大兴安岭中段塔尔气地区早白垩世花岗岩成因及形成构造环境

通过大兴安岭中段塔尔气地区三道桥和桑多尔岩体全岩地球化学、年代学和锆石Lu-Hf同位素资料,探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因、源区性质等方面问题。三道桥和桑多尔岩体分别由正长花岗岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明三道桥和桑多尔岩体均形成于早白垩世,其年龄分别为143 Ma和141 Ma。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,三道桥和桑多尔岩体均为高钾钙碱性的I型花岗岩,具有相似的岩浆源区。上述两岩体的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为正值(分别为4.9~9.3和2.1~8.1),具较年轻的二阶段Hf模式年龄(t_(DM2)=598~882 Ma,676~1 062 Ma),暗示其源于新元古代—显生宙期间新增生地壳物质的部分熔融。结合区域研究资料,认为三道桥和桑多尔岩体的形成与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的岩石圈伸展密切相关。     

Structure,Timing, and Mechanism of the Pliocene and Late Miocene Uplift Process of the Ailao Shan-Diancang Shan,SE Tibet,China

The uplift of the Ailao Shan-Diancang Shan(ASDS) along the Ailao Shan-Red River(ASRR) shear zone is an important geological event in the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tectonic domain in the Late Cenozoic,and it preserves important information on the structures,exhumational history and tectonic evolution of the ASRR shear zone.The uplift structural mode and uplift timing of the ASDS is currently an important scientific topic for understanding the ASDS formation and late stage movements and evolution of the ASRR shear zone.The formation of the ASDS has been widely considered to be the consequence of the strike-slip movements of the ASRR shear zone.However,the shaping of geomorphic units is generally direct results of the latest tectonic activities.In this study,we investigated the timing and uplift structural mechanism of the ASDS and provided the following lines of supportive evidence.Firstly,the primary tectonic foliation of the ASDS shows significant characteristic variations,with steeply dipping tectonic foliation developed on the east side of the ASDS and the relatively horizontal foliation on the west side.Secondly,from northeast to southwest direction,the deformation and metamorphism gradually weakened and this zone can be further divided into three different metamorphic degree belts.Thirdly,the contact relationship between the ASDS and the Chuxiong basin-Erhai lake is a normal fault contact which can be found on the east side of the ASDS.40Ar/39 Argeochronology suggests that the Diancang Shan had experienced a fast cooling event during 3–4 Ma.The apatite fission track testing method gives the age of 6.6–10.7 Ma in the Diancang Shan and 4.6–8.4 Ma in the Ailao Shan,respectively.Therefore the uplift of the ASDS can be explained by tilted block mode in which the east side was uplifted much higher than the west side,and it is not main reason of the shearing movements of the ASRR shear zone.The most recent uplift stages of the ASDS happened in the Pliocene(3–4 Ma) and Late Miocene(6–10 Ma).     

昆仑造山带二叠纪岩相古地理特征及盆山转换探讨

昆仑造山带基本构造-地层格架主要奠基于古生代,是早古生代和晚古生代多次洋陆转换、碰撞造山的结果。早中二叠世是晚古生代昆仑多岛洋盆(昆南洋)伸展裂陷最为强烈期,海相沉积广布,昆北为活动边缘裂谷,大部分区域为滨浅海相沉积,局部为火山盆地相沉积;昆中洋岛大部分为海水淹没,发育滨浅海相沉积;康西瓦—木孜塔格—阿尼玛卿一线及其以北昆南区为深海-半深海相沉积。早中二叠世总体表现为南深北浅的多岛小洋盆构造-古地理格局。中二叠世晚期昆仑地区发生了一次显著的汇聚作用(华力西运动),洋盆和活动大陆边缘裂谷闭合,隆升遭受剥蚀,完成了一次盆山转换。晚二叠世早期,大部分地区仍为剥蚀区,局部地区形成陆相红色碎屑岩建造,其后东昆仑东部海水从东南进入,西昆仑东部海水从西北进入,在较局限的区域内沉积了滨浅海相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积,进入了另一个盆山发展时期。笔者通过多年的野外观察、分析测试和综合研究,结合覆盖全区的1∶25万区域地质调查资料及其他前人研究成果,选择昆仑造山带晚古生代盆山转换关键时期——二叠纪,对其地层、岩相特征及构造古地理环境进行研究,并探讨了其构造演化,以期对提高昆仑造山带的研究水平和指导找矿工作有所禆益。     

流变学:构造地质学和地球动力学的支柱学科

地球是一动态系统,其各层圈的构造运动归根到底就是多矿物复合岩石在各种物理条件(例如,温度、围压、差应力、应变速率、应变方式等)下和化学环境(例如,氧逸度和水含量)中的形变。流变学作为研究岩石力学性质和变形行为的科学,现已成为地球动力学和构造地质学的支柱学科。本文对国际上近年来岩石流变学的最新进展做些扼要的介绍,呼吁中国固体地学界加强流变学的研究,做出经得起时间淘洗、实践检验的原创性成果来,使中国的构造地质学研究迈进国际先进的行列。     

Formation and Distribution of Deep High Quality Reservoirs of Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Northern Slope of the Tazhong Area in Tarim Basin

