Multivariate adaptive regression splines for estimating riverine constituent concentrations

Regression-based methods are commonly used for riverine constituent concentration/flux estimation, which is essential for guiding water quality protection practices and environmental decision making. This paper developed a multivariate adaptive regression splines model for estimating riverine constituent concentrations (MARS-EC). The process, interpretability and flexibility of the MARS-EC modelling approach, was demonstrated for total nitrogen in the Patuxent River, a major river input to Chesapeake Bay. Model accuracy and uncertainty of the MARS-EC approach was further analysed using nitrate plus nitrite datasets from eight tributary rivers to Chesapeake Bay. Results showed that the MARS-EC approach integrated the advantages of both parametric and nonparametric regression methods, and model accuracy was demonstrated to be superior to the traditionally used ESTIMATOR model. MARS-EC is flexible and allows consideration of auxiliary variables; the variables and interactions can be selected automatically. MARS-EC does not constrain concentration-predictor curves to be constant but rather is able to identify shifts in these curves from mathematical expressions and visual graphics. The MARS-EC approach provides an effective and complementary tool along with existing approaches for estimating riverine constituent concentrations.     

乌鲁木齐仓房沟晚更新世地层及沉积环境的初步研究

仓房沟晚更新世沉积物分布于乌鲁木齐市西南,乌库公路九公里牌附近妖魔山南坡脚下。仓房沟是一条由东北流向西南的泉水沟,属乌鲁木齐河西侧的一条支流。     

从电法勘探资料分析宋楼煤矿主斜井突水因素

根据宋楼煤矿主斜井直流电法勘探资料及矿井地质及水文地质条件的分析,煤矿主斜井突水原因应该是来自第四系砂砾石含水层及深层地下岩溶水。通过电法勘探确定裂隙发育带、富水区域、涌水部位,对此处实施钻孔注浆堵水后,恢复生产。     

基于模型约束的Kirchhoff积分法叠前深度成像

与时间域偏移方法比较,叠前深度偏移成像方法能够适应剧烈横向速度变化、陡倾角反射的地震资料。本文通过研究Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移方法成像原理,首先建立初始速度模型;然后在初始速度模型中加入了目标地质体--盐丘作为层位,对初始速度模型进行优化,在层位的约束下通过多次迭代计算,对优化前后的两个速度模型求取旅行时差更新初始速度模型;最后利用更新后的初始速度模型进行Kirchhoff积分法叠前成像。叠前时间偏移和模型约束下的Kirchhoff积分法叠前深度偏移成像结果显示,后者成像具有更高的信噪比和分辨率。     

Development mechanism for the landslide at Xinlu Village,Chongqing, China

Due to the continuous and intense rainfall from June 26 to 28, 2016, Xinlu Village in Ganshui Town, Qijiang District, Chongqing, experienced a unitary-slip landslide at approximately UTC+8 19:30 on June 28. This landslide disrupted the Chuan-Qian railway and damaged four residential buildings. To analyze and rehabilitate the landslide, the engineering geology, hydrological conditions, and deformation instability mechanism of this landslide were investigated and comprehensively analyzed based on an in situ survey, geophysical drilling, and a laboratory quick-shearing test. The results show that the landslide is a typical gradual progressive landslide.     

The δ60/58Ni Values of Twenty‐Six Selected Geological Reference Materials

The high‐precision δ^60/58Ni values of twenty‐six geological reference materials, including igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, stream sediments, soils and plants are reported. The δ^60/58Ni values of all samples were determined by double‐spike MC‐ICP‐MS (Nu Plasma III). Isotope standard solution (NIST SRM 986) and geological reference materials (BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, JP‐1, PCC‐1, etc.) were used to evaluate the measurement bias and intermediate precision over a period of six months. Our results show that the intermediate precision of Ni isotope determination was 0.05‰ (2s, n = 69) for spiked NIST SRM 986 and typically 0.06‰ for actual samples, and the δ^60/58Ni _{NIST SRM 986} values were in excellent agreement with previous studies. Eighteen high‐precision Ni isotope ratios of geological reference materials are first reported here, and their δ^60/58Ni values varied from ?0.27‰ to 0.52‰, with a mean of 0.13 ± 0.34‰ (2s, n = 18). Additionally, SGR‐1b (0.56 ± 0.04‰, 2s), GSS‐1 (?0.27 ± 0.06‰, 2s), GSS‐7 (?0.11 ± 0.01‰, 2s), GSD‐10 (0.46 ± 0.06‰, 2s) and GSB‐12 (0.52 ± 0.06‰, 2s) could potentially serve as candidate reference materials for Ni isotope fractionation and comparison of Ni isotopic compositions among different laboratories.     

