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201.
Developing approaches to automate the analysis of the massive amounts of data sent back from the Moon will generate significant benefits for the field of lunar geomorphology. In this paper, we outline an automated method for mapping lunar landforms that is based on digital terrain analysis. An iterative self-organizing (ISO) cluster unsupervised classification enables the automatic mapping of landforms via a series of input raster bands that utilize six geomorphometric parameters. These parameters divide landforms into a number of spatially extended, topographically homogeneous segments that exhibit similar terrain attributes and neighborhood properties. To illustrate the applicability of our approach, we apply it to three representative test sites on the Moon, automatically presenting our results as a thematic landform map. We also quantitatively evaluated this approach using a series of confusion matrices, achieving overall accuracies as high as 83.34% and Kappa coefficients (K) as high as 0.77. An immediate version of our algorithm can also be applied for automatically mapping large-scale lunar landforms and for the quantitative comparison of lunar surface morphologies. 相似文献
202.
Neolithic culture series in the Yishu River Basin developed in the order of Beixin culture-Dawenkou culture-Longshan culture-Yueshi culture. During the early and middle stage of Longshan culture (4600-4300 cal. yr BP), the climate in the Yishu River Basin was warm and wet. Paddy-oriented agriculture planted paddy was very developed. The society was flourishing with great amount of archaeological sites. The cooling starting in 4200 cal. yr BP made the paddies shortfall in output or even no seeds were gathered. This situation intensified the discrepancy between population and resource. The scarcity in natural resource led to substantial decrease in population and subsequent drop in archaeological sites. About 4000 cal. yr BP Longshan culture was displaced by Yueshi culture which was relatively un- derdeveloped, simple and unsophisticated. 相似文献
203.
T. A. Shatilina G. Sh. Tsitsiashvili T. V. Radchenkova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(11):740-743
Peculiarities are investigated of the air temperature variation tendencies at some stations of the Far East in 1976–2005.
The estimate of linear trend equation coefficients is computed according to the air temperature observation data using the
least squares method. It is demonstrated that the air temperature trend in northern regions possesses a small probability
at small values of residual variability. In the southern regions, the trend significance increases for almost all seasons
at small values of residual variability. At midlatitude stations, the trend significance in January and February decreases
considerably due to the large values of residual variability. 相似文献
204.
Sequestration of large quantities of vitellogenin (VTG) is critical for proper oocyte development in most oviparous vertebrates. While previous studies have shown a general correlation between oocyte growth and the accumulation of various exogenous and endogenous ligands, few studies have attempted to elucidate the role VTG plays in this maternal transfer. In the present study, we have demonstrated that oocytic accumulation of [3H]-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (3H-TCDD) and [14C]-benzo(a)pyrene (14C-BaP) by gravid Fundulus heteroclitus is directly correlated with oocyte maturational status. A positive correlation was observed between oocyte maturational state (size) and both total quantity (total pmoles) as well as concentration (pmoles/g tissue) of TCDD and BaP. Further, the bi-phasic accumulation of both TCDD and BaP mirrors that previously observed for protein sequestration by cultured Fundulus oocytes. Additionally, both TCDD and BaP were associated with VTG in vivo. HPLC analysis of serum extracts has shown that VTG associates with both parent BaP and BaP metabolites. Studies with 125I-T4 (thyroxine) also suggest that this critical hormone also associates with VTG in vivo. Ongoing studies are examining the VTG-associated transport and oocytic sequestration of 125I-T4 in gravid Fundulus. 相似文献
205.
Vasil’ev D. Yu. Vodopyanov V. V. Zayzeva G. S. Zakirzyanov Sh. I. Semenov V. A. Sivokhip Zh. T. Chibilev A. A. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2019,486(2):724-727
Doklady Earth Sciences - The results of long-term forecasting of the spring runoff in the Belaya River basin based on the water-balance model are presented. The structure and parameters of the... 相似文献
206.
