利用层次分析法评价东营市浅层地热能适宜性

利用定性、半定量相结合的层次分析法(AHP),建立地埋管换热系统适宜性递阶层次结构模型,在野外试验、室内测试等基础数据的基础上,选取地下水埋藏深度、砂层厚度、成孔难易程度、地面沉降、热扩散率、比热容、综合热导率等7个评价指标,将东营市浅层地热能开发利用划分为适宜区、较适宜区。这是东营地区第一次利用实测数据开展浅层地热能适宜性评价,为今后的合理开发利用提供了科学依据。     

一种程控宽频带多波形信号发生器的研制

针对目前专门的函数信号发生器IC功能简单、精度不高、调节方式不灵活等缺点和DDS芯片外围电路设计复杂、成本较高等问题,设计研制了一种程控宽频带多波形信号发生器。该信号发生器采用单片机STC89C52控制专用函数发生器MAX038实现,通过键盘设置输出波形类型、频率、占空比和幅度等各种参数,采用闭环控制方法对输出频率自动反馈控制以提高频率精度,并由八位LED显示器实时显示状态信息。实际运行结果表明:该系统可以产生频率范围在1Hz~20MHz、幅度在2~10V(VPP)连续可调、占空比在10%~90%变化的三角波、锯齿波、方波、正弦波和PWM波,输出频率精度小于0.01%。该仪器具有电路结构简单、性能优良、成本低廉、功能多样、使用方便等优点,在生产实践和科技研究领域中具有广泛的应用前景。     

历史名人轨迹的空间可视化与分析

历史名人的行为轨迹反映了当时的历史文化背景,通过历史名人行为轨迹的空间化和可视化,可以对历史社会状态进行探索和分析。对历史名人的社交关系网络进行可视化研究,有利于剖析当时的政治背景与人物关系。目前,基于GIS的空间人文社会科学深层次分析方法和工具还很少,根据地理位置对历史人物的社交网络进行分时段的研究也很少。本文以玄奘和欧阳修为例,探索了基于WebGIS的历史人物轨迹空间可视化分析方法,基于核密度估计与标准差椭圆的空间分析方法,分析历史名人轨迹点的空间分布特征,统计迁徙指数、首都距、家乡距、成长地距以分析基于距离的轨迹点移动特点;分时段构建了历史名人的空间社交网络,并结合历史背景、名人事迹、名人作品和空间化结果进行了综合分析。分析结果表明： ① 历史名人的迁移轨迹与当时的历史人口迁移趋势基本是一致的,受社会变动影响较大;② 历史名人在事业上升期有更大的社交网络圈,而在人生没落阶段社交网络圈减小。本文对历史名人轨迹的空间可视化与分析方法进行了探索,可以为空间人文社会科学相关领域的分析研究提供参考。     

Landscape change in response to multiperiod glacial debris flows in Peilong catchment,southeastern Tibet

High-magnitude glacial debris flows in small basins in Himalayas have a significant impact on landscape.The Peilong catchment,a tributary of the Parlung Zangbo river in southeastern Tibet,was chosen as a case study of topographic response to multi-period glacial debris flows.There are few large debris flow records in the catchment before 1983,but four large-scale glacial debris flows with peak discharge up to 8195 m3/s blocked the river during 1983–1985 and in 2015.A combination of field survey,examination of historical records and interpretation of multi-period remote sensing images was used to assess triggering factors and geomorphic impact of the events.The results show that the debris flows during 1983 and 1985 may be attributed to seismic events in 1981 and 1982,while the event in 2015 resulted from large amount of landslide deposits caused by glacier retreat during 1993~2013 and high precipitation in 2015.In the upper-midstream broad valley,erosion and accumulation of the debris flows changed the channel morphology,resulting in course diversion.In the lower-midstream narrow valley,lateral erosion of debris flows induced a large number of landslides but had little impact on the channel longitudinal profile.The ability of massive glacial debris flows to change valley topography is more than ten times that of regular water flows.The landscape of the accumulation fan at the outlet of the valley is controlled by the interaction between the sediment transportation capacity of debris flows and erosional capacity of the main river.The sediment transport capacity of the Peilong river is greater than the delivery capacity of the Parlung Zangbo river,resulting in continuous aggradation of the confluence zone.     

