软岩非线性蠕变损伤模型及其试验研究

为了反映软岩蠕变全过程,进行红层泥岩蠕变力学试验,试验发现弹性模量随时间的增长而逐渐衰减,黏滞系数在应力恒定且并未达到屈服应力的情况下,随时间的增长而逐渐增大。因此认为传统理论流变力学中的蠕变损伤处理方法不适用于将黏滞系数进行损伤演化,故引入分数阶微积分来描述软岩蠕变的黏弹性和黏塑性应变。通过构建一个考虑蠕变时效损伤的弹性体,并将其与基于分数阶微积分的黏滞和黏塑性体进行串联,从而建立一个新的非线性蠕变损伤模型。依据红层泥岩和相关文献中冻结软岩及红砂岩的蠕变试验数据,通过该软岩蠕变损伤模型对其进行辨识,充分显示出所建模型的合理性和适用性。     

北极东北航道自然环境风险区划——以俄罗斯北部海域为例

在全球变暖背景下,针对北极海冰融化和东北航道开通的航行风险问题,采用风险评估理论,利用海冰密度、风速、能见度、气温和高程等指标数据,构建风险指标体系,开展了对北极东北航道主要航段自然环境危险性风险(以下简称综合风险)的评估与区划等工作,讨论各指标因子对综合风险的贡献度,得到如下结果:1)经验上来看,北极东北航道适宜通航的月份为7~10月,从风险量化角度分析得出东北航道7~10月自然环境风险较其它月份低,对经验结论进行了验证。2)研究区综合风险分布为"东高西低",即巴伦支海的综合风险较低,咯拉海、拉普捷夫海和东西伯利亚海风险较高。3)可通航月内(7~10月),9月份综合风险最低,其次是8、7月份,10月份综合风险最高。4)除去个别年份(2008和2009年),研究区在2004~2015年综合风险呈现下降趋势,2015年达到最低值。5)敏感性分析得:海冰对综合风险的贡献度最大;风速、水深次之;气温对综合风险贡献最小。     

Study on Wave Dissipation of the Structure Combined by Baffle and Submerged Breakwater

This paper proposes a structure combined by baffle and submerged breakwater (abbreviated to SCBSB in the following texts). Such a combined structure is conducive to the water exchange in the harbor, and has strong capability on wave dissipation. Our paper focuses on the discussion of two typical structures, i.e., the submerged baffle and rectangular breakwater combined with the upper baffle respectively, which are named as SCBSB1 and SCBSB2 for short. The eigenfunction method corrected by experimental results is used to investigate the wave dissipation characteristics. It shows that the calculated results agree well with the experimental data and the minimum value of the wave transmission coefficient can be obtained when the distance between the front and rear structures is from 1/4 to 1/2 of the incident wave length.     

吉林省舒兰市长安堡钼(铜)矿床成矿岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义

为查明吉中地区典型斑岩型矿床矿化特征及成矿规律,对长安堡铜钼矿床地质特征和成矿岩体进行了研究.该矿床成矿岩体为黑云母二长花岗岩.岩石主量、微量及稀土元素组成特征为：高硅,全碱含量不高,富钾,Al₂O₃含量较高,TiO₂含量较低,贫Y和Yb,相对富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,而高场强元素（HFSE）、重稀土元素含量（RREE）相对较低,具负Eu异常,（La/Yb）_N值较高,2件未蚀变样品具有较低的（Rb/La）_N值,与我国东北部地区岛弧钙碱性火成岩地球化学特征基本一致.     

纯化油田湖相滩坝薄储层含油性差异及控制因素

纯化油田滩坝储层岩性复杂,泥岩、砂岩和碳酸盐岩呈薄层状频繁互层,不同储层的物性差异明显。综合运用岩心、测井、扫描电镜、物性实验和生产动态等资料,对储层含油性差异及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明:研究区发育坝、砂质滩、颗粒滩、泥晶滩及浅湖泥5种微相,物源、成岩作用、沉积微相和储层厚度均对储层含油性有控制作用。优质储层在垂向上有分层性,纯上砂层组砂岩储层优于纯下砂层组碳酸盐岩储层,其中成岩作用改造作用明显,钙质胶结使砂岩物性变差,溶蚀作用使鲕粒灰岩孔渗性优于泥晶灰岩;平面上有分区性,与沉积微相密切相关,坝、砂质滩最好,颗粒滩次之,泥晶滩最差;同一相带内又受储层厚度影响,厚度越大产油越好。     

