滇西施甸地区二叠纪卧牛寺组大陆溢流玄武岩的发现

施甸地区的卧牛寺组玄武岩分布广泛。通过近年的野外工作,发现施甸地区的卧牛寺组玄武岩中缺乏沉积夹层,其岩石学特征和地球化学特征均与峨眉山玄武岩相似,具有大陆溢流相喷发的特点。     

东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑地区晚三叠世花岗闪长斑岩年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素特征

本文对东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑花岗闪长斑岩开展详细的全岩地球化学、LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素研究,确定其形成时代,并探讨其岩石成因及成岩构造背景。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄为231. 1±1. 2 Ma,指示其侵位于晚三叠世早期。全岩K2O/Na2O值为0. 69～0. 71,Mg#值为40. 5～41. 6,里特曼指数σ为1. 90～2. 09,A/CNK=1. 01～1. 03,属弱过铝质中—高钾钙碱性岩石系列。岩石的轻重稀土元素分异明显,(La/Yb)N值为19. 54～25. 52,具弱负Eu异常（δEu为0. 96～0. 97）,富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等,具有高的Sr含量(606. 0×10-6～647. 9×10-6)和Sr/Y值(60. 38～62. 99),较低的Y(9. 62×10-6～10. 66×10-6)和Yb(0. 86-6～0. 92×10-6)含量,显示Adakite（高锶低钇中酸性岩）的地球化学特征。锆石Hf同位素εHf(t)值介于-6. 93~-2. 94,地壳模式年龄（TDM2）范围为1. 45~1. 70 Ga。综合分析表明,拉陵高里河沟脑花岗闪长斑岩形成于东昆仑洋壳俯冲末期至局部碰撞的转换阶段,岩浆源于高压条件下的加厚下地壳部分熔融。     

滇西马厂箐铜钼多金属矿床成矿流体来源及演化过程——来自石榴子石原位微量元素及H- O同位素组成的限定

滇西马厂箐铜钼多金属矿床位于三江特提斯成矿域,是一个与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩侵入有关的多金属矿床。前人研究表明,马厂箐铜钼多金属矿床形成于斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统,但由于缺乏系统矿物学研究,目前对矽卡岩矿化过程和成矿效应仍不清楚,限制了对该矿床成矿过程的全面认识。因此,本文以马厂箐矿床矽卡岩型矿化中的石榴子石为研究对象,利用H-O同位素、电子探针(EPMA)以及LA-ICP-MS原位微区技术开展了同位素及成分分析,限定成矿流体来源以及反演成矿流体演化过程。石榴子石可分为早期自形石榴子石(Grt I)和晚期他形石榴子石(Grt II)。Grt I与辉石共生,并伴有黄铁矿、黄铜矿等金属矿物组合,属于钙铝-钙铁榴石固溶体(And_{49.37～99.58}Gro_0～49.79);Grt II更富Fe,属钙铁榴石系列(And_{67.50～99.85}Gro_0～31.84)。两期石榴子石均富含Th、U、Nd,亏损Ba、Sr、Hf、Nb,富轻稀土。基于石榴子石矿物化学特征认为,Grt I可能是在弱酸性、氧化、低水岩比(W/R)条...     

吐哈盆地巴喀气田八道湾组致密砂岩储层分析及孔隙度演化定量模拟

在吐哈盆地巴喀气田八道湾组砂岩储层特征及控制因素分析的基础上,以地史时间和埋藏深度为变量,以现今孔隙度为约束条件,紧密结合埋藏阶段分析和关键成岩阶段窗口分析,分阶段建立了巴喀气田八道湾组储层从埋藏初始直至现今的孔隙度演化定量模型,动态体现了整个孔隙度演化过程。定量模拟结果表明：研究区储层总孔隙度演化是一个七段式分段函数,各个阶段孔隙度演化或遵循减小模型或遵循减小与增大的叠加模型;机械压实阶段的孔隙度减小模型是以埋深为自变量的函数,压实和胶结综合作用阶段则是以埋深和埋藏时间为变量的函数;孔隙增大模型适用于Ro值范围为0.6～1.0的溶蚀作用窗口内;早期的纯机械压实作用使八道湾组储层已接近致密,溶蚀作用之前的压实和胶结综合作用导致储层致密化,而后期溶蚀作用仅在一定程度上提高了孔隙空间。     

内蒙古朱拉扎嘎地区成矿遥感信息提取及成矿预测研究

以ETM+数据为信息源,对典型矿床—朱拉扎嘎金矿的成矿地质特征和遥感解译特征进行详细研究。矿体赋存于渣尔泰山群阿古鲁沟组一段浅变质含钙质碎屑岩中。利用目视综合解译法进行了线性构造信息的提取;利用主成份分析法有效提取了铁染蚀变异常和羟基蚀变异常信息,并利用光谱角法对蚀变异常进行了优化处理;利用GIS技术将以上提取的成矿信息进行叠加分析。确定该区寻找铜金矿床的找矿标志为:(1)渣尔泰山群阿古鲁沟组一段;(2)线性构造发育;(3)铁染蚀变异常和羟基蚀变异常存在且二者套合好;(4)有较强的化探异常,且异常浓集中心套合好。并利用找矿标志在区内圈定出朱拉扎嘎北侧、西侧等6个找矿靶区。     

