New Ar‐Ar Isotopic Ages of the Southern Tianshan Mountains,Kyrgyzstan and their Geological Implications

正Objective The Late Paleozoic Southern Tianshan Ocean is usually considered to be the last-closed ocean in the Tianshan Orogeny.However,there is still no consensus if this is indeed the case.Blueschist,eclogite and ophiolite are present in the Atbashi Range,Kyrgyzstan,which are believed to be the relics of the Southern Tianshan Ocean.New data obtained through Ar-Ar isotopic analysis in this     

四川江油马角坝刺林包剖面二叠-三叠系间粘土岩研究

二叠-三叠纪之交华南地区普遍发育火山成因的粘土岩,其对于了解二叠纪末大规模火山活动及扬子板块碎屑物质来源具有重要意义。本文对扬子西缘马角坝刺林包剖面飞仙关组底部粘土岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及原位Hf同位素测试、X衍射和全岩地球化学分析,以揭示粘土岩的岩石成分及物源信息。镜下特征、X衍射及主量元素特征表明岩石中粘土矿物主要为伊利石,含少量方解石、石英。碎屑锆石年龄显示,特征峰值年龄主要集中在2 615~2 383、1 868~1 328、1 186~778和430~246 Ma,并出现~250 Ma特征高峰,结合原位Hf同位素特征表明锆石与秦岭造山带、华南典型PTB剖面粘土岩及峨眉山大火成岩省具有较高的相似性。同时,通过微量、稀土元素分析发现粘土岩中Zr、Hf、Th、Cr、Co、Ti相对富集,与华南典型PTB粘土岩和峨眉山玄武岩相近,并结合构造背景及锆石特征,综合认为刺林包剖面PTB粘土岩来自于秦岭造山带及龙门山岛链局部剥蚀区、二叠纪末火山活动和峨眉山大火成岩省剥蚀岩体。     

川东长兴组台缘礁滩相储层纵向非均质性特征及形成机制——以川东宣汉盘龙洞长兴组剖面为例

近几年,随着四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩储层勘探的不断加强,碳酸盐岩储层强的非均质性已成为制约礁滩气藏勘探开发的现实问题。以川东宣汉盘龙洞长兴组典型台缘礁滩剖面为研究对象,通过对典型台缘礁滩野外剖面的精细观察,结合镜下薄片及岩矿资料分析,重点探讨了盘龙洞礁滩储层纵向非均质性特征及成因。剖面上礁滩体垂向上存在很强的旋回性和储层非均质性,其储集岩分布、储层厚度、白云岩化程度、溶蚀作用等受海平面周期性的升降变化影响而呈现周期性变化。礁滩储层非均质性受高能相带、海平面升降变化和建设性成岩作用的共同控制,高能相带控制储层原生孔隙的发育,决定了储层的沉积非均质性,白云岩化和溶蚀作用有利于礁滩体储层的形成,大气淡水淋滤改造对于优化储层具有关键作用,海平面升降变化决定了礁滩体旋回性发育,而建设性成岩作用的选择性改造深化了储层非均质性。     

Correlation analysis between drought indices and terrestrial water storage from 2002 to 2015 in China

Drought monitoring is a key topic in environmental monitoring and assessment although there is still a need to determine the correlation between drought monitoring indices and remote sensing products. We analyzed the correlation between the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc_PDSI), the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and terrestrial water storage monitored through the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) on a monthly timescale from 2002 to 2015 in China. As a consequence of anomalies in the soil water budget, the highly significant correlation between the sc_PDSI and the GRACE satellite-observed terrestrial water storage suggested that these two datasets are the most suitable for use in monitoring droughts. In comparing the three drought indices, the sc_PDSI was introduced as a means of drought monitoring in the Yangtze, Pearl, Huaihe, Southeast and Songhua River Basins, whereas the SPEI was found to be more applicable to other major river basins, such as the Inland River Basin. These diverse spatial behaviors are caused by the differences between the hydrological droughts characterized by these three drought indices.     

