Construction and implementation of RS integrated application information system of China''s coastal zone and offshore

The coastal zone and offshore are clearly of major economic and social importance,in thesame time it causes a series of problems of resources and ecosystem too.The research on and development of integrated application techniques for remote sensing provide not only a microcosmic and dynamic and synchronous technical means to the monitor,but also an integrated technical scheme to harmonically solve the ecological environment problem.The system is designed to focus on the application techniques of multi-sources remote sensing data.By developing remote sensing information extraction module,integrated user platform,and application module objected to the real ocean procedure for China''s coastal zone and offshore,the information system consists of the management of prodigious amount of data,display,analysis,simulation and output will be constructed and implemented.The final objective is to transform the research on ocean remote sensing into application.     

基于NoSREx实验的积雪演化及微波辐射分析研究

在被动微波雪水当量反演中,积雪物理参数随时间的变化特征影响着反演精度,为理解积雪随时间演化的特征及其对微波辐射亮温的影响,本研究选用2009—2013年北欧积雪实验（Nordic Snow Radar Experiment, NoSREx）积雪地面观测和微波辐射测量数据,通过雪深和温度把雪期分为积累期（10月—次年2月）、稳定期（2—4月）和消融期（4—5月）,发现各个雪期的积雪演化特征为：雪颗粒形状在积累期前期以融态颗粒（Melt Forms, MF）为主,积累期后期和稳定期以圆形颗粒、片状颗粒、深霜为主,消融期以MF为主;整个雪季底层雪粒径从小变大再变小的过程,粒径最大值出现在稳定期的2至3月,约为2.5~4.0 mm,均出现在近地表雪层,而表层粒径较小且较为稳定。通过雪深和微波亮度差（18~37 GHz）的关系分析,表明亮温差在不同雪期对于雪深的依赖关系不同,在积累期和稳定期,雪深变化与亮温差变化具有明显的正相关;在消融期由于积雪融化的影响,其相关性较差;基于多层积雪微波辐射模型（MEMLS）构建了一维微波辐射模拟环境,模拟表明MEMLS模型在3个雪期的垂直极化10.65 GHz和18.7 GHz模拟结果较37 GHz和90 GHz更好;10.65 GHz V极化在入射角为50°且稳定期时,微波亮温模拟均方根误差（RMSE）结果最小,为2.49 K。3个雪期90 GHz模拟结果水平极化优于垂直极化,由于受表层积雪变化影响,90 GHz模拟结果较不稳定,尤其是消融期时,RMSE最小也达到了42.7 K。本研究有助于理解积雪随时间演化的特征及其对微波辐射模拟的影响,表明在被动微波雪水当量反演算法中,针对不同积雪期需要考虑积雪演化动态过程。     

利用ICESat数据确定北冰洋海冰出水高度——以2005—2006年为例

提出了在结合高程特征变化的基础上利用ICESat海冰观测数据波形参数确定北冰洋海冰出水高度的方法,并与目前常用的最低点法进行比较。结果表明,最低点法计算的海冰出水高度不仅在空间分布上存在系统性误差,并且容易受到粗差影响,而本文的方法则具有较高的可靠性。本文在最低点法中加入高程标准差限制,并与本文提出的方法结合,计算并分析了2005年至2006年6个ICESat任务期的北冰洋海冰出水高度的季节变化。结果表明,2005年夏天的异常气候对于北冰洋海冰具有深远的影响,不仅使当年秋季的海冰出水高度大大减小,而且海冰的组成比例也发生了巨大变化。     

Petrogenesis and metallogenic implications of Late Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the Tongling region,eastern China: a case study and perspective review

ABSTRACT

Large-scale Cu–Au mineralization is associated with Late Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the Tongling region of eastern China, which mainly comprise pyroxene monzodiorite, quartz monzodiorite, and granodiorite. To constrain the petrogenesis of the intrusive rocks and Cu–Au mineralization, detailed analyses of the geochronology, apatite in situ geochemistry, whole-rock geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotopic compositions were performed. Magmatic zircons from pyroxene monzodiorites, quartz monzodiorites, and granodiorites yield U–Pb ages of 136–149 Ma, 136–146 Ma, and 138–152 Ma, respectively, indicating that their formation ages are contemporaneous. Quartz monzodiorites and granodiorites (SiO₂ = 57.9–69.5 wt.%) are highly potassic calc-alkaline rocks with adakitic affinity and have low MgO and Y contents, low zircon ε_Hf(t) values (?11.7 to ?39.0), high apatite Cl contents (>0.2 wt.%), and log fO₂ values (?23.2 to ?8.23), indicating that they may have formed when metasomatized mantle-derived magmas mixed with slab-derived magmas before undergoing crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization. Pyroxene monzodiorites (SiO₂ = 48.4–53.0 wt.%) are shoshonitic and record high MgO, P₂O₅, and Y contents, high zircon ε_Hf(t) values (1.55 to ?7.87), high oxygen fugacity, low Nb and Ta contents, and low apatite Cl contents (mainly <0.2 wt.%), suggesting that they were primarily derived from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle-derived magma that experienced the assimilation of lower crustal materials. The results indicate that the intrusive rocks and associated large-scale Cu–Au mineralization of the Tongling region resulted from the partial melting of the subducted oceanic slab in an oxidizing environment.     

