辽宁清河断裂以北新太古代变质表壳岩的发现及其地质意义

通过详实的地质填图,在辽宁开原地区清河断裂以北新发现一套变质表壳岩组合,主要岩性为斜长角闪岩、黑云角闪斜长变粒岩、黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、浅粒岩及角闪石岩的岩石组合,与红透山岩组基本可以对比。岩石地球化学特征表明,其原岩主要为一套中、中基性的火山岩建造,形成于岛弧环境。该套岩石组合普遍发生强烈的构造变形作用,常见构造样式包括透入性片麻理、石香肠构造、变质分异条带、肠状褶皱等一系列的固态流变构造。对该套变质表壳岩组合中的斜长角闪岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,结果表明其形成于(2 524±18)Ma,变质年龄为(2 477±21)Ma,从形成到发生变质相隔约为47Ma。该套变质表壳岩组合的发现,表明了清河断裂以北也曾存在太古宙结晶基底,清河断裂与寇河断裂之间的区域在构造环境上与清原地区一样,均属于新太古代绿岩带。     

金伯利岩中铬铁矿原生表面特征成因类型及其成分特征

对金伯利岩中铬铁矿原生表面特征的成因做出了合理解释,并提出了４种成因类型;通过探讨铬铁矿原生表面特征,化学成分,含矿性之间的关系,初步建立了铬铁矿原生表面特征与金刚石含矿性之间的关系。     

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗花敖包特银铅锌矿矿床地质特征及成因初探

花敖包特大型脉状银铅锌多金属矿床赋存于下二叠统寿山沟组（P_1s）裂隙破碎带中,属中低温次火山热液成因.矿床处于大兴安岭中南部的锡林浩特-霍林郭勒多金属成矿带上,断裂构造发育,火山活动强烈,银铅锌多金属多期成矿.矿体赋存于北西、北东及近南北向的构造破碎带里,矿体呈脉状严格受断裂构造控制.矿体规模中等,形态较复杂,厚度较稳定,组分较均匀.围岩蚀变发育,可出现3期,具明显的分带性.成矿期为晚侏罗世.     

Characteristics of high arsenic groundwater in Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia, northern China

It is well known that the Hetao Basin is one of the most seriously arsenic-affected groundwater areas in China. In order to understand the characteristics of high arsenic(As) groundwater in the Basin, a brief overview of arsenic in groundwater follows. High arsenic in the Basin commonly occurs in shallow groundwater and the total arsenic concentrations range from 0.58 to 572 μg/L(average 99.73 μg/L), exceeding the maximum mandated value of 10 μg/L for drinking water in China; As(Ш) is the predominant species. The regional distribution pattern of arsenic in the groundwater increases from south/southeast to north/northwest. Hangjinhouqi and Wuyuan counties are considered as the most seriously affected areas, with high incidences of endemic arsenicosic diseases in the Hetao Basin. High groundwater arsenic correlates with the increase of well depth. Previous studies proposed that groundwater arsenic in the Basin is mainly originated from desorption of some natural solid materials in the sediments, under reducing condition. Generally, reducing condition is believed to be the primary factor for arsenic releasing from the sediment to groundwater in the region. Under inorganic or bacterial processes, Fe2O3 changes to Fe S and arsenic adsorbed to Fe(OH)3 dissolves into groundwater, and As(V) is reduced to As(Ш). Besides, reducing environments, groundwater hydraulic gradients, organic matter, p H, evapotranspiration, and soil texture are presumed to be the predominant factors that control arsenic mobilization.     

Holocene environmental evolution recorded by core sediments of Judian Lake in the east of Lubei Plain,Shandong Province

Judian Lake in the east of Lubei Plain is located in the monsoon area of northern China,which is sensitive to global climate change and provides abundant lake sedimentary data for the study of the past climate and environment evolution in the land-sea interaction area. Based on the sporopollen identification,grain size analysis and AMS¹⁴C dating of core sediments from the drilling hole of the Judian Lake,the evolutional process of climate and environment since 8900 cal a BP in the northern Lubei Plain was discussed. The results show that: 8900-7625cal a BP,the temperature and precipitation increased and the climate changed from cold-dry to warm-wet;7625—6810 cal a BP,the overall climate was becoming cooler and drier;6810—4435cal a BP,the temperature rose and the precipitation increased,showing an overall warm and humid climate in the middle Holocene;4435—3150cal a BP,the climate was generally cold and humid with some low-amplitude fluctuations of cold and warm. During the middle Holocene,there were two obvious cold and dry events in 5450—5280cal a BP and 4160—4090cal a BP,which was consistent with the geological and climatic records in China and even in the world. It may be due to the southward movement of the equatorial convergence zone caused by the change of solar radiation,the change of ocean surface temperature and the feedback of surface vegetation.     

基于WEBGIS技术的陕西省气象信息共享系统设计

基于WEBGIS技术的陕西省气象信息共享系统是陕西省气象局确定的重点业务建设项目。介绍系统设计的框架和总体思路及系统所涉及的相关技术和关键技术。系统的三维气象信息共享平台部分已投入气象业务试运行,实现了在较高精度地理信息支持下全省800余个气象站点信息三维场景下的实时显示、查询定位、时间序列图、等值线分析以及数值预报产品、遥感、雷达等相关信息的显示和叠加等功能。     

"龙王"(LONGWANG)台风过程湿位涡的诊断分析

本文应用MM5V3中尺度数值模式对0519号台风“龙王”过程进行了数值模拟,利用模拟结果计算了台风过程湿位涡(Moist Potential Vorticity,MPV)的演变,从湿位涡的角度研究了台风过程大暴雨的产生机制。结果表明:倾斜涡度发展是“龙王”台风在福建沿海产生大暴雨的重要机制之一,湿位涡能够对暴雨落区的预报有较强的指示性作用,暴雨产生在θse线陡立的对流层中低层MPV1等值线密集带中零线附近,对流层中高层的MPV2负值区可以作为暖湿气流或涡旋活动的示踪;另外,对流层中高层中高纬度冷空气扩散南下与台风的东南暖湿空气在福建沿海交汇,加剧了气旋性涡度发展,对暴雨的发生发展也有巨大的作用。     

聚类分析在暴雨预报和环流形势分型中的应用

数值预报投入业务运行以来，高空形势预报具有较高的准确率，要素预报的准确率也在不断提高，对数值预报产品的释用是近年来人们极为关注的问题，作者早用数值预报５００ｈＰａ高度场及降水实况资料，采用聚类分析法，研究暴雨落区预报和我国暴雨环流形势特征，所得结果在暴雨预报业务中有一定参考价值，同时也给出我国暴雨环流型。     

北京地区一次辐射雾的数值模拟

利用非静力中尺度模式MM5V3对2006年11月20日北京地区的一次大雾天气过程进行了数值研究。模拟结果与极轨卫星监测图像以及十二通道微波辐射计观测资料的对比表明,模式对此次雾的模拟是比较成功的,尤其是在雾区的分布位置、雾的高度以及雾的维持时间等方面。针对不同的云物理方案、长波辐射项、短波辐射项以及模式的垂直分辨率进行了4组敏感性实验。结果表明,地面的长波辐射冷却促使辐射雾的形成,而短波辐射的加热是辐射雾消散的主要原因。另外,增加模式的垂直分辨率以及选取更加详细的云微物理方案可以使模式模拟的辐射雾的结果有明显的改善。     

Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans

The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km~2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr~(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr~(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr~(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr~(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr~(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr~(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr~(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr~(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr~(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr~(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr~(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area.