刚性伞式吸力锚基础（USAF）地基海床土变形拟静力数值分析

介绍了海上风机新型伞式吸力锚基础（USAF）的结构优势与工作特性,构建了USAF基础有限元模型,通过水平拟静力法数值模拟,重点分析了USAF基础锚体地基海床土的受力变形规律,土体的失效破坏模式,最大剪应力区和锚体的转动中心。最后,将USAF基础与常规单筒吸力锚基础承载模型进行比较,结果表明,伞式吸力锚基础（USAF）具有明显的水平承载优势,伞式吸力锚基础（USAF）在海上风电工程中应用前景广阔。     

Dissolved rare earth elements in river waters draining karst terrains in Guizhou Province,China

Winter seasonal concentrations of dissolved rare earth elements (REE) of two major river systems (the Wujiang River system and the Yuanjiang River system) in karst-dominated regions in winter were measured by using a method involving solvent extraction and back-extraction and subsequent ICP-MS measurements. The dissolved REE concentrations in the rivers and their tributaries are lower than those in most of the large rivers in the world. High pH and high cation (i.e., Na⁺ + Ca²⁺) concentrations of the rivers are the most important factors controlling the concentrations of dissolved REE in the river water. The dissolved load (<0.22 μm) REE distribution patterns of high-pH river waters are very different from those of low-pH river waters. The shale (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns for the dissolved loads are characterized by light REE-enrichment and heavy REE-enrichment. Water in the upper reaches of the Wujiang River generally shows light REE-enriched patterns, while that in the middle and lower reaches generally shows heavy REE-enriched patterns. The Yuanjiang River is heavy REE enriched with respect to the light REE in the same samples. Water of the Wuyanghe River draining dolomite-dominated terrains has the highest heavy REE-enrichment. Most river water samples show the shale-normalized REE patterns with negative Ce and Eu anomalies, especially water from Wuyanghe River. Y/Ho ratios show that the water/particle interaction might have played an important role in fractionation between HREE and LREE.     

Rare Earth Element Patterns in the Karst Terrains of Guizhou Province, China: Implication for Water/Particle Interaction

The authors determine the concentrations of dissolved (<0.22 μm) rare earth elements (REE) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) of typical karst rivers in Guizhou Province, China during the high-flow period. The concentrations of acid-soluble REE extracted from SPM using diluted hydrochloric acid are also obtained to investigate water/particle interaction in the river water. The dissolved REE contents in the river water are extremely low in the rivers of the study. The dissolved REE distribution patterns normalized by the Post Archean Australia Shale (PAAS) in the karst rivers are not flat, show slight enrichment of heavy REE to light REE, and also have significant negative Ce and Eu anomalies. The acid-soluble REE appears to have similar distribution patterns as characterized by MREE enrichment and slight LREE depletion, with unremarkable Ce and Eu anomalies. The PAAS-normalized REE distribution patterns of SPM are flat with negative Eu anomalies. The contents and distribution patterns of REE in the SPM are closely related to the lithological character of the source rocks. The SPM contains almost all the REE produced in the process of surficial weathering. This demonstrates that particle-hosted REE are the most important form of REE occurrence. REE fractionation, which takes place during weathering and transport, leads to an obvious HREE enrichment in the dissolved loads relative to the SPM. Y/Ho ratio can be used to shed light on REE behaviors during water/particle interaction.     

扬子克拉通北缘中元古界神农架群层序的厘定

神农架群被认为是除天津蓟县剖面外,我国出露相对最好的中元古界。由于其大致形成于1400～1000 Ma,故普遍被看好作为中国地层表中1320～1000 Ma时期地层记录缺失的候选层型剖面。尽管近年来神农架群的年代地层学、沉积学、古生物(叠层石形成与分布)及古海洋地球化学等方面研究进展显著,但有关神农架群的划分仍未达成共识。本文在神农架上前寒武系专题研究及神农架1：20万填图划分方案基础上,通过近十余年来对神农架群系统综合研究,重新厘定了神农架群层序。研究认为,神农架群由下至上可划分为下、中、上3个亚群,下亚群由下至上为鹰窝洞组、大岩坪组、马槽园组、乱石沟组、大窝坑组及矿石山组;中亚群包括台子组、野马河组、温水河组和石槽河组;上亚群则为下部送子园组与上部瓦岗溪组。神农架群的上述划分和层序厘定充分结合了神农架群同位素年代学、沉积地质演化、叠层石形态类型及旋回性发育特征、同位素与元素地球化学异常等特征和发育规律。本文是近10年来神农架群研究进展的总结,尽管神农架群目前已具备了建立待建系候选层型的基本条件,但其尚缺少顶界与底界层位年龄,也未见到下伏地层或基底,未来还需进一步开展综合研究。     

羌北双壳类祁阳蚌组合的发现及其地层学意义

藏北羌塘盆地独雪山地区,在原先认为不整合于早侏罗世火山岩系之上的“中侏罗统雀莫错组”中, 新近发现了一套早侏罗世淡水双壳类祁阳蚌(Qiyangia)组合,表明羌北盆地存在早侏罗世沉积地层,其为一套海陆交互相沉积的粗碎屑岩→灰岩→细碎屑岩夹灰岩,下侏罗统与中侏罗统为连续沉积。据此资料,该区侏罗系目前采用的岩石地层单位系统及地层的对比认识存有问题,文章对此套早侏罗世沉积的岩石地层划分方案进行了讨论, 指出雁石坪地区的侏罗系岩石地层系统作为等时的地层单位运用于羌北盆地北西部并不适宜,羌北盆地已有的地层系统格架有必要重新认识。     

东秦岭淅川地区古地磁研究及其地质意义

本文利用东秦岭淅川地区(坐标为111.55°E、33.17°N)74个标本得到该区从震旦纪到晚古生代的古地磁极位置:Z_2(222.1°,5.8°);∈_1(247.1°,12.6°);O_(1-2)(252.8°,18.5°);D_(2-3)(225.9°,22.5°);C_1(211.7°,32.3°)。这些时代的古地磁极位置分布构成一条规律的视极移曲线,并与华南地块的视极移曲线特征有可比性。古地磁结果表明该区与扬子地块间有着密切的构造演化关系:在奥陶纪以前可能与扬子古陆相连,其后分离,到早石炭世时又靠拢相连,成为古大陆边缘的一部分。在此演化过程中该区始终处于中、低古纬度附近,并有方位上的转动。     

广西永福县土地利用变化驱动力分析

以永福县1996--2005年土地利用变更数据和经济统计年鉴为依据,研究其10年间土地利用类型的变化,分析土地利用动态变化和利用程度变化情况,探讨土地变化的驱动因素。认为社会发展和经济增长、人口和城镇化水平以及宏观政策是影响其土地利用变化的3个主要驱动力因素。     

青海湖水位下降与趋势预测

青海湖是我国最大的内陆半咸水湖,近百年来,特别是有水文记录的30多年来,湖水位持续下降,已引起各有关方面的关注。本文根据水量平衡原理,对湖水位下降的原因进行了探讨:1.青海湖水位差与入湖补给量、耗水量关系密切,其复相关系效高达0.95;2.青海湖多年平均亏水量为4.5×10~8m~3,累积亏水量与湖水位变化趋势完全一致;3.在总耗水量中,人为耗水仅占1％左右。因此,湖水位下降的主要原因是自然因素。此外,本文利用相关分析法,灰色系统、叠加模型,分别对湖水位进行了预测,结果表明相关分析和叠加模型效果较好,1989年实测值与预测值较为接近。最后对未来湖水位下降的极限做了探讨。