基于TM影像的水体透明度反演模型——以鄱阳湖国家自然保护区为例

以江西鄱阳湖国家自然保护区为例,研究基于Landsat TM 5影像的水体透明度反演模型.结合6个时期的影像与对应的13个实测塞氏盘深度(SDD)数据建立了SDD的自然对数变换值与蓝、红波段的自然对数变换值的线性组合之间的回归模型,即ln(SDD)=-4.016-0.722ln(blue)-0.587ln(red).此模型能够解释88%的水体透明度变化.利用另外12个样点进行模型的检验.检验结果显示实际量测值与模型反演值之间的相关系数为0.93,误差标准差等于0.22 m.因此我们认为此模型获得了可以接受的结果.     

川西攀枝花—西昌地区结晶基底的划分

长期以来,由于同位素年龄依据不足和没有正确区分晚二叠世热接触变质岩、喜马拉雅期动力变质岩与前震旦纪区域变质岩,攀西地区结晶基底的划分存在许多困难和问题。本文依据1：50000区域地质调查结果,将原仁和群(Pt1R)修改为晚二叠世岩浆岩和喜马拉雅期动力变质岩,将五马箐(岩)组(Pt1w)和顶针杂岩(Pt1D)修改为晚二叠世热接触变质岩和喜马拉雅期动力变质岩,将安宁村组(Ptlα)和纸房沟组(Pt1z)修改为震旦系地层,并依据岩石学、岩石化学和微量元素地球化学特征,将结晶基底划分为变质侵入体、变质表壳岩和TTG套岩,论述了结晶基底的成因和演化。     

城市点云的区域生长三角网构建方法

成熟的倾斜摄影测量及密集匹配技术可获取密集的城市点云,对点云进行三角网构建是真三维建模的关键技术之一。提出了基于区域生长的三角网构建方法,使用双约束条件提高点云的搜索效率,基于点边表数据结构进行网格生长,利用夹角约束和三角形孔洞修补优化网格。实验证明,该方法获取的三角网能够准确地表达楼体、桥状建筑等在内的城市实体,网格优化后的孔洞比例约为1‰并且该方法具有一定的抗噪能力。     

加强矿业供给侧结构性改革的初步思考

当前我国正处经济增速减缓的新常态,供给侧结构性改革应运而生。我国乃至世界的矿业更是处于发展的严冬之季,产能严重过剩,大宗商品价格持续走低。在当前形势下,我们要用新常态眼光看待矿业未来发展之路,因地制宜,着力加强供给侧改革,刻不容缓。     

不动产统一登记信息平台建设探讨

不动产统一登记信息平台的建立是不动产统一登记工作实现信息实时更新和共享的基础。以构建不动产统一登记信息平台为主线,提出了以土地为核心的不动产单元构建方法,构建了以不动产单元为基础的不动产权利登记体系,分析了不动产登记业务与不动产管理其他相关业务的关联。在此基础上,明晰了不动产统一登记信息平台在国土资源信息化总体框架中的定位,以徐州市为例,给出了市(县)级不动产统一登记信息平台建设的主要内容,对当前不动产统一登记信息平台的建设进行了有益的探索。     

月球典型撞击坑溅射物研究及对月球地质编图的意义

撞击坑是月表最典型的地质单元,其溅射物作为撞击坑的坑外组成部分可分布到距离坑中心10个直径距离之外的区域,因此撞击溅射物也是月球地质编图中最重要的表达要素之一。本文使用月球勘测轨道器(LRO)的激光高度计(LOLA)数据、广角相机(WAC)影像、窄角相机(NAC)影像以及Clementine的UVVIS多光谱数据,研究了哥白尼纪正面月海区直径31km的Kepler撞击坑和背面月陆区直径30km的Necho撞击坑。哥白尼纪撞击坑溅射沉积物可以分为三个相:连续溅射沉积相(CE)、不连续溅射沉积相(DE)和辐射纹(CR)。连续溅射沉积相分布在最大约2.6个半径范围之内,不连续溅射沉积相分布在最大近11个半径范围之内,辐射纹分布在最大近29个半径范围之内。本文强调了多源数据结合在识别撞击坑溅射沉积物中的作用,对Kepler坑和Necho坑溅射沉积物进行了填图,不对称分布的特征表明这两个坑可能形成于倾斜撞击。     

