天山北坡城市群城市综合承载力评价

天山北坡城市群是新疆打造丝绸之路经济带核心区的重要载体和节点。以新疆“十二五”规划中天山北坡经济带所覆盖的12个城市为研究对象,从人口、生态环境、资源、经济、公共服务、交通等6个维度构建评价体系,运用改进的熵值法、变异系数等对2011-2013年天山北坡城市群城市综合承载力进行分析。结果表明:天山北坡城市群城市综合承载力空间分异明显且呈固化趋势;资源和经济是造成各城市综合承载力差距的主要原因;生态环境与资源为承载力首要制约因素且二者均超载严重;城市群生态-生产-生活承载力耦合协调度整体有所改善,但情况依旧较差。     

地磁房湿度对地磁观测的影响及解决方案

地磁房湿度变化较快或过大都易引起地磁数据的异常变化,且室内湿度不易控制,地磁房、磁通门磁力仪探头湿度智能在线分析监控系统可以实时显示监控地磁房、磁通门磁力仪探头湿度的变化,超过湿度阈值则发出报警信号,进而可以采用科学的方法控制探头观测环境的湿度,提高观测数据的稳定性、可靠性。本文介绍了该系统的设计思路和主要功能。     

湘南地区红黏土动态回弹模量试验与预估模型研究

湘南地区广泛分布红黏土,它具有天然含水率高、孔隙比大及结构性强等特点,可用于特殊路基填料。为获得红黏土的动态回弹性能,利用动三轴试验研究了偏应力、围压应力和体应力对红黏土动态回弹模量的影响。结果表明：动态回弹模量随围压和压实度的提高而增大,随偏应力的增大而减小;动态回弹模量受含水率影响较大,并在最佳含水率附近达到最大值。基于试验揭示的动态回弹模量与应力的相关性,采用3种应力相关的典型动态回弹模量预估模型对试验数据进行回归分析,进而遴选出最佳预估模型。误差分析表明,对于湘南地区红黏土,考虑偏应力和围压应力的回弹模量预估模型具有更高的决定系数,能更好地拟合红黏土的动态回弹模量。动态回弹模量试验结果和遴选的预估模型将为湘南地区红黏土路基设计提供试验和理论依据。     

南海南、北大陆边缘盆地烃源岩热演化差异及成因分析

对横跨南海南、北共轭大陆边缘的两条骨干剖面所经过的沉积盆地烃源岩热演化进行模拟,分析了南、北陆缘盆地烃源岩热演化差异。结果表明,南海南部陆缘盆地生烃门限整体比北部陆缘盆地的生烃门限浅,南部陆缘盆地生烃门限整体在2 200~2 300 m之间,中新统烃源岩基本已进入生烃门限;北部陆缘盆地生烃门限整体位于2 500~2 600 m之间,渐新统及其以下烃源岩进入生烃门限。南海南、北陆缘盆地生烃门限的规律性与南海现今热流分布南高北低、西高东低的整体趋势相对应,高热流有利于烃源岩的成熟与生烃,因此热流值高的区域对应生烃门限较浅。造成南、北陆缘主力烃源岩的热演化程度差异的主要原因可能是由南海扩张及古南海俯冲引起的地温场变化所引起。     

Heavy metals in particulate and colloidal matter from atmospheric deposition of urban Guangzhou,South China

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and colloidal matter (COM) in annual dry and wet deposition samples in urban Guangzhou were for the first time collected, and their trace metals were investigated by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The deposition flux of SPM and of metal elements varied largely among the investigated seasons, and reached the maximum in spring. The correlation analysis indicated that significant correlations existed among some of the metal elements in the deposition samples. The enrichment factors (EF) of metals in COM in the deposition ranging from 79.66 to 130,000 were much higher than those of SPM ranging from 1.65 to 286.48, indicating the important role of COM. The factor analysis showed that emissions from street dust, non-ferrous metal production, and heavy fuel oil were major sources of the trace metals. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to quantitatively estimate anthropogenic source.     