Spatial and temporal variations of suspended solid concentrations from 2000 to 2013 in Poyang Lake,China

Concentrations of suspended solids in lakes can affect the latter’s primary productivity and reflect changes in sediment deposition. Determining the temporal and spatial distribution of suspended solid concentrations has important significance in lake water environmental management; this is particularly urgent for Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. In this study, suspended solid concentration inversion models for Poyang Lake were created using a semi-empirical method with regression analysis between continuously measured suspended solid concentration data and multi-band moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer images for spring, summer, autumn, and winter from 2009 to 2012. The coefficient of determination (R²) is from 0.6 to 0.9 and the average relative error for the accuracy verification was between 10 and 30%. The seasonal distributions of suspended solid concentrations in Poyang Lake from 2000 to 2013 were then obtained using optimal reversal models. The results showed that the seasonal variation in suspended solid concentrations had a “W” shape in which high spring and autumn and low summer and winter values. The suspended solid concentrations increased annually from 2000 to 2013 and were mainly distributed in the northern and central portions of the lake, with lower values along the shorelines. Further analysis indicated that the large difference in water level between the wet and dry seasons is an important factor in explaining these seasonal variations. Moreover, the suspended solid concentrations were poorly correlated with water temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration but more highly correlated with the deferred chlorophyll-a concentration.     

中国阿尔泰契巴罗依北奥陶纪基性岩锆石U-Pb年龄、成因及其地质意义

中国阿尔泰山位于西伯利亚板块南缘,其内发育较为频繁的古生代侵入岩浆活动,为研究中亚造山带地壳增生的理想窗口。本文通过对北阿尔泰地区西段契巴罗依北基性岩体的岩相学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年及岩石地球化学数据进行研究,探讨该岩体就位的大地构造背景和成因机制,为研究区域构造演化提供了新资料。契巴罗依北基性岩体包括细粒辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、角闪苏长岩、细粒苏长岩等不同岩相,本次获得角闪辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为470.6±4.3Ma,首次确认在北阿尔泰造山带发育中奥陶世基性侵入岩。根据区域岩浆岩年代学及地质特征,结合契巴罗依北基性岩体岩石地球化学数据分析,认为该期基性岩浆可能形成于大陆板块边缘的弧后伸展环境,源于早古生代古亚洲洋向北俯冲,深部地幔发生板片断离导致软流圈地幔与上覆交代地幔相互作用后沿弧后伸展环境下的薄弱地带上侵就位     

开鲁盆地陆家堡凹陷绍根地区早白垩世裂陷期后沉积构造演化与铀矿化特征

作为中国北方主要产煤铀盆地之一,松辽盆地西南缘开鲁盆地一直是铀矿找矿工作的重点区域。基于开鲁盆地陆西凹陷绍根地区煤田勘探过程中发现的大量伽马异常信息,对该区展开煤田资料的铀矿二次开发,并钻探发现了铀矿化显示。在此背景下,对绍根地区早白垩世裂陷期晚期至今沉积地层展开地层精细对比划分、沉积环境和构造演化分析、铀成矿类型和赋矿规律探讨。综合分析认为:1）绍根地区自早白垩世阜新期以来发育阜新组、姚家组、嫩江组、四方台组和泰康组,泉头-青山口组、明水组缺失。2）绍根地区阜新期为断陷期末期深湖-湖沼相沉积,发育多层煤;之后受燕山运动影响,阜新期末发生构造反转,泉头-姚家期早期处于构造隆升的欠补偿时期,阜新组顶部遭受剥蚀,泉头-姚家早期未接受沉积;姚家晚期-嫩江期为热沉降坳陷阶段,发育冲积扇相和滨浅湖-半深湖相沉积;四方台期为挤压反转期,地层快速隆升,发育冲洪积扇沉积。3）嫩江组和四方台组为绍根地区主要赋矿层,其中嫩江组发育泥岩型铀矿体,四方台组发育砂岩型铀矿体。4）泥岩型铀矿体顺层呈中心向下凹的薄板状发育,为典型的同生沉积成岩成矿;砂岩型铀矿体呈板状,主要赋存于四方台组底部红褐色与灰绿色交界部位的灰绿色砂砾岩中,其成矿类型可能为潜水氧化型。上述成果认识与钱家店等邻区有较大差异,对绍根地区下一步的铀矿找矿工作具有较好的指导意义。     