含软弱夹层岩体边坡爆破层裂特性及稳定性研究

基于爆破相似理论建立含软弱夹层顺层岩体边坡爆破的力学模型,并介绍模型爆破层裂试验和剪切试验的设计思路及试验方法。以某石灰石矿采场黏土质夹层物为软弱夹层原料,通过相似模型试验研究爆破作用下含软弱夹层岩体边坡的层裂特性及稳定性。试验结果表明,爆破后可将软弱夹层分为爆腔区、压密区、影响区和无扰动区;爆腔区、压密区和影响区构成模型层裂区;爆前模型抗滑稳定安全系数最大、爆后次之、爆破过程中最小;层裂范围直接影响模型抗滑稳定安全系数。软弱夹层厚度对模型的层裂范围和抗滑稳定安全系数有较大影响。     

攀西地区红格钒钛磁铁矿床地球化学异常特征分析及矿床成因探讨

攀西地区基性-超基性含矿岩体以赋存超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床而闻名于世,是我国重要的铁矿产地和重要的钒钛资源基地.通过对该矿床的地质特征、构造与围岩对成矿的控制作用及地球化学异常特征分析研究,认为红格钒钛磁铁矿成矿物质来源于上地幔,玄武岩浆结晶分异过程中有地壳物质混入地幔物质.矿床的形成对时间与空间要求严格.基性-超基性岩、灯影组白云质灰岩和峨眉山玄武岩是形成红格钒钛磁铁矿床的必要条件.     

Geochemical distribution and removal of As,Fe, Mn and Al in a surface water system affected by acid mine drainage at a coalfield in Southwestern China

The chemical characteristics, formation and natural attenuation of pollutants in the coal acid mine drainage (AMD) at Xingren coalfield, Southwest China, are discussed in this paper based on the results of a geochemical investigation as well as geological and hydrogeological background information. The chemical composition of the AMD is controlled by the dissolution of sulfide minerals in the coal seam, the initial composition of the groundwater and the water–rock interaction. The AMD is characterized by high sulfate concentrations, high levels of dissolved metals (Fe, Al, Mn, etc.) and low pH values. Ca²⁺ and SO₄ ²⁻ are the dominant cation and anion in the AMD, respectively, while Ca²⁺ and HCO₃ ⁻ are present at significant levels in background water and surface water after the drainage leaves the mine site. The pH and alkalinity increase asymptotically with the distance along the flow path, while concentrations of sulfate, ferrous iron, aluminum and manganese are typically controlled by the deposition of secondary minerals. Low concentrations of As and other pollutants in the surface waters of the Xingren coalfield could be due to relatively low quantities being released from coal seams, to adsorption and coprecipitation on secondary minerals in stream sediments, and to dilution by unpolluted surface recharge. Although As is not the most serious water quality problem in the Xingren region at present, it is still a potential environmental problem. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

因子分类法在黑龙江塔河地区地质填图中的应用

利用因子分类法在黑龙江塔河地区进行地球化学单元识别,根据各单元的理论地球化学意义及其与地质单元的对应关系,进行浅覆盖区地质填图研究。充分提取区域化探资料中的地球化学信息,将研究区识别为具有特定地质、地球化学意义的5个地球化学单元。其中:Be、Nb、Sn、Y、Rb单元主要反映研究区古生代花岗岩和中生代酸碱性火山岩的分布;Co、TFe、Cr、Ni、V、Ti、MgO单元主要反映研究区早元古代侵入岩、变质岩和古生代基性岩体的分布;SiO2、K2O、Na2O单元反映的地质单元主要为古生代侵入岩、中生代酸碱性火山岩和沉积岩;Al2O3、Li、F单元主要反映中生代火山岩的分布;CaO、Sr、Ba单元反映的是中生代沉积岩,可能与生物沉积作用有关,代表比较稳定的沉积环境。同时,根据不同单元的分布形态和边界走向,识别和推断了研究区的北东、北西、南北及东西向断裂构造。     

Heat flow and thermal modeling of the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea

Geothermal gradients are estimated to vary from 31 to 43 °C/km in the Yinggehai Basin based on 99 temperature data sets compiled from oil well data. Thirty-seven thermal conductivity measurements on core samples were made and the effects of porosity and water saturation were corrected. Thermal conductivities of mudstone and sandstone range from 1.2 to 2.7 W/m K, with a mean of 2.0±0.5 W/m K after approximate correction. Heat flow at six sites in the Yinggehai Basin range from 69 to 86 mW/m², with a mean value of 79±7 mW/m². Thick sediments and high sedimentation rates resulted in a considerable radiogenic contribution, but also depressed the heat flow. Measurements indicate the radiogenic heat production in the sediment is 1.28 μW/m³, which contributes 20% to the surface heat flow. After subtracting radiogenic heat contribution of the sediment, and sedimentation correction, the average basal heat flow from basement is about 86 mW/m².Three stages of extension are recognized in the subsidence history, and a kinematic model is used to study the thermal evolution of the basin since the Cenozoic era. Model results show that the peak value of basal heat flow was getting higher and higher through the Cenozoic. The maximum basal heat flow increased from 65 mW/m² in the first stage to 75 mW/m² in the second stage, and then 90 mW/m² in the third stage. The present temperature field of the lithosphere of the Yinggehai Basin, which is still transient, is the result of the multistage extension, but was primarily associated with the Pliocene extension.