先存组构对各向异性岩石流变强度的影响

地壳深部岩石普遍存在变形组构,花岗质岩石中的变形组构不仅影响岩石强度,而且对后期变形具有显著控制作用。近年来,先存组构对各向异性岩石的流变强度影响成为高温高压实验研究的热点之一。文中对前人给出的各向异性岩石(包括云母片岩-片麻岩、石英-钙长石均匀混合体与层状组构样品)半脆性-塑性流变实验数据进行了重新整理与分析,结合作者开展的不同组构条件下花岗片麻岩与糜棱岩流变实验结果,讨论了先存组构对各向异性岩石流变强度的影响。实验数据表明:1)各向异性岩石的面理与最大主应力方向的角度是影响强度的主要因素。在半脆性破裂域,样品压缩方向垂直于面理(PER)和平行于面理(PAR)的强度基本相同,在压缩方向与面理呈30°夹角时,岩石破裂强度最小;在塑性流变域,垂直于面理方向的强度显著高于平行于面理方向的强度,当面理与最大主应力方向的角度为45°时,岩石强度最小。2)后期变形对原有组构的继承与改造程度,决定了各向异性岩石强度高低。3)样品中矿物的含量、分布与粒度对各向异性岩石强度有显著影响。理论模型预测结果与云母片岩实验结果比较吻合,但其他类型各向异性岩石的流变比理论模型结果要复杂得多。因此,进一步开展具有先存组构的各向异性岩石的流变实验,并将实验变形与实际地质条件下更为复杂的岩石变形进行对比分析,是认识各向异性岩石流变和变形机制最有效的方法。     

Changes of soil surface roughness under water erosion process

The objective of this study was to determine the changing characteristics of soil surface roughness under different rainfall intensities and examine the interaction between soil surface roughness and different water erosion processes. Four artificial management practices (raking cropland, artificial hoeing, artificial digging, and contour tillage) were used according to the local agriculture customs of the Loess Plateau of China to simulate different types of soil surface roughness, using an additional smooth slope for comparison purposes. A total of 20 rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in five 1 m by 2 m boxes under two rainfall intensities (0.68 and 1.50 mm min^?1) on a 15° slope. During splash erosion, soil surface roughness decreased in all treatments except raking cropland and smooth baseline under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1, while increasing for all treatments except smooth baseline under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1. During sheet erosion, soil surface roughness decreased for all treatments except hoeing cropland under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1. However, soil surface roughness increased for the artificial hoeing and raking cropland under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1. Soil surface roughness has a control effect on sheet erosion for different treatments under two rainfall intensities. For rill erosion, soil surface roughness increased for raking cropland and artificial hoeing treatments, and soil surface roughness decreased for artificial digging and the contour tillage treatments under two rainfall intensities. Under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1, the critical soil surface roughness was 0.706 cm for the resistance control of runoff and sediment yield. Under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1, the critical soil surface roughness was 1.633 cm for the resistance control of runoff, while the critical soil surface roughness was 0.706 cm for the resistance control of sediment yield. These findings have important implications for clarifying the erosive nature of soil surface roughness and harnessing sloped farmland. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

瞬态滤波器设计及其在地方地震观测中的应用研究

目前地震数据采集器使用的最后两级数字滤波器相位有最小相位和线性相位两种。相位特性直接影响着记录的地震波形数据质量,最小相位滤波器的相位特性非线性严重,引起波形失真,线性相位滤波器带来“前缀波”。本文介绍了一种专用于地震波形采集的瞬态滤波器的设计及其观测分析研究。该瞬态滤波器既有最小相位特性,又有较好的线性相位特性,具有良好的瞬态响应波形。地方震实测数据表明,使用瞬态滤波器记录的地震波,没有"前缀"波出现,初动半周期也没有被展宽,波形失真最小。因为通带至过渡带转角平缓和过渡带滚降速率低是所有瞬态特性良好的滤波器的共同特征,故使用瞬态滤波必须付出的代价是提高采样率来确保通带上边沿频率保持不变。     

瞬态滤波器设计及其在地方地震观测中的应用研究

目前地震数据采集器使用的最后两级数字滤波器相位有最小相位和线性相位两种。相位特性直接影响着记录的地震波形数据质量,最小相位滤波器的相位特性非线性严重,引起波形失真,线性相位滤波器带来“前缀波”。本文介绍了一种专用于地震波形采集的瞬态滤波器的设计及其观测分析研究。该瞬态滤波器既有最小相位特性,又有较好的线性相位特性,具有良好的瞬态响应波形。地方震实测数据表明,使用瞬态滤波器记录的地震波,没有"前缀"波出现,初动半周期也没有被展宽,波形失真最小。因为通带至过渡带转角平缓和过渡带滚降速率低是所有瞬态特性良好的滤波器的共同特征,故使用瞬态滤波必须付出的代价是提高采样率来确保通带上边沿频率保持不变。