A discussion on analytical and numerical modelling of the land subsidence induced by coal seam gas extraction

Coal seam gas (CSG) is an increasingly important source of natural gas all over the world. Although the influence of conventional oil and gas extraction on surface subsidence has been widely recognized and studied, few studies are carried out on the surface subsidence in coal seam gas fields and its impact on surface infrastructure and the environment. This paper discusses modelling of the surface subsidence associated with coal seam gas production by applying both analytical and numerical methods. By comparison of results from the numerical model and two analytical models, i.e. the disc-shaped reservoir model and the uniaxial compaction model, the analytical solutions cannot describe the complex process of water and gas extraction and have the limitations to predict the surface subsidence, while the numerical model can be better used in prediction of subsidence. After applying the numerical model in numerical analysis, the deformation characteristics of coupled fluid flow, and the effects of permeability change of coal seam, associated overlying and underlying layers, and depressurization rates on surface subsidence are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can simulate the production of water and gas from coal seams and the associated surface subsidence.     

可持续饮食系统的尺度逻辑——基于中国、巴西、南非的案例

农业工业化和“去地化”的生产模式、不透明的流通过程以及膨胀的消费欲望致使饮食系统危机不断,其可持续性成为全球尺度的挑战。当前饮食系统的可持续性研究面临尺度问题,涉及从全球地方的目标转化,以及从地方到全球的经验反馈两个方面。首先,全球尺度的可持续目标宏大包容,但是对地方尺度的差异性缺乏关照。其次,部分西方国家的可持续实践垄断了经验表达,过于重视社区等微观尺度而忽略了其他尺度的潜在作用,引发“尺度陷阱”。本文深入剖析中国、巴西、南非的饮食系统内部各类参与者的可持续性建构,提出全球和地方可持续饮食系统互动的尺度逻辑：① 从全球到地方的目标转化需要兼顾地方差异。中国、巴西、南非各自生成优先的可持续目标,分别针对食品安全、食物原真性和食物浪费、结构性的食物匮乏等问题。这些目标之间充满张力和博弈,不能等同替代。② 从地方到全球的经验反馈需要打破西方经验赋予的微观尺度的优越性,转向跨尺度的实践。发展中国家的可持续实践路径的要义在于发挥饮食系统各类参与者的能动性,调动资源形成有效的跨尺度行动网络。③ 发展中国家的经验表明尺度本身是方法,而不是目的,每个具体的可持续目标与适切的尺度方法匹配。有必要研究建议挖掘多元、差异的可持续模式,更加有针对性地促进当地乃至全球饮食系统的可持续发展。     

流动群体跨地方饮食适应的多元策略及身份协商——广州案例

流动性语境中,流动群体因其承载的源地文化基因与在地饮食文化的碰撞,不可避免地陷入维系源地饮食与融入在地饮食的两难境地,从而引发了饮食调适与身份焦虑等问题。尽管学界探讨了流动群体在不同饮食文化影响下的调适策略,但大多将固守源地文化与接纳在地文化进行对立,忽视了个体能动的协商过程。论文基于文化地理学视角,以广州流动群体为研究对象,分析他们在跨地方饮食适应过程中采取的多元策略及身份协商。研究发现,在不同地方饮食文化的影响下,流动群体跨地方饮食适应的策略包括饮食同化、饮食融合、饮食隔离与饮食边缘化。在不同策略之下,流动群体的日常饮食实践呈现出差异化的特征,并使得原本单一的源地身份认同趋于复杂化。论文提出了跨地方饮食适应的分析框架,讨论了饮食适应的多元策略与身份协商之关系,为文化地理学视角下的移民与饮食研究提供了新的理论视野,在实践层面上有利于促进流动群体的饮食适应与社会融入。     

On the evaluation of deflections of the vertical using FFT technique

There exist three types of convolution formulae for the efficient evaluation of gravity field convolution integrals, i.e., the planar 2D convolution, the spherical 2D convolution and the spherical 1D convolution. The largest drawback of both the planar and the spherical 2D FFT methods is that, due to the approximations in the kernel function, only inexact results can be achieved. Apparently, the reason is the meridian convergence at higher latitudes. As the meridians converge, the ??,?λ blocks do not form a rectangular grid, as is assumed in 2D FFT methods. It should be pointed out that the meridian convergence not only leads to an approximation error in the kernel function, but also causes an approximation error during the implementation of 2D FFT in computer. In order to meet the increasing need for precise determination of the vertica deflections, this paper derives a more precise planar 2D FFT formula for the computation of the vertical deflections. After having made a detailed comparison between the planar and the spherical 2D FFT formulae, we find out the main source of errors causing the loss in accuracy by applying the conventional spherical 2D FFT method. And then, a modified spherical 2D FFT formula for the computation of the vertical deflections is developed in this paper. A series of numerical tests have been carried out to illustrate the improvement made upon the old spherical 2D FFT. The second part of this paper is to discuss the influences of the spherical harmonic reference field, the limited capsize, and the singular integral on the computation of the vertical deflections. The results of the vertical deflections over China by applying the spherical 1D FFT formula with different integration radii have been compared to the astro-observed vertical deflections in the South China Sea to obtain a set of optimum deflection computation parameters.     

