闽北公路某花岗岩残积土边坡的简单评价

根据对闽西公路某花岗岩残坡积土边坡岩土体地质条件及物性特征的分析研究,采用凝聚力和摩擦角作为评价指标,对不同情况下的边坡进行计算分析,为边坡治理提供依据.     

Correlation of the Tournaisian-Visean Boundary Beds

With the definition and adoption of the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Visean in China, the newly synthesized zonations and correlation of some significant fossil groups: foraminifera, conodont, coral and brachiopoda near the Tournaisian-Visean boundary beds are reviewed, which help in the recognition of the boundary in various sedimentary facies. The occurrence of two physical events, one pre- and one post- the Tournaisian-Visean boundary is emphasized, which allows for recognition of the position close to the Tournaisian-Visean boundary in the field. The regional correlation in southern China and international correlation throughout Eurasia around the Tournaisian-Visean boundary beds with the GSSP is proposed.     

Acid rain and alkalization in southwestern China: chemical and strontium isotope evidence in rainwater from Guiyang

A comprehensive study on the chemical compositions of rainwater was carried out from June 2007 to December 2008 in Guiyang, a city located on the acid rain control zone of southwest China. All samples were analyzed for pH, major anions (F⁻, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻), major cations (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺), Sr²⁺ and Sr isotope. The pH increase is due to the result of neutralization caused by the alkaline dust which contain large amount of CaCO₃. It was observed that Ca²⁺ was the most abundant cation with a volume-weighted mean (VWM) value of 217.6 μeq/L (52.7–1928 μeq/L), accounting for 66% (39%–88%) of the total cations. SO₄²⁻ was the most abundant anion with VWM value of 237.8 μeq/L (49.6-1643 μeq/L). SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻ were dominant among the anions, accounting for 66%–97% of the total measured anions. The Sr concentrations vary from 0.01 to 0.92 μmol/L, and strontium isotopic ratios vary in the range of 0.707684–0.710094, with an average of 0.708092. The elements ratios and the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios showed that the solutes of rainwater mainly come from weathering of carbonate and secondary dust input. Moreover, urbanization results in the calcium-rich dust increased and the high concentrations of alkaline ions (mainly Ca²⁺) have played an important role to neutralize the acidity of rainwater, leading to the increase of arithmetic pH mean value by 0.5 units since 2002. It is worth noting that the emission of SO₂ and NO_x from the automobile exhaust is increasing and is becoming another important precursor of acid rain now.     

PLC系统的防雷保护

为防御和减轻雷电对工业用PLC系统造成的损害,需要对该系统进行防雷保护。首先介绍了PLC系统的基本概念,然后从直击雷、屏蔽、接地、等电位连接、安装浪涌保护器等几个方面阐述如何对PLC系统进行防雷保护。     

威海市宝泉汤温泉成因及其对断裂和地震活动性的影响

威海市是胶东地区温泉资源比较丰富的地区,而研究温泉与断裂及地震活动性的关系具有非常重要的意义。宝泉汤温泉位于市区的东部,是一种富含各种微量元素、矿化度较高的地热水,水化学分析表明,温泉水属于Cl-Na.Ca型;温泉受NW向神道口断裂和近EW向城南河断裂的控制,大气降水和海水顺着断层或断裂破碎带下渗和深循环形成温泉,地热水循环深度能达到2 022.14m;温泉水循环对断裂及围岩有弱化作用,和温泉的热能释放作用一起降低了断裂和本区地震活动性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组震积岩及其地质意义

通过对26口井岩心观察,结合区域构造背景,在鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组中识别出典型的震积岩。该区震积岩代表性沉积构造有液化砂脉、液化卷曲变形、环状层理、负载构造、球枕构造、微断层、微裂缝、震裂岩与震碎角砾岩,其中液化砂脉和液化卷曲变形是地震引起的主要软沉积变形构造。震积岩垂向序列划分为两类:一种以脆性变形为主,自下向上依次为下伏未震层,扰动层,微断层、微裂缝及震裂岩层段,液化卷曲变形层段,震碎角砾岩层段,液化砂脉层段及上覆未震层;另一种以软沉积变形为主,自下至上依次为下伏未震层,环状层段,扰动层,球枕构造及负载构造层段,液化砂脉及液化卷曲变形层,枕状层及上覆未震层。富县探区延长组中的震积岩说明在该盆地晚三叠世存在一个强地震事件活跃期;震积岩中的微裂缝、微断层、震裂岩及液化砂脉可改善储集层物性,同时震碎角砾岩和网状砂脉也是良好的储集层。     

气象部门与高危行业气象信息直通系统

为切实做好气象部门与高危行业信息直通,使气象部门发布的气象预警信息在第一时间传至各高危行业,避免和减少因气象灾害引发的高危行业安全生产事故,济宁市气象部门和煤矿、电力、化工等高危行业建立了信息直通平台。该平台主要采用气象信息制作发布系统,实现了文本、图片、幻灯片、音频、视频等数据在internet网络环境的发布、管理和播出,并通过网络协议,保证信息安全、及时地传输。     

