Behaviours of REE and Other Trace Elements During Pedological Weathering-Evidence from Chemical Leaching of Loess and Palaeosol from the Luochuan Section in Central China

The chemical leaching method is used for a systematic analysis of distribution characteristics of acid-soluble and acid-insoluble REE and other trace elements from the Luochuan loess deposits. The study shows that the acid-insoluble phase in loess and palaeosol is a stable component of old aeolian dusts and is characteristic of the provenance; the acid-soluble phase is the unstable component in the weathering pedogenic process and reflects rock-forming features after accumulation of aeolian dusts. The acid-insoluble REE and acid-soluble Sr and Pb can be used as geochemical indicators respectively to trace the provenance characteristics and the weathering pedogenic process.     

使用共轭梯度的三维电阻率正演模拟与反演

研制了利用共轭梯度松驰法的三维直流电阻率正演模拟与反演算法。在正演网络的模拟计算中，将一种用于预处理的不完全Ｃｈｏｌｅｓｋｙ分解法与稀疏矩阵程序结合起来，便可得到一种快速有效的算法。侧面和底部的边界条件用阻抗条件来标度，而阻抗条件考虑了由于电源流的一些配置而在边界上产生的电流。     

长石集合体中变形强化的流体分布及其对韧性剪切带的意义

９００℃和１．４Ｇｐａ的试验表明，细粒长石休合体中含水流体的分布从静水条件下的孤立孔隙变化到变形期间几乎完全被润湿的颗粒边界；在紧随变形作用后的退火期间孤立孔隙的分布有快复原。     

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODEL OF A WATERSHED

ChinaisoneOfthecountrieswhichsufferfromthemostserioussoilerosionintheworld,andthehillyandgullyareasof~PlateauinthemiddlereachesOftheYellowRiverarethemostseriouserosionareainChina.Inthisarea,themainerosivefactorsarerainfallandrunoff.Sometimes,thesedimentyieldinasinglefloodeventcanbe40%oftheannualsedimentload.Therefore,itisveryimPOrtanttostudytheyieldandgraphOfSedimentOfsinglefindevent.Forthispn~,thispaperiswritten.AInongsedimentmodelsforsinglefloodevent,moreandmoreattentionwaspaidtOunitse…     

ADVANCES IN MEASURING TECHNIQUES OF BED LOAD

I.m~UCrIONBedloadisthesedimentwhichmovesalongtheriverbedintheformofrolling,slidingandsaltation.BedloadmaycreatemanyproblemsintheoperationandmaintenanceofnavigationchannelandinthedevelOPmentofhydroelectricity.Dataofbedloaddischargearealsorequiredinthedesignofreservoir,inwhichtheinflowbedloadareallactuallytrapped.Thewaysofbedloadmotionaredifferentfordifferentsizes.Thus,itisextremelydifficulttodeterminethebedloaddischargeaccurately.Manyequationshavebeenproposedtocalculatethebedloaddischarge.H…     

RILL EROSION PROCESS ON STEEP SLOPE LAND OF THE LOESS PLATEAU

IntheLoessPlateau,alongtheslopelengthfromthetoptothebottom,soilerosionischaracterizedbyobviousverticalzonaldivision,thatis,sheeterosionzone,sheeterosionandrillerosionzone,rillerosionandshallowgullyerosionzoneandgullyerosionzone.Inthesheetandrillero..sionzone,rillerosionamounttakesup70%ofthetotalsoilloss[TANGKenetal.,1983,ZHENGFenlietal.,19871;intherillandshallowgullyerosionzone,rillerosionamountaccountsfor30--40%ofthetotalsoilloss.Sorillerosionisamajorerosionpatternonsteepslopeland.Riller…     

金沉淀的一个可能机理——歧化反应

实验结果指出,在温度小于200℃的本实验条件下,金的溶解种类主要是AuCl_2~-和AuCl_4~-,AuCl_2~-.和AuCl_4~-的关系可用歧化反应式表示为3AuCl_2~-=2Au(s) AuCl_4~- 2Cl~-高的AuCl_2~-浓度有利于(1)式向右进行,logK_1随温度的升高而降低,讨论了通过歧化反应机理形成金矿床的可能性.     

马厂箐铜矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体He-Ar同位素体系

对马厂箐斑岩型铜矿黄铁矿中流体包裹体的氦、氩同位素研究表明,在~3He/~(36)Ar-~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar和~(40)Ar/~4He-Rc/Ra空间,流体包裹体的氦.氩同位素组成呈明显的正相关.由这种相关性确定出,成矿流体为地壳和地幔两个端元流体的混合物.其中,前者为富含地壳氦但具空气氩同位素组成特征、贫硫和碳等挥发份的大气成因低温地下水,后者为由形成马厂箐富碱斑岩体之壳慢混合岩浆分异出的富含硫和碳等挥发份的高温岩浆流体.     

近5ka温度的金川泥炭δ~(18)O记录

根据吉林金川泥炭纤维素20a分辨率的氧同位素组成时间序列及其与有关文献资料对比,论述了中国东部过去5000a历史时期温度的变化过程,提供了大暖期、新冰期、中世纪温暖期和小冰期在该区存在的δ~(18)O证据;揭示了在约4590～3600 aBP期间存在1次大幅度自然升温过程,并讨论了此气候自然变暖对干旱、陆地植被和文明发展的影响.     

地球科学与全球社会——对《Geosciences and Human Society》一书评介

适值第30届国际地质大会十分成功地在北京召开之际,三个卓越的中国地球科学家,赵逊、银剑钊和杨岳清发表了一本新书——《Geosciences and Human Society》(《地质科学与人类社会》,地质出版社,北京,中国)。应该说,这本书是作者们早期有关学术观点之一的总结,即:在自然资源开发与环境保护之间找到一个平衡点。当然,就象一个硬币具有不同的两面一样,自然资源开发和环境保护这一命题是十分复杂的,它受控于多种因素,如自然条件、社会形