唐山地区基岩地震动峰值衰减特征研究

基于搜集的唐山地区的强震记录数据,采用考虑地震动峰值加速度、近距离和震级的三种衰减模型,然后利用数理统计回归的方法对这些模型的结果进行了对比和分析,获得了唐山地区基岩场地峰值加速度衰减关系.并用2012年5月28日的唐山4.8级地震对此衰减关系进行了验证.     

跨地方饮食文化生产的过程研究──基于符号化的原真性视角

全球化是去地方化,抑或在全新体系中定义新的地方性、凸显地方性,学术界对此一直存在争论。伴随全球化进程,地方性饮食追逐人口流动跨地方扩展,这些跨地方饮食在保持文化原真性和适应本地顾客需求方面挣扎。如何保持原真性,保持何种原真性成为跨地方饮食文化生产的焦点。本文通过对地方性与跨地方、原真性与符号化的相关研究进行梳理,基于饮食文化原真性的理论分析,揭示了“原真性的符号化”这一跨地方饮食文化生产的重要过程。与此同时,还阐述了在跨地方饮食文化生产过程中,原真性符号化的必然性及其循环过程,旨在为跨地方饮食文化生产提供理论依据和实践指引,同时也有利于理解地方性文化的跨地方传播、创新与发展。     

Consolidation Parameters Interpretation of CPTU Dissipation Data Based on Strain Path Theory for Soft Jiangsu Quaternary Clays

When a piezocone (CPTU) penetrates the ground, pore pressures are set up due to the stress changes. Pore pressure dissipation occurs in the subsequent consolidation process in a manner dependent on the initial stress distribution. The process of analysis can be used to interpret the consolidation parameters from CPTU data based on strain path approach. For the two approaches to the CPTU analysis, the Houlsby and Teh method used an elastic-plastic model, while the Levadoux and Baligh solution used parameters specifically appropriate for Boston Blue Clay. This article discusses a comparison between the two theoretical predictions and field CPTU measurements deployed in Jiangsu (China) Quaternary clays. The values of the coefficient of consolidation calculated from the two methods are then compared with high-quality laboratory tests. Both theoretical predictions provide good agreement for the shape of the dissipation curve, but the predicted c _h values are different and thought should indeed be given to the use of an appropriate value of G/s _u.     

高强混凝土框架柱的地震损伤模型

本文首先讨论了现有的几种地震损伤模型及其特点,然后计算出试验框架柱累积滞回耗能随加载循环水平的变化,分析和讨论了轴压比、箍筋形式、配箍率、纵向配筋率、混凝土强度等级以及剪跨比对累积滞回耗能的影响。根据现有的损伤模型,对试验框架柱的损伤指数进行了分析比较,给出了符合高强混凝土框架柱和普通混凝土框架柱的地震损伤模型。根据损伤指数随加载循环水平的变化规律,分析和讨论了剪跨比、轴压比以及配箍率对损伤的影响。最后通过对各地震损伤模型的比较分析,提出了高强混凝土框架柱的地震损伤模型。     

海空重力测量及应用技术研究进展与展望(三):数据处理与精度评估技术

系统分析总结了海空重力测量数据预处理即各项环境效应改正技术的研究现状及发展方向,简要论述了海空重力测量数据精细处理即数据滤波与误差补偿技术的研究动态及发展前景,分析讨论了海空重力测量精度评估技术的研究进展及发展思路,为海空重力测量数据处理及精度评估技术的未来发展提供参考。     

太康M_S4.7地震目标区浅层结构探测

2010-10太康地区发生的M_S4.7地震和许昌-太康断裂的活动构造有关,而许昌-太康断裂在地表未留下任何构造痕迹,处于隐伏构造和隐伏活动状态。为了研究该区域的地壳浅部结构、断裂的空间展布及断裂的活动性,2015-10在太康县城以西震中区域完成了3条跨许昌-太康断裂的浅层地震反射剖面。结果表明,在深度1 000m以内,地震剖面揭示了5条断裂特征清楚的正断层,其中位于剖面南部向北倾的4条断层和位于剖面北部1条向南倾的断层形成相向倾斜关系,剖面上能分辨的断裂深度在75~150m之间,到达第四系地层,并且处于活动构造状态,这些断层可能和太康多次发生的地震有关。