地理信息系统GIS在地籍、地形测量中的运用

本文利用地理信息系统(GIS)对测绘地形、地籍以及生成土地证、房产证等一些图件进行说明，并作相应的转换处理，满足了地籍管理工作的需要。     

Geochemistry of Mesoproterozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Western Kunlun Mountains: Evidence for Plate Tectonic Evolution

Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks occurring in the north of the western Kunlun Mountains can be divided into two groups. The first group (north belt) is an reversely-evolved bimodal series. Petrochemistry shows that the alkalinity of the rocks decreases from early to late: alkaline→calc-alkaline→tholeiite, and geochemistry proves that the volcanic rocks were formed in rifting tectonic systems. The sedimentary facies shows characteristics of back-arc basins. The second (south belt) group, which occurs to the south of Yutian-Minfeng-Cele, is composed of calc-alkaline island arc (basaltic) andesite and minor rhyolite. The space distribution, age and geochemistry of the two volcanite groups indicate that they were formed in a back-arc basin (the first group) and an island arc (the second group) respectively and indicate the plate evolution during the Mesoproterozoic. The orogeny took place at -1.05 Ga, which was coeval with the Grenville orogeny. This study has provided important geological data for explorin     

Cenozoic Adakite-type Volcanic Rocks in Qiangtang, Tibet and Its Significance

Volcanic rocks in the study area, including dacite, trachyandesite and mugearite, belong to the intermediate-acid, high-K calc-alkaline series, and possess the characteristics of adakite. The geochemistry of the rocks shows that the rocks are characterized by SiO2>59%, enrichment in A12O3(15.09-15.64%) and Na2O (>3.6%), high Sr (649-885 μg/g) and Sc, low Y contents (<17 μg/g), depletion in HREE (Yb<1.22 μg/g), (La/Yb)N>25, Sr/Y>40, MgO<3% (Mg<0.35), weak Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu=0.84-0.94), and lack of the high field strength elements (HFSE) (Nb, Ta, Ti, etc.). The Nd and Sr isotope data (87Sr/86Sr=0.7062-0.7079, 143Nd/144Nd=0.51166-0.51253, εNd= -18.61-0.02), show that the magma resulted from partial melting (10%-40%) of newly underplated basaltic lower crust under high pressure (1-4 GPa), and the petrogenesis is obviously affected by the crust's assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC). This research will give an insight into the uplift mechanism of the Tibetan plateau.     

贵州五指山背斜纳雍枝铅锌矿地质特征及找矿前景分析

纳雍枝铅锌矿床位于五指山背斜北东部,是五指山矿集区的组成部分.区内铅锌矿体产于清虚洞组的白云岩中,自下而上共划分为9个矿体层,属沉积型铅锌矿床.矿石类型为碳酸盐岩型铅锌矿石.五指山地区位于紫云-垭都深大断裂的北东侧,南东侧有安顺-凯里深断裂,这些深断裂是纳雍枝矿床深部物质来源的前提,次一级的构造为矿床的形成提供了矿质流动的通道.五指山背斜Pb、Zn综合异常明显的部位,异常与区内构造较吻合,与矿床(点)展布方向一致.该矿床与典型密西西比河谷铅锌矿床具有较高的可比性.通过对纳雍枝铅锌矿床地质特征的总结及分析,认为五指山地区的找矿前景十分广阔.     

地理信息科学实践能力培养的校企合作方式研究

地理信息科学是一门实践性很强的学科,企业实习是培养学生实践能力的重要途径.本文将校外企业实习基地归纳为散点型、面片型和联网型三种类型,将校企合作归纳为临时挂钩、固定合作和深度融合三种模式,建立了集中实习与分散实习、分层次实习与分阶段实习、循环实习与换位实习和顶岗实习与体验实习等几种企业实习模式,通过产学研结合和"双导师...     

贵州独山下泥盆统丹林组陆相地层中的U形潜穴

具蹼状构造的垂直 U形潜穴 Diplocraterion广泛产出于全球寒武纪—古近纪的滨浅海相中 ,被认为是 Seilacher(196 4 ,196 7)的 Skolithos遗迹相的主要分子 ,也见于中—新生代的河湖相中 ,被视为高能环境的重要分子。Diplocraterion在古生代陆相地层中的发现仍是首次。产于贵州独山丹林组陆相地层具有水平层理的黑色泥岩中的 Diplocraterion dushanensis ichnosp.nov.其近于平行的 U形栖管由许多的节管组成 ,节管和蹼状构造可能系造迹生物的居住潜穴阶段性地随沉积物的增厚而向上移动的过程中所形成 ,其造迹生物主要生活于泛滥平原相对平静贫氧的水体环境中。     

K-Ar Geochronology of Mesozoic Mafic Dikes in Shandong Province, Eastern China: Implications for Crustal Extension

Based on K-Ar isotope analyses, Mesozoic mafic (and alkali ultramafic) dikes from western and eastern Shandong Province, China, are dated at 88.2±1.70 Ma to 169.5±3.7 Ma with the majority of ages ranging from 90 Ma to 140 Ma. The emplacement of the dikes suggests a major Yanshanian (Cretaceous) crustal extension in Shandong province. Together with other available age data, this study suggests four periods of crustal extension at about 80 Ma, 100 Ma, 120 Ma and 140 Ma, respectively. Besides the effect of collapse of the Yanshanian orogenic belt on the emplacement of the mafic dikes in Shandong in the Cretaceous, the mantle plume and the extensive left-lateral advection and extension of the Tanlu fault also have controlled the crustal extension and the emplacement of the mafic dikes in eastern Shandong and western Shandong, respectively.     