Strain responses of frozen clay with thermal gradient under triaxial creep

Thermal gradient is one of the main features for the temperature distribution in artificial frozen shaft lining (FSL). The time-dependent strain responses and the corresponding heterogeneity characteristics of frozen soils with thermal gradient are of potential significance for stability assessment and prediction of FSL, especially of the FSL embedded in thick alluvium. A series of triaxial creep tests were carried out on frozen saturated clay under various thermal gradients and creep stresses. The experimental results indicated that the triaxial creep curves for frozen clay with thermal gradient exhibit viscous characteristics, and the creep rate \(\Delta \varepsilon_{\text{a}} /\Delta t\) decreases with the increase in creep time \(t\) and decrease in thermal gradient. The stress–strain curve under different \(t\) showed that the creep stress has a marked growth when axial strain \(\varepsilon_{\text{a}} \le 1\,\%\). However, when \(\varepsilon_{\text{a}} \ge 1\,\%\), the growth rate decreases gradually. The deviation between measured radial strain \(\varepsilon_{\text{r}}^{\text{m}}\) under the middle specimen section height SSH and the calculated radial strain \(\varepsilon_{\text{r}}^{\text{c}}\) from the volumetric strain increases following a unified equation with the increase in axial strain. The radial strain \(\varepsilon_{\text{r}}^{\text{f}}\) for frozen clay with thermal gradient after experiment increases with the increase in SSH, and the slope of \( \varepsilon_{\text{r}}^{\text{f}} - {\text{SSH}} \) curve is significantly dependent on the thermal gradient and creep stress. The variation of \(\varepsilon_{\text{r}}^{\text{m}} - \varepsilon_{\text{r}}^{\text{c }}\) during experiment and \(\varepsilon_{\text{r}}^{\text{f}}\) distribution after experiment are the macro-responses of internal micro-heterogeneities in frozen soils induced from thermal gradient, and are closely related to strain rate and its variation. These observations and findings provide an insight into the creep mechanism and the estimation method of creep deformation for frozen soils with thermal gradient.     

末次冰消期内蒙古东部气候不稳定性:布日敦湖花粉记录

内蒙古东部植被是我国北方重要的生态系统屏障,东亚夏季风降水变化是影响当地水资源分布、植被演替、农牧业经济发展的重要因素.为了更好预测未来季风边缘带植被景观、降水变化趋势和评估干旱事件可能产生的影响,需要在该区域开展更多地质增温期历史相似型研究.本文选择生态系统脆弱、对夏季风变化响应敏感的内蒙古东部布日敦湖作为研究点,通过钻取长386 cm的湖泊沉积物并选取底部厚度176 cm(386~210 cm),分析其中的花粉指标,结合高精度AMS 14C测年,来重建该地区末次冰消期高分辨率植被演替过程和降水不稳定性特征.结果表明,布日敦湖岩芯386~210 cm沉积物年代跨度为14918~10693 a B. P..湖泊周围植被在14918~14167 a B. P.为以蒿属、禾本科等草本植物为主的草原景观;而在14167~12695 a B. P.,以桦属为代表的先锋树种出现在湖泊西部山地丘陵区,并逐渐发展成为以桦属为建群种的温带落叶阔叶林;12695~11505 a B. P.,桦属和其他阔叶乔木明显减少,湖泊西部地区植被迅速退化为开阔的疏林草原景观;11505~10693 a B. P.,植被逐渐恢复为与现今类似的森林草原交错生长群落.乔木/非乔木花粉含量比值( AP/NAP)和主要陆生植物花粉百分比主成分分析(PCA)结果说明,研究区植被演替主要受降水控制.将该结果与沉积相、沉积速率变化相结合,证明14512 a B. P.布日敦湖流域内降水突然增加,在14512~12695 a B. P.期间气候最为湿润,并伴随3次百年尺度降水波动事件.而12695 a B. P.时降水迅速减少,在12695~11505 a B. P.发生千年尺度干旱事件.布日敦湖地区降水变化总体趋势与北方季风边缘带其他高分辨率湖泊记录相似,但内部结构存在一定差异.在年代误差范围内,降水突变与北高纬博令-阿勒罗德(BA)间冰阶和新仙女木(YD)冰阶温度异常事件发生时间相一致.北半球夏季太阳辐射岁差周期变化、北大西洋经向反转环流(AMOC)循环速率、西风急流强度和位置等均可能导致西太平洋副热带高压位置异常偏移,进而影响东亚夏季风北部边缘带降水变化.     

山门银矿床物化探勘查效果及标志

本文着重阐述了山门银矿床地球物理、地球化学特征及物化探勘查效果。建立了山门锻矿床平面的物化探找矿标志和卧龙、龙王剖面的物化探找矿标志。总结了物化探方法与地质互相配合综合找矿的有效性。