基于岩石图像深度学习的岩性自动识别与分类方法

岩石岩性的识别与分类对于地质分析极为重要,采用机器学习的方法建立识别模型进行自动分类是一条新的途径。基于Inception-v3深度卷积神经网络模型,建立了岩石图像集分析的深度学习迁移模型,运用迁移学习方法实现了岩石岩性的自动识别与分类。采用此方法对所采集的173张花岗岩图像、152张千枚岩图像和246张角砾岩图像进行了学习和识别分类研究,通过训练学习建立岩石图像深度学习迁移模型,并分别采用训练集和测试集中的岩石图像对模型进行了检验分析。对于训练集中的岩石图像,每组岩石分别用3张图像测试,三种岩石的岩性分类均正确,且分类概率值均达到90%以上,显示了模型良好的鲁棒性;对于测试集中的岩石图像,每组岩石分别采用9张图像进行识别分析,三种岩石的岩性分类均正确,并且千枚岩组图像分类概率均高于90%,但是花岗岩组2张图像和角砾岩组的1张图像分类概率值不足70%,概率值较其他岩石图像低,推测其原因是训练集中相同模式的岩石图像较少,导致模型的泛化能力减小。为了提高识别精确度,对准确率较低的岩石图像进行截取,分别取其中的3张图像加入训练集进行再训练,增加与测试图像具有相同模式的训练样本;在新的模型中,对3张图像进行二次检验,测试概率值均达到85%以上,说明在数据足够的状况下模型具有良好的学习能力。与传统的机器学习方法相比,所提出的岩石图像深度学习方法具有以下优点:第一,模型通过搜索图像像素点提取物体特征,不需要手动提取待分类物体特征;第二,对于图像像素大小,成像距离及光照要求低;第三,采用适当的训练集可获得较好的识别分类效果,并具有良好鲁棒性和泛化能力。     

黑龙江依兰地区蓝片岩相变质作用及其演化

依兰地区蓝片岩作为黑龙江杂岩的重要组成部分,其变质作用演化问题一直存在较大争议。本文通过对依兰地区蓝片岩的岩相学及矿物微区化学成分的研究,并运用PERPLE_X软件,在Na_2O-CaO-K_2O-MnO-FeO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O-TiO_2-O(Fe_2O_3)(NCKMnFMASHTO)体系下对石榴石冻蓝闪石片岩(g-brs-wnc-act-phn-chl-ep-ab-stlp)、绿泥绿帘蓝闪石片岩(gl-brs-wnc-act-chl-ep-stlp)和白云母蓝闪石片岩(gl-wnc-phn-ab-ep-chl-sph)进行了相平衡模拟,并分别获得了500~525℃/1.14~1.2GPa、480℃/1.4GPa、450~500℃/0.95~1.2GPa峰期变质作用的温压条件,其峰期变质级别都达到了绿帘-蓝片岩相。结合前人发表的地球化学和年代学数据,建立了蓝片岩相岩石的顺时针变质演化P-T轨迹。研究区蓝片岩的形成标志着新生洋壳的俯冲作用,同时代表古亚洲洋构造域的结束和环太平洋构造域的开始。相平衡模拟中,P-T轨迹记录了峰期前温压条件递增的过程,温度峰期与压力峰期同时到达,说明蓝片岩相变质作用是在俯冲过程中实现的,而不是折返过程中达到的。减压阶段的轨迹近于平行追溯进变质轨迹,揭示与进变质过程相似的地热体制下(11～14℃/km),相对缓慢的抬升过程