Status of Stratigraphy Research in China

Scientific research and productive practice for earth history are inseparable from the accurate stratigraphic framework and time framework. Establishing the globally unified, precise and reliable chronostratigraphic series and geological time series is the major goal of the International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS). Under the leadership of the ICS, the countries around the world have carried out research on the Global Standard Stratotype-section and Points(GSSPs) for the boundaries of chronostratigraphic systems. In the current International Chronostratigraphic Chart(ICC), 65 GSSPs have been erected in the Phanerozoic Eonothem, and one has yet been erected in the Precambrian Eonothem. Based on the progress of research on stratigraphy especially that from its subcommissions, the ICS is constantly revising the ICC, and will publish a new International Stratigraphic Guide in 2020. After continual efforts and broad international cooperation of Chinese stratigraphers, 10 GSSPs within the Phanerozoic Eonothem have been approved and ratified to erect in China by the ICS and IUGS. To establish the standards for stratigraphic division and correlation of China, with the support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the China Geological Survey, Chinese stratigraphers have carried out research on the establishment of Stages in China. A total of 102 stages have been defined in the "Regional Chronostratigraphic Chart of China(geologic time)", in which 59 stages were studied in depth. In 2014, the "Stratigraphic Chart of China" was compiled, with the essential contents as follows: the correlation between international chronostratigraphy and regional chronostratigraphy of China(geologic time), the distributive status of lithostratigraphy, the characteristics of geological ages, the biostratigraphic sequence, the magnetostratigraphy, the geological events and eustatic sea-level change during every geological stage. The "Stratigraphical Guide of China and its Explanation(2014)" was also published. Chinese stratigraphers have paid much attention to stratigraphic research in south China, northeast China, north China and northwest China and they have made great achievements in special research on stratigraphy, based on the 1:1000000, 1:250000, 1:200000 and 1:50000 regional geological survey projects. Manifold new stratigraphic units were discovered and established by the regional geological surveys, which are helpful to improve the regional chronostratigraphic series of China. On the strength of the investigation in coastal and offshore areas, the status of marine strata in China has been expounded. According to the developing situation of international stratigraphy and the characteristics of Chinese stratigraphic work, the contrast relation between regional stratigraphic units of China and GSSPs will be established in the future, which will improve the application value of GSSPs and the standard of regional stratigraphic division and correlation. In addition, the study of stratigraphy of the Precambrian, terrestrial basins and orogenic belts will be strengthened, the Stratigraphic Chart of China will be improved, the typical stratigraphic sections in China will be protected and the applied study of stratigraphy in the fields of oil and gas, solid minerals, etc. will be promoted. On the ground of these actions, stratigraphic research will continue to play a great role in the social and economic development of China.     

高放废物处置库新疆阿奇山预选地段区域水文地质特征

新疆阿奇山地区是我国高放废物处置库预选地段之一。在野外调查、样品采集和测试的基础上,讨论了该地段区域水文地质特征,结果表明,阿奇山地段地下水可划分为松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水和基岩裂隙水3种类型,其单井涌水量一般10m~3/d,属于典型的低含水介质;区域地下水流向为自南东流向北西;位于吐鲁番盆地的艾丁湖一带为阿奇山地段地下水的最终排泄区。     

云南建水煌斑岩年代学和地球化学及其构造意义

华南大陆内部燕山期的岩浆事件可分为2期:燕山早期180~150 Ma,燕山晚期140~80 Ma。而处于扬子板块西南缘的滇黔贵等地,仅见有第二期晚白垩世中酸性侵入岩与相关成矿作用,缺乏第一期岩浆活动的时间记录。本文在滇东建水地区首次发现了麦地村煌斑岩,对其进行高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和主微量元素测试分析。结果显示煌斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(158.4±2.4)Ma(MSWD=4.2),为晚侏罗世的产物,补充了该区较为空白的第一期岩浆热事件。麦地村煌斑岩不相容元素明显高于原始地幔,表现出不同程度的富集,大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Ce等富集程度不明显,高场强元素中U、Ta、Pb等表现出一定程度富集,LREE相对富集,HREE相对亏损,不具有Nb-Ta-Ti负异常的俯冲型配分曲线特征,具有明显的OIB型洋岛玄武岩稀土元素配分特征,为板内伸展环境下的产物。滇东地区发育中生代时期的NNE构造,早期NNE向褶皱叠加有后期同方向正断层。早期褶皱表现为SEE-NWW挤压应力作用下的构造特征,后期断层表现出同方向张应力作用下的特征。煌斑岩正是由于该区发生挤压之后伴随着一期应力松弛调整,伸展减压作用诱发地幔物质部分融熔,来自于深处的软流圈地幔流体与岩石圈地幔发生交代作用,形成富集型地幔,交代富集的岩石圈地幔局部受热、部分熔融,发生上升侵位。煌斑岩的侵位时间即是滇东地区中生代从挤压向伸展转换的起始时间。     

Research of in-situ hydraulic test method by using double packer equipment

Double packer equipment for hydraulic test can be used to measure pressure of test zone directly, and it is frequently used to perform many kinds of hydraulic tests and take groundwater sample from borehole. The test method of this equipment mainly includes the test design, implementation, interpretation and synthetic analysis. By adopting the double packer equipment for hydraulic test, the parameter distribution of rock permeability along borehole can be acquired, as well as the connectivity, water conductivity and water bearing capacity of the disclosed structure and the chemical characteristics of the deep groundwater. It is a necessary method for the research and evaluation of the complex hypotonicity terrace site selection under geological conditions. This method is not only suitable for the geological disposal of high level radioactive waste, but also can be used in the site selection of underground facilities such as storage of petroleum and carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, it has a good application prospect in other hydrogeological investigation fields.