Identification of Suitable Hydrologic Response Unit Thresholds for Soil and Water Assessment Tool Streamflow Modelling

Use of a non-zero hydrologic response unit(HRU) threshold is an effective way of reducing unmanageable HRU numbers and simplifying computational cost in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) hydrologic modelling. However, being less representative of watershed heterogeneity and increasing the level of model output uncertainty are inevitable when minor HRU combinations are disproportionately eliminated. This study examined 20 scenarios by running the model with various HRU threshold settings to understand the mechanism of HRU threshold effects on watershed representation as well as streamflow predictions and identify the appropriate HRU thresholds. Findings show that HRU numbers decrease sharply with increasing HRU thresholds. Among different HRU threshold scenarios, the composition of land-use, soil, and slope all contribute to notable variations which are directly related to the model input parameters and consequently affect the streamflow predictions. Results indicate that saturated hydraulic conductivity, average slope of the HRU, and curve number are the three key factors affecting stream discharge when changing the HRU thresholds. It is also found that HRU thresholds have little effect on monthly model performance, while evaluation statistics for daily discharges are more sensitive than monthly results. For daily streamflow predictions, thresholds of 5%/5%/5%(land-use/soil/slope) are the optimum HRU threshold level for the watershed to allow full consideration of model accuracy and efficiency in the present work. Besides, the results provide strategies for selecting appropriate HRU thresholds based on the modelling goal.     

利用多光谱影像检测资源三号卫星平台震颤

卫星平台震颤是影响高分辨率卫星成像质量的因素之一,会引起影像模糊和内部畸变。本文从资源三号卫星多光谱相机的成像特点和多光谱影像配准误差影响因素入手,理论推导和仿真分析了卫星平台震颤对配准误差的影响规律,在此基础上提出了基于多光谱影像高精度密集匹配的平台震颤检测方法和流程,最后利用不同波段、不同时间的成像数据进行试验。试验结果表明资源三号卫星在试验数据成像阶段存在约0.6Hz的平台震颤,且垂轨方向震颤幅值大于沿轨方向,同时引起波段间相同频率周期性配准误差。检测结果为进一步提高资源三号处理精度提供了可能,也为卫星平台震颤源的分析和优化卫星平台设计提供了重要参考依据。     

凡纳滨对虾的遗传育种研究现状

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei Boone),由于其生长快,抗环境变化能力强,对饵料的要求低,肉味鲜美、出肉率高,成为世界上公认的优良养殖对虾品种之一.凡纳滨对虾自1998年从美国夏威夷再次引进到中国华南,并相继突破集约化防病养殖和全人工繁育技术以来[1],已成为中国海水养殖动物中发展最快的一个种类,其养殖产量已达到中国养殖对虾产量的80%～90%.然而目前中国凡纳滨对虾亲虾多数直接从虾塘挑选,造成品质参差不齐,抗病力下降,生产周期延长,严重制约了中国凡纳滨对虾养殖业持续健康发展.凡纳滨对虾亟需形成稳定优良的养殖品系.     

琼东北八所组ESR年龄及其构造意义

八所组是琼东北晚第四纪一个重要地层单位,同时也是河流Ⅱ级阶地（T2）的主要沉积地层,其形成年代对该区域晚第四纪以来的古环境演化及地壳运动的研究有着重要意义。为了限定其形成时代,文章采取ESR的方法,对广泛分布于琼东北珠溪河及古三江河一带的八所组地层进行了系统的测年。结果表明:该套地层形成于晚更新世中晚期（64.36 ka~18.40 ka BP）;沉积时代对应末次冰期MIS4~MIS2阶段;河流的下切与T2阶地的形成,一定程度上反映了该时期琼东北海平面的频繁波动及地壳的间歇性抬升;此外,分布于现代海岸风沙强烈作用地带的老红砂与八所组属同期异相的风成堆积,应与八所组地层加以区分。      

河南省庙咀钒矿地质特征及成矿浅析

庙咀钒矿是近年查明的一个中型钒矿床。钒矿床地处荆紫关—师岗复向斜南翼,矿体赋存于下寒武统水沟口组底部硅质岩和泥岩中,严格受控于地层及岩性。矿石类型主要为黏土岩型及条带状硅质岩型两种,钒主要以离子吸附和类质同象赋存于黏土矿物中。矿床成因为滨海-浅海沉积型层控矿床。     

典型岩溶槽谷区地下河水文动态响应研究——以重庆青木关地下河为例

为了更好地掌握重庆青木关地下河水文动态变化规律,2007年5月至2008年6月利用WGZ-1型光电数字水位计和水质监测仪(CTDP300型在线水质分析仪）,对降雨量和地下河水位、水温、pH及电导率进行了连续自动监测,并采用水文动态曲线线型分析法分析了该地下河水文动态变化对降水事件的响应。结果表明,地下河水文动态对降雨响应迅速,水位流量过程曲线线型呈不对称尖峰型,尤其在2007年7月17日出现的大暴雨事件中,最高水位为1.175m,滞后最大雨强6h10min,最大流量为2.5781m3/s,而观测中该地下河最小流量仅为0.0189 m3/s,反映出该岩溶地下河发育强烈,赋水空间较单一、含水层对水资源调蓄能力较弱。电导率、pH和水温对降雨同样快速响应,电导率由602.7μs/cm降到462.09μs/cm,pH由7.23降到7.01,水温由18.9℃上升到19.5℃,各指标滞后不超过15h。