太原市地表热环境时空格局分析

针对鲜有资源型城市的地表热环境研究这一情况,该文基于Landsat8遥感数据,反演了太原市在2013—2015年间共3期的地表温度。提出一个考虑空间格局结构的城市热岛效应指数,在3期数据中,太原市区整体热岛效应指数分别为9.1%、9.8%和8.9%;同时,根据城市功能和路网结构将太原市区划分为6个分区,从分区级层面量化分析了地表热环境的时空分异特征规律,结果表明,太原市区地表温度整体呈现空间分散化特征,不同分区也呈现出不同的时空格局演变过程;最后,选取40个地表温度实测样本点验证反演精度,最大误差绝对值为1.1℃,最小误差绝对值为0.2℃,均方根误差为0.7℃。     

中心内缩综合元的水深自动综合模型

针对水深自动综合问题,该文在满足水深综合的特殊要求并保持综合前后水深分布空间一致性的基础上,利用Voronoi图工具,采用定性和定量分析方法,建立了相应的综合规则和控制流程,设计了一种中心内缩综合元的水深自动综合模型,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该模型可以在保证水深综合质量的前提下,实现流程的自动化。     

Magnetic Influences of Cement Dust on Soil in Industrial Area and Its Environmental Implications

To monitor environmental implications of cement dust on soil in industrial area, magnetic parameters and mineral compositions were measured by the samples of the cement dust, cement factory dustfall, cement, coal ash, topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory. Results showed that the major magnetic minerals in the samples were magnetite, the magnetic mineral particle size of cement dust, dustfall, cement and coal ash was coarse Multi-Domian (MD) and Pseudo-Single-Domain (PSD). As topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory were polluted by cement dust, their magnetic properties had been obviously changed; the concentration of magnetic minerals elevated and particle size became coarser. The magnetic parameters (χ_fd,χ_ARM/χ,χ_ARM/SIRM) value can reflect the pollution level of the soil, the lower its value was, the more serious soil was polluted. X-ray diffraction results showed that the mineral compositions of the topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory were quartz and calcite, which were the same as cement dust. Magnetic parameters combination characteristics of topsoil can monitor the soil environmental changes in cement industry area.     

基于ArcGIS和SketchUp的江西奥体中心三维建模设计

以江西省奥林匹克体育中心(以下简称江西奥体中心)为例,基于ArcGIS及SketchUp技术提出了一种快速的三维场景构建方法,来实现江西奥体中心三维场景动态漫游,为奥体中心提供更人性化的服务规划提供全新的技术支持。     

Identifying the determinants of access to agricultural credit in Southern Punjab of Pakistan

Based on the survey data of 250 farmers from the Multan district of Southern region of Punjab, Pakistan this study aims to empirically examine the determinants of access to agricultural credit. This study used the probit model to analyze the data. The results revealed that formal education, farm size, level of farm mechanization, farm revenue and landholding size positively and significantly influenced access to agricultural credit while the age of the farmer’s, distance, and off- farm income negatively and insignificantly influenced farmer’s accessibility to agricultural credit. The findings of the current study offer a policy guideline to streamline national policy on agricultural finance. This study also recommends that ZaraiTaraqiati Bank (ZTBL) and other Commercial Banks should improve their agricultural credit schemes to fulfil the diversified needs of small farm holders.

     

综论土壤呼吸各组分区分方法

研究土壤呼吸各个组分对土壤总呼吸的贡献是定量评价植物和土壤碳平衡及能量平衡的 重要基础。目前区分土壤有机质分解呼吸和根呼吸的方法主要有成分综合法、壕沟法、根分离法、 林隙法、根生物量外推法、同位素法, 区分纯根呼吸和根际微生物呼吸的方法有同位素稀释法、模 拟根际沉降物法、¹⁴CO₂ 动态法、根系分泌物洗涤法、δ¹³C 微生物量法及一些非同位素法的联合。 土壤呼吸各组分区分研究中, 区分纯根呼吸和根际微生物呼吸将是未来研究的一个重大课题, 区 分方法的改进、完善和创新, 不同区分方法间的比较研究将是未来研究的一个重要方向。     

干旱生态系统净初级生产力估算及变化探测

针对中国西部干旱区特有的气候-植被特征,利用卫星遥感混合像元分解技术对干旱区植被进行了光合作用植被和非光合作用植被区分和组分解析,尝试通过对干旱覆被植被灌层结构进行解析而解决因植被区系差异和环境背景干扰的问题,并参考国际上遥感-生态模型GLO-PEM和CASA,借助遥感生态反演的物理分析,初步构建起基于遥感与生态过程的干旱区适用的光能利用率模型NPP-PEM,并以中国西部干旱区喀什地区叶尔羌-喀什噶尔河流域山地-绿洲-荒漠生态系统为案例,利用AVHRR/NOAA气象卫星遥感数据和气候资料估算了1992年和1998年中国西部喀什地区叶尔羌-喀什噶尔河流域山地-绿洲-荒漠生态系统1 km分辨率年净第一性生产力,并进行了变化探测分析。模拟检验结果精度较好,生态系统碳吸收的空间异质性特征明显。结果表明,考虑了干旱植被生理特征和灌层结构的光能利用模型,模拟结果较为合理,也为引入其他生态模型应用到干旱区生态系统研究提供了借鉴,从而为干旱区陆地生态系统碳循环研究开辟了途径。