磁芯感应线圈传感器综述

回顾了地球物理领域应用广泛的磁芯感应线圈传感器.详细介绍了它的工作原理;给出了详细的设计公式和步骤;分析了三种形式的磁芯损耗,表明了材料是影响传感器性能的主要因素之一,比较了铁氧体、坡莫合金和无定形材料三种材料的不同特点;分析了传感器频率特性及频率补偿电路对频率特性的改善;介绍了两种不同的输出信号处理方法;指出了磁芯线圈传感器的设计难点在于磁芯的制造工艺和绕线方法;标定是传感器研制的一个关键步骤,标定对环境要求极高,需要在磁屏蔽室内进行,介绍了中国地震局地球物理研究所的大型磁屏蔽室结构;地磁场的补偿是标定系统的一个难点,一般采用一个单独的参考磁力仪对地磁场进行补偿.     

基于磁通门秒值数据的地震ULF磁场可靠信息提取研究

利用磁通门观测数据进行分析,结果表明与周期在几分钟到几小时的极化值一样,5~100 s的磁场极化值Yzh同样具有年变化规律,因此简单的依据极化值Yzh由低值向高值的变化判断是否存在震前电磁辐射异常存在很大的风险。为此,分析了采用富氏拟合技术消除半年以上变化周期的Yzh与台站周边地区地震的关系,表明极化值Yzh高值与其后2个月内台站周边地区地震有很好的对应关系,且大部分地震都发生在1个月内。分析还表明Yzh高值异常持续时间一般为3~5 d,与外空磁场剧烈活动没有关系;单纯采用夜间观测数据不及采用全天观测数据的效果。     

深埋圆形隧道弹塑性位移统一解及其比较分析

基于统一强度理论和非关联线性流动法则,考虑塑性区的真实弹性应变,推导了深埋圆形隧道弹塑性位移统一解。位移统一解合理地考虑了中间主应力效应和围岩剪胀特性的影响,具有广泛的理论意义。经与文献简化位移解析解比较分析知,围岩塑性区的弹性应变对隧道位移影响显著,简化解析解所得结果偏小,简化解析解和文中统一解之间的差异与中间主应力效应和围岩剪胀特性密切相关;考虑中间主应力的影响,能更加充分发挥围岩的强度潜能;隧道支护设计应考虑围岩剪胀特性的重要影响     

Composition, spatial distribution, and environmental significance of water ions in Pumayum Co catchment, southern Tibet

The chemistry of major cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and K+) and anions (HCO3 ?, SO4 2?, and Cl?) in the water of Lake Pumayum Co and its inflow river was studied, revealing the obvious ionic difference among various inflow rivers and the lake. The chemical type of the lake water was Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3 ?-SO4 2+, but the major ions of the main inflow rivers were Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3 ?. In the lake inlet of Jiaqu River, the main inflow river, there was significant variance of water chemistry within the depth less than 2 m. However, it was almost homogeneous at other area of the lake. Therefore, with the evidence of distribution of water chemistry and oxygen isotope of lake water, a conclusion can be outlined that Jiaqu River had a distinct effect on the hydrochemistry of the water on the submerged delta, whereas this is not the case for other rivers. The Gibbs plot revealed that the dominant mechanism responsible for controlling chemical compositions of the lake water was rocks weathering in the drainage area. Ion ratios and ternary plots further explored the main processes controlling the water chemistry of the catchment, i.e., carbonate weathering, pyrite weathering, and silicate weathering. The different hydrochemistry characteristics between river water and lake water may result from the CaCO3 precipitation. The findings will benefit the explanation of the environmental significance of carbonate in paleolimnological studies in the lake.     

Heat flow and its coalbed gas effects in the central-south area of the Huaibei coalfield, eastern China

Based on an analysis of the present geo-temperature field and the thermal conductivity (K) of 62 samples from the central-south area of the Huaibei coalfield in eastern China, we calculated the heat flow and plotted its distribution map. The results show that the average heat flow in the research area is about 60 mW/m2. It is different from other major energy basins in the North China Plate, but has close relationship with the regional geology and the deep geological setting. The heat flow is comparatively ...