不对称环流对台风强度变化的影响

利用卫星云图和NCEP再分析风场资料对0207号台风HALONG云系和风场变化特征进行了分析.结果表明,台风云系不对称的结构,台风西侧高空急流向台风中心的移动和辐散是台风迅速减弱的主要原因.为了了解不对称台风环流对台风强度的影响,还对比分析了0417号台风AERE、0216号台风SINLAKU在中国沿海减弱和重新加强的环流特征.在低层流入台风中心南侧的西风分量大,在高层流入台风中心西侧的北风分量小,有利于台风的加强.台风南、北两侧的东西向风场垂直切变梯度差异不利于台风加强.东西向风场垂直切变对台风强度的影响比南北向风场更重要.     

东天山早中生代侵入体地球化学特征及其构造意义

东天山百灵山西辉长岩、似斑状花岗岩近年来才被发现,为了解其成因及相关大地构造背景,对其进行地质学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Sr-Nd同位素分析. LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,百灵山西辉长岩、似斑状花岗岩分别形成于236 Ma和228 Ma.辉长岩具有较低的SiO2(43.50%～46.03%)含量,较高的CaO(11.40%～13.24%)、Fe2O3T(9.62%～11.84%)和MgO(6.02%～10.58%;Mg#=53～69)含量以及Ce/Pb、Ti/Zr、Ti/Y及Ba/Th比值,且富集LREE、LILE,表明其形成于受板片脱水流体交代地幔楔的部分熔融.似斑状花岗岩表现出I型花岗岩的特征,且具有较高的SiO2(71.14%～72.71%),强富集LREE[(La/Yb)N=12.61～28.45]和LILE(例如Rb,K和Pb),表明其形成于下地壳的部分熔融.而较高的Mg#(39～41)值、Ti/Y(154.40～306.18)比值,显示其源区有地幔物质的加入.结合前人研究成果,可知东天山地区在240 Ma以后已经进入陆内演化阶段,百灵山西辉长岩及似斑状...     

Ingestion rates and grazing impact of the brackwater mussel Brachidontes virgiliae in Lake St Lucia,iSimangaliso Wetland Park,South Africa

Bivalves feed on a combination of phytoplankton and zooplankton and have the potential to impact considerably the planktonic biomass, especially when they occur in high densities, such as in oyster and mussel beds. The brackwater mussel Brachidontes virgiliae is numerically dominant during wet phases within Africa’s largest estuarine lake, St Lucia, in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park on the east coast of South Africa. The ingestion rates and potential grazing impact of this small mussel (maximum shell length = 2.5 cm) were estimated for both the wet and dry seasons using an in situ gut fluorescence technique. Ingestion rates were higher during the wet season (5.78 µg pigment ind.^?1 d^?1) than during the dry season (4.44 µg pigment ind.^?1 d^?1). This might be explained by the increased water temperature and food availability during the wet season. Because of the patchy distribution of mussel populations, there could be higher localised grazing impact near mussel aggregations. Results showed a potential grazing impact of up to 20 times the available phytoplankton biomass at specific sites. These high grazing impacts have the potential to deplete phytoplankton stocks in the lake, especially during wet phases in the northern reaches, where mussel densities are highest. This needs to be factored into ecological models of Lake St Lucia, because the system might function differently during increased flood events.     

雄安新区D19井破碎热储层气举反循环钻进技术

D19井是雄安新区地热清洁能源调查评价项目的一个勘探孔,完钻井深4021.78 m,揭穿雾迷山组和高于庄组2个热储层。为应对热储层钻进严重漏失及保护热储层,选用了气举反循环钻进工艺。对深井气举反循环钻进设备进行配套,同时对双壁钻杆下深、风量等工艺参数进行了现场试验优选。针对钻遇复杂破碎地层时返水（渣）通道经常堵塞无法顺利钻进的问题,研制出了适宜于破碎地层气举反循环钻进的防堵进水接头,同时对进水（渣）口进行保护,有效地解决了破碎地层气举反循环钻进易堵塞的难题,顺利完成了钻探任务。完善了极破碎热储层气举反循环钻进工艺技术,为气举反循环钻进工艺在破碎热储层的应用和推广打下了基础。     

集合均方根滤波同化地面自动站资料的技术研究

模式地形与观测站地形高度差异一直是地面资料同化面临的棘手问题,合理的同化方案能够将地面自动站资料有效的同化到中尺度数值模式中。本文首先采用Guo et al.(2002)的方案实现了在WRF模式中应用集合Kalman滤波方法同化地面自动站资料;然后对方案进行调整,对10 m高度风场、2 m高度位温、2 m高度露点和地表气压进行同化。通过均方根误差分析,模拟结果和同化增量分析来确定集合平方根滤波(EnSRF)同化地面自动站资料的有效性,并进行敏感性试验分析检验模式对各要素物理量的响应状况。结果表明:在EnSRF同化系统中应用Guo et al.(2002)的方案将地面自动站资料进行同化到数值模式中,能够部分改善模拟结果;地面观测资料(温度、湿度、风场、地表气压)中各物理量分别同化到数值模式都能影响18小时降水预报,但各物理量所起作用大小不同,其中对结果影响最大的是露点;使用位温、露点分别代替温度、比湿进行同化模拟效果更好,对自动站资料的同化也更加有效。     

