刘家峡水库西南部水域表层沉积物重金属污染评价

为了研究刘家峡水库西南部水域表层沉积物中重金属的污染状况,对采集的55个表层沉积物样品中的6种重金属元素Cr、Cd、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb的含量进行测试,其平均含量分别为77.03μg/g、0.16μg/g、33.53μg/g、32.09μg/g、291.77μg/g、22.44μg/g。在研究表层沉积物重金属含量空间分布的基础上,运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法,综合判断水库的受污染程度并对其潜在生态风险进行评估。6种元素的地累积指数排序依次为：Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cr;潜在生态风险系数排序依次为：Cd > Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Cr;各区域重金属污染程度或潜在生态风险水平依次为黄河主河道 > 大夏河河口 > 黄河横剖面。综合4种方法的评价结果,认为对刘家峡水库西南部表层沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价贡献率较高的重金属污染因子是Zn、Cu和Cd;综合相关性分析与主成分分析,认为研究区沉积物重金属污染主要来源于两个方面：（1） Zn、Cu主要来源于生活污染或工业污染;（2） Cd主要来源于工农业活动产生的污染。     

东昆仑夏日哈木退变质榴辉岩地球化学、年代学特征及其地质意义

本文对东昆仑夏日哈木退变质榴辉岩开展岩石地球化学和年代学研究,探讨其原岩性质和构造背景。岩石SiO₂含量为46.77%~49.31%,Al₂O₃含量为13.6%~14.6%,TiO₂含量为0.93%~2.29%,全碱（K₂O+Na₂O）含量为1.61%~2.66%,原岩属亚碱性玄武岩系列中的拉斑玄武岩。（La/Yb）_N=0.98~1.63,（La/Sm）_N=0.98~1.41,δEu=1.10~1.28,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图呈弱Eu正异常的右倾型,岩石相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba和不相容元素U,相对亏损高场强元素Zr、Hf,Hf/Th=0.59~0.97,Th/Yb=0.13~0.27,显示其原岩具E-MORB特征。退变质榴辉岩的锆石Th/U比值为0.002~0.091,为变质成因锆石,其锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄为414.2 ±7.3 Ma,代表了退变质榴辉岩的峰变质年龄,结合区域地质背景,认为该岩石形成于早泥盆世早期由碰撞作用向碰撞后伸展作用转换的构造环境。     

岩石膨胀性试验注意事项探讨

从室内试验的角度来探讨几类工程勘察中岩石常用膨胀性试验(自由膨胀率、膨胀力、侧向约束膨胀率、耐崩解)的注意事项,从野外取样、标准样品制取、试验操作、方法选择等方面进行了论述,力求减小试验误差,提高膨胀岩的试验水平,保证试验结果的准确性,并使膨胀岩膨胀性指标的测定方法更臻完善。     

Mineralogy,Fluid Inclusion,and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Studies of the Intrusion‐Related Yangla Cu Deposit in the Sanjiang Region,SW China: Implications for Metallogenesis and Deposit Type

The Yangla deposit is an intrusion‐related Cu deposit in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt (eastern Sanjiang region, SW China). Despite extensive studies that have been conducted on this deposit, the relationship between the granitic magma and Cu mineralization is still unclear, and hence, the genesis is debated. To answer this question, we conducted an integrated study of mineralogy, fluid inclusions (FIs), and hydrogen and oxygen (H‐O) isotopes. Three mineralization stages were identified based on the ore textures, alteration zonation, and crosscutting relationships: (i) pre‐ore prograde skarn (stage I), with the garnet and pyroxene dominated by andradite and diopside, respectively; (ii) syn‐ore retrograde alteration (stage II), which is subdivided into the early syn‐ore stage (stage IIa) marked by retrograde hydrated mineral assemblages and significant Fe‐Cu‐Mo‐Pb‐Zn sulfide mineralization, and the late syn‐ore stage (stage IIb) featured by quartz‐calcite veins; and (iii) late supergene mineralization (stage III), which is characterized by secondary azurite and malachite. These results of mineralogy, FIs, and H‐O isotopes indicate that: (i) Cu mineralization has a close temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship with skarn alteration; (ii) the ore fluids were magmatic dominated with late‐stage meteoric water incursion; and (iii) Type‐S (halite‐bearing) and Type‐V (vapor‐rich) FIs coexisted in garnet and clinopyroxene of stage I, indicating that fluid boiling might have occurred during this stage. From stage I to stage IIa, the FI type transformed from Type‐S + Type‐V + Type‐L (liquid‐rich) to Type‐V + Type‐L with the conduct of mineralization and was accompanied by the disappearance of Type‐S, and homogenization temperature and salinity also tended to decrease dramatically, which may be caused by the deposition of skarn minerals. At stage IIa, boiling of the ore fluids still continued due to the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure, which triggered the precipitation of abundant quartz‐Cu‐Mo‐Fe sulfides. Furthermore, fluid mixing between a high‐temperature magmatic fluid and a low‐temperature meteoric water might cause a considerable drop in temperature and the deposition of Cu‐bearing quartz/calcite veins during stage IIb. Hence, we consider the Yangla deposit to be of a skarn type, genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism in the Sanjiang region.     