Early Cretaceous adakitic rocks in the Anqing region,southeastern China: constraints on petrogenesis and metallogenic significance

ABSTRACT

The Anqing region in Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt is one of the important Cu polymetal producers in China. The origin of Cu polymetallic deposits in the region is closely related to Early Cretaceous adakitic intrusions. To constrain the petrogenetic and metallogenic significance of the adakitic rocks, a detailed geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic study was performed. The Anqing adakitic rocks (SiO₂ = 57.4–64.2 wt.%) consist mainly of quartz monzodiorite, formed at 138.2 ± 1.7 Ma (Mean Standard Weighted Deviation (MSWD) = 0.61). They have high MgO, Al₂O₃, Sr, and low Rb, Y, Yb contents, together with high Sr/Y (50.5–222) and La/Yb (31.9–46.9) ratios. They also show negative whole-rock ε_Nd(t) (?9.8 to ?8.5) and zircon ε_Hf(t) (?10.0 to ?5.4), and high oxygen fugacity (mainly ?17.0 to ?8.01) values and radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions with (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 17.692–17.884, (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 15.413–15.511, and (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i = 37.611–37.943. Coupled with negative Nb–Ta anomalies, low K₂O/Na₂O ratios (0.39–0.62), and high Mg# values (0.44–0.71), these data suggest the adakitic rocks and associated large-scale Cu–Au mineralization of the Anqing region resulted from partial melting of the high oxidized subducted oceanic crust. Addition of mantle-derived magmas and assimilation of crustal materials during emplacement are also possible.     

水平摆倾斜仪配电系统的改造

水平摆倾斜仪配电系统在洞内放置,因洞内潮湿,仪器零部件锈蚀严重,经常发生故障,严重影响资料的连续率。本文提出将配电盘移出山洞,到办公室工作,计算和试验,完成了对赤城地震台的线路改造。仪器运行两年来,情况良好,彻底解决了十几年来一直困扰赤城台倾斜仪故障频繁的问题。     

杭州湾海水中的硼和锶的研究

采用作者研究的ＯＰ－ 乳化剂增敏姜黄素分光光度法测定海水中的溶解硼,用ＩＣＰ－ ＡＥＳ法测定海水中的溶解锶。发现在杭州湾海水盐度５ ．５６３ ～２６ ．３９７ ,氯度３．０２２ ～１４ ．５８２ 范围内,硼浓度为０ ．６８ ～３．２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ,锶浓度为１ ．２９～５ ．８８ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｂ（ｍｇ／ｋｇ）／Ｃｌ 比值为０ ．２１９～０ ．２４５,平均值为０．２３２±０ ．００７ ,Ｓｒ（ｍｇ／ｋｇ）／Ｃｌ 比值范围为０．３９８ ～０．４４０ ,平均值为０．４１７ ±０．０１１ 。结果表明,湾内海水中的硼和锶浓度与海水盐度或氯度均有很好的线性正相关关系,丰水期与枯水期水样数据关系相同,不因采水时间不同而变化。实验数据统计回归线与理论稀释线比较后表明,湾内海水中锶与硼均具有良好保守性质;湾内海水中的硼和锶主要来自湾外潮汐输入。湾东北沿岸海水高的Ｂ／Ｃｌ比值,暗示着此处有含硼工业废水排入湾内,认为Ｂ／Ｃｌ 比可作为近岸河口海水硼污染的一种指标。杭州湾海水中未检测到硼有机络合物。     

大渡河流域地震活动特征

本文通过对大渡河流域强震和弱震活动特征的研究发现,大渡河流域的强震活动频度高、强度大,对梯级水电站的影响显著。大渡河流域内的强震大部分以丛集的方式发生,其地震丛集的强度、频度和时间间隔都比较高,而且强震丛集密集发生的地方与大渡河梯级水电站的距离较近,因此,在大渡河流域梯级水电站地震安全综合防御工作中,应充分考虑强震丛集的发生特征。     

“5·12”汶川8.0级地震汉源烈度异常机理的初步探讨

本文通过总结分析汉源烈度异常主要特征,初步分析了导致烈度异常的可能原因。初步研究结果表明,“5·12”汶川8．0级地震震源过程及其能量释放空间分布和场地条件是导致汉源烈度异常的主要因素,同时莫霍界面反射波S11断层破裂带的阻震及激震效应等,也可能是汉源烈度的影响因素。探索汉源烈度异常对总结特大地震烈度分布、震害特征和成灾机理具有重要意义。为此作者提出,应在震害特征总结提炼的基础上,考虑震源机制、地壳介质、场地非线性等因素,对汉源烈度异常区进行全面的数值模拟,进一步确定汉源地震烈度异常的机理。     

面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像湿地信息分层提取

针对湿地的类型多样和光谱特征不确定性,在高分辨遥感影像上可人工目视判读,而自动化解译困难。文章在面向对象技术支持下,提出了多特征融合的高分辨率遥感数据湿地信息分层提取。该方法首先通过面向对象分割技术转象元为基元,实现光谱相似象元的聚类;然后分析湿地景观格局依存关系和不同类型湿地的提取难以程度,决定提取的先后顺序;再挖掘不同类型湿地的光谱、空间形态、空间分布和空间关系等多种属性特征;最后通过分层分类,由易到难,融入空间知识,逐层构建规则集,实现高分辨率遥感影像湿地信息自动监测。通过高空间分辨率Quickbird卫星数据对玛纳斯国家湿地公园区进行遥感监测。试验结果表明：该方法能够快速实现区域范围内湿地信息自动识别和快速提取,总体分类精度达到了87.5%,Kappa系数超过0.83,基本满足应用的需求,可为同行领域应用提供技术参考。