神农架大九湖湿地摇蚊群落组成及其环境指示意义

泥炭地是一种水-陆过渡型的湿地生态系统。水体沼泽化过程中,植被等生物群落也随之改变,进而影响泥炭地碳埋藏和发育过程。作为泥炭地生态系统重要的次级生产者,摇蚊群落结构变迁可以为追溯泥炭地环境演变和发育历史提供关键线索。泥炭地在发育过程中将经历各种不同阶段,然而,现有的泥炭地摇蚊群落调查仅限于泥炭生境或泥炭地中开阔水域,较短的生境梯度不足以提供更为全面的摇蚊群落变化信息。神农架大九湖湿地包含泥炭地、湖泊、临时性水体等多种生境,本研究选择该湿地公园作为研究区域,通过采集不同生境的表层沉积物及水体样品,提取底泥亚化石摇蚊头壳,分析大九湖湿地中不同生境下的摇蚊群落结构差异,并对其与环境因子间的关系进行探讨。结果表明:1)大九湖湿地不同生境中摇蚊优势种迥异,泥炭藓藓丘生境中Limnophyes、Psilometriocnemus、Pseudosmittia等半陆生种类为主要优势种,湖泊生境中则以典型静水种Polypedilum nubeculosum-type为主要优势种,而过渡性水域(泥炭地洼地、沟渠及水洼生境)中,静水种与半陆生种共存;2)烧失量、水位埋深和pH是塑造不同生境类型下摇蚊群落结构的显著环境因子,水文条件主要通过改变碳积累过程等其他环境条件间接影响生物群落组成;3)沿水生-半陆生生境梯度,有机质含量和类型均发生显著变化,而摇蚊群落也由静水种、静水/半陆生共存转变为以半陆生种为主,摇蚊群落对生境变化表现出良好的响应过程。本研究揭示了不同生境条件下摇蚊群落的结构差异及影响摇蚊群落结构的潜在因子,为未来基于摇蚊的长时间尺度上泥炭地发育过程分析提供参考依据。     

华北地区断层运动与三维构造应力场的演化

利用华北地区断层形变测量资料，通过三维有限元模型，数值模拟了华北地区三维构造应力场的演化过程，得到了1986～1997年以一年为时间尺度的演化图象，并分析了应力场的演化特征；结合华北地区该时间段内的地震活动性，初步探讨了应力场的演化过程与地震活动性的关系．      

Wave height statistical characteristic analysis

When exploring the temporal and spatial change law of ocean environment, the most common method used is using smaller-scale observed data to derive the change law for a larger-scale system. For instance, using 30-year observation data to derive 100-year return period design wave height. Therefore,the study of inherent self-similarity in ocean hydrological elements becomes increasingly important to the study of multi-year return period design wave height derivation. In this paper, we introduced multifractal to analyze the statistical characteristics of wave height series data observed from oceanic hydrological station.An improvement is made to address the existing problems of the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis(MF-DFA) method, where trend function showed a discontinuity between intervals. The improved MFDFA method is based on signal mode decomposition, replacing piecewise polynomial fitting used in the original method. We applied the proposed method to the wave height data collected at Chaolian Island,Shandong, China, from 1963 to 1989 and was able to conclude the wave height sequence presented weak multi-fractality. This result provided strong support to the past research on the derivation of multi-year return period design wave height with observed data. Moreover, the new method proposed in this paper also provides a new perspective to explore the intrinsic characteristic of data.     

Determination of water level design for an estuarine city

Based on the extreme value theory,self-affinity,and scale invariance,we studied the temporal and spatial relationship and the variation of water level and established a model of Gumbel-Pareto distribution for designed flood calculation.The model includes the previous extreme value models,the over-threshold data,and the fractal features shared by previous extreme value models.The model was simplified into a logarithmic normal distribution and a Pareto distribution for specific parameter values,and was used to calculate the designed flood values for the Shanghai Wusong Station in 100-and 1 000-year return periods.The calculated results show that the value of the designed flood height calculated in the Gumbel-Pareto distribution is between those in the Gumbel and Pearson-III distributions.The designed flood values in the100-and 1 000-year return periods of the model were 0.0 3%and 0.11%lower,respectively,than the Gumbel distribution and 0.06%and 1.54%higher,respectively,than the Pearson-III distribution.Compared to the traditional model based solely on extreme probability,the Gumbel-Pareto distribution model could better describe the probabilistic characteristics of extreme marine elements and better use the data.     

Study on evaluation standard of uncertainty of design wave height calculation model

The accurate calculation of marine environmental design parameters depends on the probability distribution model, and the calculation results of different distr...     

塔里木盆地轮南地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层的控制因素分析

轮南地区下奥陶统潜山是一个具有良好勘探前景的油气富集区 ,但该区碳酸盐岩储层的不均一性及其预测的难度制约了该区勘探的进展 ,这也是碳酸盐岩地区油气勘探的难题之一。从影响碳酸盐岩储层发育的基本地质条件入手 ,对该区的构造特征、沉积环境及成岩作用分别进行了探讨 ,同时结合近年来的钻探成果进行了分析。结果表明 ,该区储层的储集性主要与次生孔隙有关 ,即主要受构造作用和成岩作用控制 ,而与沉积环境没有直接的关系 ,这一分析为该区碳酸盐岩储层的预测和评价提供了依据     

Research and Application of New Methods to Oil-Gas Geochemical Exploration

Based on the results of researches and applications for many years, it has been discovered that new methods and techniques for geochemical exploration of oil and gas such as AC, altered carbonate, Hg in absorption phase, Ks, Fe2+ ,δ13C, fluorescence in two and three dimensions, and N2 and O2 in heat release can give full play in the following five fields: (1) optimization of the favourable target or hollow zones and structural zones in a region; (2) evaluation of oil traps and delineation of prospective oil and gas areas; (3) prediction of deep-seated oil-bearing horizons; (4) evaluation of the genesis of oil and gas geochemical anomalies and determination of the types of oil and gas accumulations; (5) forecast of the burial depths of oil and gas pools.     

广西平桂矿区发现的砷钙铜矿

本砷钙铜矿发现于平桂矿区的岩溶堆积Au、Sn矿体的氧化带。经电子探针分析及湿法化学分析确定其主要成份是Cu、Ca、As,并含H_2O。计算的矿物化学式为(Ca,Mg)(Cu,Fe,Zn)(AsO_4,SiO_4,Al_2O_3)(OH)。单晶X射线分析测得晶胞参数a=7.33A,b=9.12A,c=5.79A,斜方晶系,空间群为P2_12_12_1。     

地球电化学勘查法寻找不同埋深隐伏金矿的研究

隐伏金矿在宏观和微观原电池的作用下，产生电化学溶解，形成金的离子晕。在不同埋深的隐伏金矿上方，利用地球电化学勘查法能提取到这些金离子晕，从而证明利用地球化学勘查法来寻找隐伏金矿的可行性。     

南四湖流域暴雨分布特征及可能日最大降水量计算

利用南四湖流域11县市1971～2007年的暴雨资料,分析南四湖流域首次和末次暴雨的开始和结束时间以及暴雨的时空分布特征,发现南四湖流域暴雨的时空分布差异较大,但日降水极值的概率分布却有一定规律,呈Λ(x)型渐进分布。利用耿贝尔分布计算南四湖流域多年一遇的日最大降水量极值,计算的未来10年、20年、40年的日最大降水量与历史上10年、20年、40年的日最大降水量重现期基本一致,对未来50～200年的估算值也具有一定的参考价值。