Paul F. McMillan Brent T. Poe Thomas R. Stanton Richard L. Remmele 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1993,19(7):454-459
We have obtained high quality Raman spectra for two H/D isotopically substituted hydrous aluminosilicate glasses with compositions along the NaAlSi3O8-SiO2 join. Consistent with the results of previous studies, the isotope shift for the band near 900 cm–1, whose intensity grows with increasing water content, is extremely small: v
h
/v
d
= 1.004 ± 0.004. The lack of a definite H/D isotope shift for this band does not, however, preclude its association with a vibration of a hydrous species in the glass, because of likely strong coupling between different vibrational modes of hydrated framework species. The 900 cm–1 band could well be due to a T — OH (T = Si, Al) stretching or bending vibration in the hydrous glass, as required by the presence of a combination band near 4500 cm–1 in near-infrared spectra. 相似文献
207.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate current knowledge and uncertainties associated with the impact of increasing greenhouse
gas and aerosol concentrations on the West African monsoon. For this purpose, coupled and time-slice simulations are used.
A global measure of the monsoon changes is defined in order to avoid regional biases and to try and obtain significant results.
The position and width of the monsoon in latitude are the main focuses. There is almost no agreement between the Coupled General
Circulation models from the Coupled models Inter-Comparison project—Phase II in regard to the impact of climate change on
the monsoon. Moreover, very simple discriminations between the models seem inappropriate to get a better signal. The role
of the different forcings in time-slice simulations is then investigated. The sea surface temperature (SST) and particularly
the pattern of the SST are shown to be the most important forcing. This accounts for the diversity of the results either from
the coupled or the forced simulations with different SST changes. With a fixed SST, but of a smaller magnitude in AMJ, there
are still uncertainties, coming first from the Atmospheric General Circulation models and the way they balance greenhouse
gas and global SST increase. Finally the uncertainty due to the Land Surface models (LSMs) is not negligible. The greenhouse
gas and the LSMs are shown to have more impact in August, when the monsoon is at its highest latitude on the continent. 相似文献
208.
A GIS-implemented, deterministic approach for the automated spatial evaluation of geometrical and kinematical properties of
rock slope terrains is presented. Based on spatially distributed directional information on planar geological fabrics and
DEM-derived topographic attribute data, the internal geometry of rock slopes can be characterized on a grid cell basis. For
such computations, different approaches for the analysis and regionalization of available structural directional information
applicable in specific tectonic settings are demonstrated and implemented in a GIS environment. Simple kinematical testing
procedures based on feasibility criteria can be conducted on a pixel basis to determine which failure mechanisms are likely
to occur at particular terrain locations. In combination with hydraulic and strength data on geological discontinuities, scenario-based
rock slope stability evaluations can be performed. For conceptual investigations on rock slope failure processes, a GIS-based
specification tool for a 2-D distinct element code (UDEC) was designed to operate with the GIS-encoded spatially distributed
rock slope data. The concepts of the proposed methodology for rock slope hazard assessments are demonstrated at three different
test sites in Germany. 相似文献
209.
Distribution of arsenic and mercury in subtropical coastal beachrock,Gulf of Mannar,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J Dajkumar Sahayam N Chandrasekar S Krishna Kumar G Victor Rajamanickam 《Journal of Earth System Science》2010,119(1):129-135
An assessment of coastal pollution was made on the basis of trace element concentrations (arsenic — As, mercury — Hg) in the
Gulf of Mannar. The beachrock samples were collected along the coastal tracts between Rameswaram and Kanyakumari. The samples
were dried and digested to determine the As and Hg using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS-air-acetylene and nitrous
oxide method). The As and Hg accumulation status of the beachrock was assessed using geo-accumulation index values (I
geo). The accumulation of As and Hg in the beachrock ranges from 2.75 to 20.72 μg g−1 and from 0.06 to 0.31 μg g−1, respectively. The As and Hg concentrations in the beachrocks are compared with crustal average values and average of other
region sediments. The possible source of the contamination is from atmospheric deposition and anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
210.
J. I. Rostovceva A. N. Stafeev T. V. Sukhanova I. V. Latysheva V. L. Kosorukov 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2016,71(4):281-289
Based on the spore-pollen data, the mineral composition of clay rocks, analyzed structures and facies, and a general paleogeographic analysis, the sedimentation conditions and landscapes of islands located during the Late Bajocian in the region of the present-day the Crimean Mountains have been reconstructed. It is shown that the sublatitudinally elongated insular land zone had a width of 30 km, the heights of the islands were no more than 1 km, with steep mudflow-affected northern slopes and with an extensive river system on the southern slopes. 相似文献