium- to large-sized porphyry Cu deposit exploration. The...     

大西洋金枪鱼延绳钓主要兼捕鱼种垂直分布结构研究

研究延绳钓渔获物的垂直分布结构对于评估延绳钓渔业对目标和兼捕种类的影响具有重要的理论和实际参考价值。根据2007-2010年间2个航次调查采集的热带大西洋公海海域(05°N～15°N,29°W～41°W)金枪鱼延绳钓主要兼捕鱼种的渔获资料,估算了14种渔获物的钓获深度,包括金枪鱼类3种、旗鱼类3种、鲨鱼类3种、其它鱼类3种、海龟2种。当钓钩上浮率假设分别为15%、20%和25%时,最小估算深度分别为122、114和107m,最大估算深度分别为311、293和275m。叉尾长鳍乌鲂的平均钓获深度最深,海龟类的平均钓获深度最浅。四分位距图(IQR)显示,各物种的深度分布范围变化很大,有些种类之间的深度分布中值虽然相近,但深度分布范围却相差很大。除剑鱼外,其余兼捕物种与大眼金枪鱼的深度分布均值均有显著性差异。而除剑鱼和红棱鲂外,其余兼捕物种与大眼金枪鱼的深度分布函数均有显著性差异。聚类分析显示14种渔获物可以分成3种垂直分布结构。     

A collaborative study on temperature diurnal tide in the midlatitude mesopause region (41°N, 105°W) with Na lidar and TIMED/SABER observations

The na lidar-observed temperature diurnal tidal perturbations, based on full-diurnal-cycle observations from 2002 to 2008, are compared with tidal wave measurements by the TIMED/SABER instrument to elucidate the nature of diurnal tidal-period perturbations observed locally. The diurnal amplitude and phase profiles deduced by the two instruments are in very good agreement most of the year. However, the lidar-observed diurnal amplitudes during winter months and early spring are considerably larger than SABER observations, leading to the existence of a significant amplitude maximum of 12 K near 90 km in February and a different seasonal structure of temperature diurnal amplitude from the two instruments. The lidar-observed diurnal phase shows propagating wave characteristics during equinoctial months, but exhibit “evanescent wave” behavior in winter months, whereas SABER diurnal tidal phase exhibits propagating diurnal tidal character all year long with small seasonal variation. This anomalous tidal characteristic from the lidar observations repeats almost every winter. The exact mechanism behind this tidal feature is not fully understood, therefore further investigation and more experimental observations are necessary.     

The Faraday filter-based spectrometer for observing sodium nightglow and studying atomic and molecular oxygen associated with the sodium chemistry in the mesopause region

This paper describes the operational principles, design and field testing of a new, compact, Faraday filter-based spectrometer to measure the D₂ (589.158 nm) to D₁ (589.756 nm) intensity ratio of the sodium nightglow. This work was motivated by the observations of Slanger et al. (2005) who reported an annual variation in D₂/D₁ with values ranging from 1.2 to 1.8. Their proposed explanation, a modified Chapman mechanism, requires that the intensity ratio is related to the concentration ratio of atomic oxygen [O] to molecular oxygen [O₂]. Our method of measuring D₂/D₁ utilizes narrowband Na vapor Faraday filters, which can yield observations on the fractional contributions of the two chemical pathways of the modified Chapman mechanism. Since delineation of the two chemical pathways requires a spectral resolution of 0.0002 nm, this is not possible with any other existing instrument.     

Estimation of high-frequency seismic wave radiation on fault plane of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake based on improved empirical Green’s function

A new strategy for inversion of high-frequency wave radiation condition on the fault plan is exhibited. One-dimensional source model of large earthquake was divided into subfaults, each subfault contains a series of subsources to express high-frequency wave radiation. Envelope of large earthquakes can be expressed as a root-mean-squared with combination of envelope attenuation relationship from all subsources. The envelope attenuation relationship is considered as the empirical Green’s function. Distribution of subsources is estimated by envelope inversion. According to this method, the high-frequency (>?1 Hz) wave radiation areas of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are generally inverted by the differential evolution using acceleration data from 27 near-field stations, while acceleration waveforms of the Lushan earthquake from 43 near-field stations were utilized to create attenuation envelope. High-frequency waves radiated in: (1) surface rupture areas, including Yingxiu and Beichuan areas; (2) close to the boundaries of asperities near Yingxiu, Yuejiashan, Beichuan and Nanba areas; (3) within 30 km length near the fault northeastern tip; (4) around Qingchuan area.