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91.
Climatic regime shift and decadal anomalous events in China 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Climatic time series from historical documents and instrumental records from China showed temporal and regional patterns in
the last two to three centuries, including two multidecadal oscillations at quasi-20-year and quasi-70-year timescales revealed
by signal analysis from wavelet transform. Climatic anomalous events on the decadal timescale were identified based on the
two oscillations when their positive (or negative) phases coincide with each other to amplify amplitude. The coldest event
occurred in the decade of 1965–1975 in eastern China, while the periods of 1920–1930, 1940–1950, and 1988–2000 appeared to
be warmer in most parts of China. For the precipitation series in northern China, the dry anomalous event was found in the
late 1920s, while the wet anomalous event occurred in the 1950s. A severe drought in 1927–1929 in northern China coincided
with the anomalous warm and dry decade, caused large-scale famine in nine provinces over northern China. Climatic anomalous
events with a warm-dry or cold-wet association in the physical climate system would potentially cause severe negative impacts
on natural ecosystem in the key vulnerable region over northern China. The spatial pattern of summer rainfall anomalies in
the eastern China monsoon region showed an opposite variations in phase between the Yellow River Valley (North China) and
the mid-low Yangtze River Valley as well as accompanied the shift of the northernmost monsoon boundary. Climatic regime shifts
for different time points in the last 200 years were identified. In North China, transitions from dry to wet periods occurred
around 1800, 1875, and 1940 while the transitions from wet to dry periods appeared around 1840, 1910, and the late 1970s.
The reversal transition in these time points can also be found in the lower Yangtze River. Climatic regime shifts in China
were linked to the interaction of mid- and low latitude atmospheric circulations (the westerly flow and the monsoon flow)
when they cross the Tibetan Plateau in East Asia. 相似文献
92.
Mass and energy fluxes between the atmosphere and vegetation are driven by meteorological variables, and controlled by plant
water status, which may change more markedly diurnally than soil water. We tested the hypothesis that integration of dynamic
changes in leaf water potential may improve the simulation of CO2 and water fluxes over a wheat canopy. Simulation of leaf water potential was integrated into a comprehensive model (the ChinaAgrosys)
of heat, water and CO2 fluxes and crop growth. Photosynthesis from individual leaves was integrated to the canopy by taking into consideration the
attenuation of radiation when penetrating the canopy. Transpiration was calculated with the Shuttleworth-Wallace model in
which canopy resistance was taken as a link between energy balance and physiological regulation. A revised version of the
Ball-Woodrow-Berry stomatal model was applied to produce a new canopy resistance model, which was validated against measured
CO2 and water vapour fluxes over winter wheat fields in Yucheng (36°57′ N, 116°36′ E, 28 m above sea level) in the North China
Plain during 1997, 2001 and 2004. Leaf water potential played an important role in causing stomatal conductance to fall at
midday, which caused diurnal changes in photosynthesis and transpiration. Changes in soil water potential were less important.
Inclusion of the dynamics of leaf water potential can improve the precision of the simulation of CO2 and water vapour fluxes, especially in the afternoon under water stress conditions. 相似文献
93.
太湖梅梁湾水土界面反硝化和厌氧氨氧化 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:15
运用无扰动芯样实验室内流动培养、稳定同位素示踪、同位紊气态产物测定及同位素配对技术,对太湖梅梁湾北部到南部的4个梯度样点的水土界面反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率进行研究.结果表明,梅梁湾内及湾外开敞湖区4个样点的水土界面反硝化脱氮速率为(46.36±13.26)-(16.34±22,74)μmol/(m~2·h),厌氧氨氧化脱氮速率为(7.50±2.21)-(2.05±2.90)~mol/(m~2.b).梅梁湾北部河口区水土界面总脱氮能力明显高于梅梁湾南部及开敞湖区.通过对脱氮过程的进一步研究发现.北部脱氮过程主要以上覆水硝酸盐为底物的非耦合反硝化过程(D_w)为优势过程,而梅梁湾外开敞湖区则以沉积物硝化过程耦合控制的反硝化(D_n)为主.影响D_n、D_w在反硝化中比重的主要因素是沉积物溶氧侵蚀深度和上覆水NO_3~-.浓度的差异;梅梁湾厌氧氨氧化脱氮比例占总脱氮比例为12%-14%,湾外开敞湖区则占11%,影响其比例差异的主要因子是反硝化强度的大小及其反硝化中间产物--亚硝酸盐含量的差异. 相似文献
94.