埃塞俄比亚南部某风化壳型钽铌矿床地质特征

通过总结埃塞俄比亚南部某风化壳型钽铌矿区域地质、重砂化探异常、矿区地质、矿床特征,重点探讨了该类矿床的矿体、矿石特征、矿床成因及其控矿因素等,指出该区还有很多较好异常未得到验证,大量的含矿花岗伟晶岩、深部含矿花岗岩也未得到全面有效的控制,通过进一步工作,该区有望找到规模更大的风化壳型及其伟晶岩型、花岗岩型铌钽矿床。     

环境地质研究进展与展望

环境地质学与其他地质学科的最大区别是,把人类活动作为一种地质作用营力加以研究,这是前所未有的.面向国民经济、国家重大工程建设和城市化的快速兴起与发展,环境地质学科得到了迅速发展.关注气候变化、海岸带发展、城市化、地下水资源与地质环境的相互关系至关重要.要重视地质灾害形成发育的规律,特别是人类工程活动与自然地质作用相互关系的研究.地质灾害防治和群测群防,在今后一个相当长的时期内仍然是研究重点.持久地为社会、为公众、为政府服务,提高地质科学在环境保护中的作用与地位,提高公众对环境地质学的认知与认同,才能采取共同行动,为可持续发展做出贡献.     

导波式雷达水位计在潮位观测中的应用

文中简要介绍了雷达水位计的测量原理、分类和技术特点,并将其中的导波式雷达水位计和非接触式雷达水位计与传统的浮子式水位计进行了比较,说明了导波式雷达水位计应用于一些特定条件下潮位观测的优势。基于导波式雷达水位计设计了一套水位观测系统。简要介绍了该水位观测系统的系统组成、硬件设计、软件设计。针对该水位观测系统进行了计量检定,并进行了现场安装试验。在现场实验中将导波式雷达水位计数据与浮子式水位计数据进行比较,说明了采用该设计方案进行潮位观测的可行性。     

山东新泰地区绿岩带金的地球化学特征

本文概述了新泰地区绿岩带的基本特征,构造及其演化规律,提出花岗质岩石是由幔源物质上侵及绿岩带部分重熔形成的。文中用测得κ系数0.37,作为对比太古宙绿岩带中科马提岩的标准,并得出金在科马提岩中初始丰度值,其西带为5.99ppb,东带为2.37ppb,反映了太古宙期间本地区地幔含金的不均一性。运用算术、几何平均法,对绿岩带各岩石类型、地层单元、花岗质岩石及其岩脉的含金性统计结果表明有的岩石变异系数增大,有利于金的分散与集中。文中对金矿化带地质地球化学特征及其成晕机制进行了论述,确定了矿化带的地表与金呈明显正相关元素为Ag、As、Sb、Ph、Zn,负相关元素为Cu、Hg,矿化带的深部与金呈正相关的元素为Sb,而Ag、As、Hg、Cn、Pb、Zn则与金的相关系数趋于零。从而对区内绿岩带金矿成因进行探讨,提出了变质-岩浆-热液充填交代成矿模式,并初步提出找矿地段。     

FIRST REPORT OF BERO ZECO ACTIVE FAULT IN GÊRZÊ, NORTHERN TIBET

In the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, the active tectonics are primarily marked by conjugate strike slip faults and north-trending rifts, which represent the E-W extension since late Cenozoic of the plateau. The conjugate faults are mainly composed of NE-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults in Qiangtang terrane and NW-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults in Lhasa terrane. While, the rifts mainly strike N, NNW and NNE within southern Tibet. However, it is still a debate on the deformational style and specific adjustment mechanism of E-W extension. One of key reasons causing this debate is the lack of detailed investigation of these active faults, especially within the northwestern plateau. Recently, we found a 20km long, NNW-trending active fault at Bero Zeco in northwestern Tibet. This fault is presented as fault sag ponds, channel offsets and fault scarps. Displacement of channels and geomorphic features suggested that the Bero Zeco Fault(BZF)is a dextral strike-slip fault with a small amount of normal slip component, which may result from the E-W extensional deformation in the interior of Tibet. BZF strikes N330°~340°W, as shown on the satellite image. The main Quaternary strata in the studied area are two stages alluvial fans around the Bero Zeco. From the satellite images, the old alluvial fans were cut by the lake shoreline leaving many of lake terraces. And the young fans cut across the lake terraces and the old fans. By contrasting to the "Paleo-Qiangtang Huge Lake" since late Quaternary, these old alluvial fans could be late Pleistocene with age ranging from 40ka to 50ka. And the young fans could be Holocene. The sag ponds along the BZF are distributed in the late Pleistocene alluvial fans. Also, the BZF displaced the late Pleistocene fans without traces within Holocene fans, suggesting that the BZF is a late Pleistocene active fault. The fault scarps are gentler with the slope angle of around 10° and the vertical offset is about 2m by field measurement. Reconstruction of the offset of channels suggested that the accumulated dextral offset could be about 44m on the late Pleistocene alluvial fans. Therefore, we infer that the dextral slip-rate could be around 1mm/a showing a low-rate deformation characteristic. The angle between the strike of BZF and principal compressive stress axis(σ₁)is around 30°, which is significantly different to the other faults within the conjugate strike-slip fault zones that is 60°~75°. Now, the deformation mechanisms on these conjugate faults are mainly proposed in the studies of obtuse angle between the faults and σ₁, which is likely not applicable for the BZF. We infer that the BZF could be the northward prolongation of the north-trending rifts based on the geometry. This difference suggests that the conjugate strike-slip faults may be formed by two different groups:one is obtuse angle, which is related to block extrusion or shear zones in Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes possibly; the other is acute angle, which may represent the characteristics of new-born fractures. And more studies are needed on their deformation mechanisms.