基于虚拟现实技术的排水管道损伤粘合修复方法

传统的地下排水管道损伤粘合修复方法修复后外渗较多,为了解决这一问题,基于虚拟现实技术提出了一种新的排水管道损伤粘合修复方法,通过负压波形图法定位排水管道的损伤位置和损伤程度,然后通过通信模拟器进行排水管道损伤信号的输送,计算机输出排水管道的损伤鉴定,采用虚拟仿真技术,应对不同损伤程度的排水管道,合理地进行粘合修复处理。结果表明,与传统修复方法相比,基于虚拟现实技术的排水管道损伤粘合修复材料更加合理,在修复后会通过特殊试剂进行清洗,提高了排水管道损伤处的粘合效果,降低排水管道损伤粘合修复后的外渗量。     

不整合体结构特征研究: 以永1井区侏罗系-白垩系不整合为例

永1井区位于准噶尔盆地腹部昌吉凹陷,中晚侏罗世受燕山运动的影响在盆地腹部形成车莫隆起带,使得下伏西山窑组地层受到超覆、削蚀,形成了一系列岩性、地层及复合油气藏。在油气运聚成藏过程中不整合体的结构发挥了重要作用,故对不整合结构进行了三级层次划分:一级为盖层和不整合体层;二级将不整合体层分为上覆层、不整合层及下伏层;三级是成藏要素级,包括运聚层、隔挡层、风化黏土层和风化淋滤带。借助测井资料,运用岩性、物性、岩石学特征等分析不整合体纵向结构,研究区不整合体三级结构发育完整。地震资料结合测井资料,通过自然伽马反演明确不整合体结构层中运聚层和隔挡层的展布。风化淋滤带厚度自高部位向凹陷方向逐渐减薄,风化黏土层反之,二者具有较好的负相关性。不整合体的结构控制了本区最重要的两类储盖组合,分别是不整合体上覆层-不整合体盖层的储盖组合及不整合体下伏层-风化黏土层的储盖组合。     

胜利东二号露天矿6煤层直接液化性能评价

基于褐煤直接液化特性与煤性质的关系,从煤岩组分和煤质基本性质出发,结合前人对与褐煤直接液化相关的煤岩组分和煤质指标研究成果,通过采样测试与收集数据,探讨了胜利煤田东二号露天矿6煤层煤岩组分、灰分、挥发分、H/C原子比对其直接液化的影响,提出了褐煤作为直接液化的指标要求范围。结果表明:该煤层活性组分(腐植组和稳定组)含量较高,挥发分含量大于35%、H/C原子大部分大于0. 70、浮煤灰分大部分小于10%,符合液化指标要求,可作为较理想的直接液化原料煤。     

构造-蚀变岩相填图方法在南秦岭汉阴黄龙金矿中的应用

随着新一轮全国危机矿山找矿工作的开展,低成本、高效率的就矿找矿理论和方法对于一些老矿区的深部和外围找矿尤为重要。矿区构造-蚀变岩相填图的范围就是矿区勘查范围,在填图过程中把控岩构造、控矿构造、矿化蚀变等信息作为填图重点,以矿区地质图为底图,把野外填图过程中收集到的有关控矿构造、矿化蚀变等信息分期次,分不同特征等标示在底图上,形成控岩控矿构造实际材料图,在实际材料图基础上,编制矿区构造-蚀变岩相图,从而寻找主要的控矿构造和与矿化密切相关的蚀变岩相带,并为下一步矿区外围和深部找矿、工程布置提供靶区依据。黄龙金矿区位于扬子板块北缘南秦岭构造带,矿区志留系梅子垭组地层经历了多期构造变形,并叠加有区域变质和热液变质作用。本研究采用构造-蚀变岩相填编图的方法,在矿区填编出了3条脆-韧性剪切带和黑云母变斑晶化、硅化等蚀变岩相带,并认为脆-韧性剪切带、黑云母变斑晶化带、硅化带及蚀变岩相叠加带等蚀变与金矿体存在密切关系,是矿区下一步外围及深部找矿的重点靶区。