新矿物——铊明矾

铊明矾 (lanmuchangite ,TlAl[SO4]2 ·12H2 O)是在贵州滥木厂铊 (汞 )矿床富铊矿体氧化带中发现的一种铊的硫酸盐新矿物。该矿物为产于氧化带的次生矿物 ,其共生矿物为水绿矾、镁铝矾、钾明矾、黄钾铁矾、石膏、自然硫、砷华及某些未知矿物。其矿物集合体大小一般为 2～ 10mm ,集合体多为致密块状 ,单晶呈他形粒状 ,4 0～ 90 μm ,偶见平行柱状集合体 ,半自形至自形柱状晶体 ,直径 15～ 65 μm。白色至淡黄色 ,玻璃光泽 ,透明 ,易溶于水。偏光显微镜下无色 ,均质体 ,实测折光率为 1.4 95。维氏硬度为 94～ 12 4kg/mm2 ,摩氏硬度为 3 .1～ 3 .4 ,实测密度 2 .2 2 g/cm3。平均化学成分 :Tl2 O =3 3 .2 5 % ,Al2 O3=8.0 7% ,SO3=2 5 .19% ,SiO2=0 .10 % ,K2 O =0 .3 5 % ,CaO =0 .0 8% ,MgO =0 .0 6% ,FeO =0 .0 4 % ,H2 O =3 3 .4 6% ,总和 10 0 .60 % ,除结晶水由热重分析 (TG)求得 ( 3件样品平均 )外 ,其余成分均由电子探针分析 ( 6点平均 )求得。化学式为(Tl1.0 0 K0 .0 5) 1.0 5(Al1.0 1Si0 .0 2 Ca0 .0 1Mg0 .0 1Fe0 .0 1) 1.0 6 [SO4]2 .0 2 ·11.86H2 O ,理论式为TlAl[SO4]2 ·12H2 O。X射线粉末衍射主要强线 [d(I,hkl) ]为 :0 .4 3 14 ( 10 0 ,2 2 0 ) ,0 .2 80 1( 70 ,3 3 1) ,0 .70 3 ( 5 4 ,1     

新疆库鲁克塔格地区早寒武世硅质岩地球化学特征及其意义

新疆库鲁克塔格地区寒武系底部硅质岩发育,主要分布于西山布拉克组和西大山组中,厚度达到120m,发育有火山岩-硅质岩,硅质岩夹黑色页岩组合。通过对兴地大坂穷木库杜克剖面硅质岩的系统地球化学研究,硅质岩常量元素Al、Fe、Mn在Al-Fe-Mn三元图上投影落入热水沉积域中。西山布拉克组底部硅质岩富集As、Sb、Sr、Ba、U元素,Th/U值偏低,为0.758,往上逐渐增大,到西大山组硅质岩Th/U值达到8.448。寒武系底部西山布拉克组底部硅质岩具有稀土总量∑REE显著偏低(小于10×10-6)、LREE/HREE值偏低、Ce负异常显著、低的Ce/Ce值(小于0.8)、(La/Ce)N值(1.0~2.89)、Eu/Eu值(≥1)较大、(La/Lu)N值(3.63~6.98)较小等特征,说明有强烈的热水沉积作用。往上到西大山组硅质岩则具有稀土总量∑REE较高(大于10×10-6)、LREE/HREE值较高、Ce负异常明显、Ce/Ce值较大(0.8~1.29)、(La/Ce)N值变化不明显、Eu/Eu值较低(0.5~0.8)、(La/Lu)N值大(平均大于10)等特征,说明热水沉积作用减弱,但仍属热水沉积特征。硅质岩δ30Si和δ18O同位素分析表明,西山布拉克组和西大山组硅质岩为典型的热水成因硅质岩。硅质岩氧同位素测温表明,从下往上热水沉积硅质岩形成温度降低。西大山组底部硅质岩形成温度较高,达到80℃以上,随后温度逐渐降低,西大山组硅质岩形成的温度为69℃左右。新疆库鲁克塔格地区寒武系底部硅质岩地球化学特征表明,在早寒武世早期库鲁克塔格地区地壳发生强烈的拉张裂解作用,这种拉张裂解作用形成火山岩和硅质岩、硅质岩和黑色页岩组合,它们为早寒武世早期Rodinia大陆发生快速裂解作用提供了岩石学和地球化学证据。     

会泽超大型铅锌矿田方解石Sm-Nd等时线年龄及其地质意义

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿田由麟麒厂和矿山厂两个独立的铅锌矿床组成,方解石是两个矿床矿石中唯一的脉石矿物。本文利用方解石 Sm-Nd 等时线测定了麒麟厂6号矿体和矿山厂1号矿体的成矿时代。结果表明,会泽超大型铅锌矿田两个矿床的成矿时代一致,麒麟厂矿床为 226±15 Ma,矿山厂矿床为 225±38 Ma,如果把来自两个矿体的所有13个样品的数据作为一条等时线计算,在等时线图上仍然表现良好的线性关系,等时线年龄为222±14 Ma;结合地质、地球化学资料,认为两个矿床为同期同源成矿作用的产物。本文获得的会泽超大型铅锌矿床成矿时代与西南大面积峨眉山玄武岩成岩时代(250 Ma左右)在误差范围内接近,为“峨眉山玄武岩浆活动与铅锌成矿存在成因联系”提供了年代学证据。