Concurrent Determination of U‐Pb Age and REE Mass Fractions of Zircon by High Mass Resolution SIMS

A combined geochronological and geochemical investigation for the same domain of zircon provides valuable information on timing and genesis, particularly in the case of multi‐growth metamorphic zircon. A high spatial resolution concurrent analytical method for zircon U‐Pb age and rare earth element content was successfully achieved in this study, using a multi‐collector secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) at a ~ 8 μm diameter scale. Special instrument parameters were employed, including a high mass resolution of approximately 15000 applied to replace the previous energy filter method, and a dynamic multi‐collector mode used to reduce the measurement time to 18 min per analysis. Six zircon reference materials yielded precise and accurate ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages, which are comparable to those obtained by the ordinary mono‐collector method, but with 2–3 times higher spatial resolution. All zircon grains measured in this study showed enriched heavy‐REE (HREE) contents consistent with previously reported values determined by LA and solution ICP‐MS methods. The light‐REE (LREE) mass fractions measured using both SIMS and LA‐ICP‐MS methods in this study, although with quite different volume, show consistent results within uncertainties.     

Measurement of local and volumetric deformation in geotechnical triaxial testing using 3D-digital image correlation and a subpixel edge detection algorithm

Based on the three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique, the stereovision system has been applied to the improved triaxial apparatus to obtain 3D full-field deformation of the specimen during triaxial testing. Through the calibration process, the 3D-DIC technique can obtain the accurate specimen’s spatial displacement deformation. Meanwhile, a subpixel edge detection algorithm has been combined with 3D-DIC technique to calculate the radial strain and the volume strain of the specimen directly. Furthermore, a series of consolidated drained and undrained triaxial tests were carried out on Hainan (China) sand specimens and measured by the conventional and the image measurement methods. Compared to the results measured by the conventional method, the image measurement technique can obtain the more experimental data, such as the 3D displacement field of the whole specimen, the local strain distribution, and so on. The measurement results also show the conventional method would be disturbed by the end constraints in triaxial tests so that the strength of the soil would be overestimated. Meanwhile, the middle of the specimen would be selected to calculate the stress–strain relationship without the influence of the end constraints in the proposed method. Based on the image measurement results, the proposed method has the potential to be used in geotechnical tests for exploring the soil’s progressive failure behaviors, inhomogeneous deformation and mechanical characteristics.

     

The role of salinity in fluvio-deltaic morphodynamics: A long-term modelling study

Salinity difference between terrestrial river discharge and oceanic tidal water plays a role in modifying the local flow field and, as a consequence, estuarine morphodynamics. Although widely recognized, recent numerical studies exploring the long-term morphological evolution of river-influenced estuaries with two-dimensional, depth-averaged models have mostly neglected salinity. Using a three-dimensional morphodynamic model, we aim to gain more insight into the effect of salinity on the morphodynamics of fluvio-deltaic systems. Model results indicate that the resultant estuarine morphology established after 600 years differs remarkably when a salinity gradient is included. A fan-shaped river-mouth delta exhibits less seaward expansion and is cut through by narrower channels when salinity is included. The inclusion of salinity tends to generate estuarine circulation, which favours landward sediment transport and hence limits the growth of the delta while enhancing the development of intertidal areas. The formation of deltaic channel–shoal patterns resulting from morphodynamic evolution tends to strengthen salinity stratification, which is characterized by an increased gradient Richardson number. The direction of the depth-averaged residual sediment transport over a tide may be opposite to the direction of residual velocity, indicating the significant influence of baroclinic effects on the net sediment transport direction (and hence morphological change). The effect of salinity on morphological evolution becomes less profound when the strength of tidal or fluvial forcing is dominant over the other. The effects of sediment type and flocculation, which are particularly important when salinity gradients are present, are also discussed. Overall, this study highlights that neglecting salinity to simulate long-term estuarine morphodynamics requires more careful justification, particularly when the environment is characterized by fine sediment types (favouring suspended transport), and relatively large river discharge and estuarine depth (favouring baroclinic effects). © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震异构云管理平台的技术架构设计

基于Open Stack的开源标准体系,结合中国地震台网中心和中国地震局第二监测中心的云基础设施现状,设计两级云管理架构,以异构云管理平台作为综合管理平台,纳管区域云管理平台,以统一门户的方式对地震行业云计算资源进行统一管理;通过容器化部署异构云管理平台,初步实现对地震行业云计算资源的统一监控和运行管理。     

涉县盆地控盆构造晚第四纪活动特征

涉县断裂为太行山隆起区内涉县盆地的控盆构造,走向由NE转为近EW向,倾向NW/N,中部在井店东被EW向断裂错断,是控制涉县盆地的一组断裂。本文采用地质地貌调查、河流阶地分析和地质测年等方法,研究了涉县断裂晚第四纪活动特征。研究发现,涉县断裂带由多组断裂构成,带宽约200m,在清漳河两侧表现为山前的陡崖地貌、基岩破碎变形带,具有正断兼走滑特征,在基岩变形带上部发育走向NNE向和NWW向次级滑动面,次级滑动面错断第四系黄土,最新活动到晚更新世;断裂在盆地区通过,地表形成低缓陡坎,断裂错断Q2-3地层,表现为上陡下缓的正断层。通过对涉县断裂两侧清漳河河流阶地、夷平面和地层年龄综合分析,估算涉县断裂晚更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.06～0.08mm/a,中更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.22～0.34mm/a,垂直差异活动主要发生于中更新世期间。     

Storm surge risk assessment method for a coastal county in China: case study of Jinshan District,Shanghai

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - Storm surges, which may cause considerable casualties and economic losses, are among the most serious natural disasters that threaten the...