长江下游仪征河段处于枯季潮流界的上边界,揭示其汊道分流属性及滩槽联动演变机制,对河势控制工程及深水航道工程实践具有重要意义.本研究收集了1955—2021年水文泥沙及地形等资料,在汊道分流关系及调整成因上:世业洲右汊的分流属性为枯水倾向型汊道,即低流量时期分流比大于高流量时期;1959—2021年期间,世业洲右汊分流比经历了“稳定-下降-上升”的调整过程,上游河段滩槽格局调整及流域来沙减少引起的汊道间不均衡冲刷是分流关系调整的主因;流域流量过程调整、河道崩岸等综合影响引起1959—2017年期间世业洲右汊分流比为减小态势,航道工程实施起到了调控汊道关系的功能,世业洲右汊分流比为增加态势.在滩槽联动演变关系上:仪征河段进口段以展宽为主,世业洲左汊展宽程度大于右汊,左汊河床形态变化与进口段滩槽形态的一致性关系优于右汊,即上游进口段滩槽演变、流域来沙量减少等综合作用会加速了左汊发展;2015年南京以下12.5 m深水航道二期工程建设以来,工程区域淤积且洲体完整性增强,且深槽冲刷及河槽容积增大,表明航道工程已实现汊道分流关系及滩槽调控的功能. 相似文献
95.
96.
Many projects have recently been carried out and proposed for observing high energy electrons since it is realized that cosmic ray electrons are very important when study-ing the dark matter particles and the acceleration mechanism of cosmic rays. An imaging calorimeter,BETS (Balloon-borne Electron Telescope with Scintillator fiber),has been de-veloped for this purpose. Using pattern analysis of the shower development,the electrons can be selected from those primary cosmic ray proton events with flux heights one-tenth that of the electrons. The Monte-Carlo simulation is indispensable for the instrument design,the sig-nal trigger and the data analysis. We present different shower simulation codes and compare the simulation results with the beam test and the flight data of BETS. We conclude that the code FLUKA2002 gives the most consistent results with the experimental data. 相似文献
97.
���ʻ���̽��ƻ���չ���й������������������ƻ��о� 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????SGG-Doppler??VLBI???????????????????????????й???????????????????????????????SGG-Doppler-VLBI???????????????????????? 相似文献
98.
自20世纪60年代初以来,地理信息系统引领了地理信息的分析与服务。然而,由于地理学家对于地理过程开展多维模拟的需求,同时许多大型工程需要对于不同方案的后果事先开展模拟评估,为此中国学者们在世纪相交之际开始了对于虚拟地理环境的探索。本文从地理信息系统到虚拟地理环境的认识上的转变着手,分析了虚拟地理环境的演进过程、当前的阶段定位与挑战,着重探讨了虚拟地理环境研究的新态势:基于虚拟地理环境的地理空间认知研究、虚拟地理环境与实验地理学新方向、大数据背景下的虚拟地理认知实验方法和虚拟地理环境与地理知识工程,并给出最新研究思路。 相似文献
99.
中国南方页岩气勘查区块多为勘探新区,仅部署少量二维地震和地质钻井,且资料品质普遍较差,页岩气储层预测很难像成熟勘探区一样开展系统性研究工作,如何对现有数据进行充分挖掘是解决勘探新区页岩气储层预测的关键。为此,综合利用不依赖初始模型的叠后约束稀疏脉冲反演方法和多种频率类属性分析技术,开展页岩气有利储层预测。地震反演能够获得多种参数参与储层预测,属性分析能够从多种角度识别储层,通过多种信息综合应用和叠合分析以提高储层预测精确性和有效性,为新区页岩气勘探提供了一种新的思路。该项技术应用于南方某区块,圈定了页岩气的有利目标区,在该区部署的两口水平井均获得高产工业气流。 相似文献
100.
班公湖-怒江缝合带是国内外备受关注的特提斯构造域的重要组成部分,可为恢复和反演特提斯洋构造演化提供重要依据。对南羌塘地块南缘洞错地区晚白垩世花岗闪长斑岩进行了详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和Lu-Hf同位素研究。锆石U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素研究结果显示,该花岗闪长斑岩形成时代为74.1±1.1 Ma,εHf(t)值为4.5~6.9。全岩地球化学特征显示,其为高钾钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素,轻重稀土元素分馏较强,具弱负Eu异常;富集Rb、Th、U、K和Pb,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、La、Ce、P和Ti。该花岗闪长斑岩为加厚新生下地壳部分熔融的产物。在综合区域最新研究成果的基础上,认为该花岗闪长斑岩形成于后碰撞环境,为班公湖-怒江洋闭合后岩石圈拆沉的产物。 相似文献