塔中地区是塔里木盆地的重点勘探区域,奥陶系鹰山组蕴藏了丰富的油气资源.鹰山组发育大套台地相碳酸盐岩,以高能相的台内滩沉积为主.鹰山组埋藏较深,但岩溶储层呈大面积厚层状分布.早奥陶世塔中Ⅰ号断裂使得塔中隆起隆升并遭受强烈剥蚀形成下奥陶统鹰山组顶部风化壳,以孔洞型和裂缝-孔洞型储层为主.通过古地貌恢复、地震属性分析和地震测井联合波阻抗反演技术和方法识别溶洞发育带和断层裂缝发育带,确定出有利储层的分布范围.研究认为,岩性岩相是岩溶型储层发育的重要基础,层间岩溶控制了储层的成层性和横向展布规模,断裂和裂缝网络是岩溶水的主要渗滤通道,埋藏岩溶形成大量有效的缝洞空间,极大地提高了储集性能.研究发现,优质储层主要分布在鹰山组顶面以下120 m地层厚度范围内,横向有一定连通性,在断层、构造裂缝和溶蚀作用下形成统一的储集体,呈准层状展布.     

基于气候重建资料及均生函数-最优子集回归模型的降水预测

利用由科尔沁沙地榆树区域综合年表而重建的181a降水序列,采用均生函数-最优子集回归(MGF-OSR)预测模型对科尔沁沙地降水进行了5a情景的预测,克服了以往序列短的不足.模型建模期相对误差绝对值在3％、5％、10％以内的年数分别占建模年数的36.46％、64.64％、93.37％,建模期模拟精度较高.2007～2010年实测检验期,模拟与实测值保持了方向一致性,各年份相对误差绝对值分别为11.40％、6.73％、22.06％、5.49％,大部分年份预测较理想.经预测,2011～2015年期间,2011年、2012年、2014年和2015年为降水正常年份,2013年为降水偏干年份.与实际情况对比,2011年与预测一致,2012年稍有差别.总体上,2011～2015年降水变化较为平缓.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000508

This paper presents the results of a set of numerical models focussing on structural controls on hydrothermal mineralization.We first give an overview of natural phenomena of structurally-controlled ore formation and the background theory and mechanisms for such controls. We then provide the results of a group of simple 2D numerical models validated through comparison with Cu-vein structure observed near the Shilu Copper deposit(Yangchun,Guangdong Province, China) and finally a case study of 3D numerical modelling applied to the Hodgkinson Province in North Queensland(Australia).Two modelling approaches,discrete deformation modelling and continuum coupled deformation and fluid flow modelling,are involved.The 2D model-derived patterns are remarkably consistent with the Cu-vein structure from the Shilu Copper deposit,and show that both modelling approaches can realistically simulate the mechanical behaviours of shear and dilatant fractures.The continuum coupled deformation and fluid flow model indicates that pattern of the Cuveins near the Shilu deposit is the result of shear strain localization,development of dilation and fluid focussing into the dilatant fracture segments.The 3D case-study models(with deformation and fluid flow coupling) on the Hodgkinson Province generated a number of potential gold mineralization targets.     

New Materials of the Shanita-Hemigordius Assemblage (Permian Foraminifers) from the Baoshan Block, Western Yunnan

Fossil materials of Shanita and Hemigordius from a section northeast of the Woniusi (the Woniu Temple) of Baoshan, western Yunnan are described and figured in this paper. Field investigation indicates that fossils of these two foraminifer genera are extremely abundant and form a typical Shanita-Hemigordius assemblage in the so-called "Cracked Limestone" in the Baoshan area. Preliminary study has revealed that the features of this assemblage, which includes Shanita amosi, S. chagouensis, Hemigordius renzi and H. biconcavus, are similar not only to the Shanita fauna previously reported from the Shazipo Formation in the Zhengkang area, west Yunnan, but also to those from the Permian of Burma, Thailand, Iran and Turkey.     

Largest Toothed Pterosaur Skull from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning,China, with Comments on the Family Boreopteridae

A new pterosaur Moganopterus zhuiana gen. et sp. nov. is erected based on a complete skull with lower jaws and anterior cervical vertebrae. It is characterized by much elongated upper and lower jaws with at least 62 total, long, curved teeth with sharp tips, a well developed parietal crest extending posterodorsally, forming an angle of 15 degrees with the ventral margin of the skull, the ratio of length to width of cervical vertebrae greater than 5:1. The skull length is 750 mm, and it is the largest toothed pterosaur found so far in the world. Based on this new pterosaur, the Boreopteridae can be divided into two subgroups: Boreopterinae sub-fam. nov. and Moganopterinae sub-fam. nov., which is also confirmed by the phylogenetic analysis.     

低温泡沫钻进技术在漠河盆地冻土井工程的试验研究

低温泡沫钻进技术除了具有岩心采取率高、钻进效率高和孔内事故少的特点之外,还具有低导热性、低热容量及对钻井孔壁的热干扰小等特点。低温泡沫系统由空压机、泡沫液罐、热交换器、泡沫发生器和参数监测系统组成。通过对泡沫液和空气制冷后,经发泡器混合后可获得低温泡沫。利用低温泡沫作为冲洗介质进行取心钻进,孔内返出的泡沫经消泡后,可再次循环利用。该技术在漠河盆地冻土井工程中进行了应用,经试验数据分析,低温泡沫对冻土层温度的影响极小,岩心采取率高,满足冻土层取心钻进工作的要求。