满洲里南部玛尼吐组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学研究

满洲里南部玛尼吐组火山岩的岩相学鉴定为安山岩、粗安岩和粗面岩,化学成分显示其以粗面岩为主,少量流纹岩.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成于146 ～ 158Ma之间的晚侏罗世.火山岩富碱高钾,属碱性系列;稀土总量较高(∑REE=328.2×10-6 ～419.2×10-6),轻重稀土分馏较明显((La/Yb)N=12.87～23.10),中等负铕异常(δEu=0.41 ～0.70);富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti.具有高Rb/Sr比值(0.34 ～ 1.88)和正的εHf(t)值(3.68 ～8.65),锆石176Hf/177 Hf介于0.282780 ～0.282922之间,两阶段Hf模式年龄为652 ～972Ma的新元古代.岩浆源区物质为新元古代增生的基性火成岩地壳,火山岩形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合造山岩的岩石圈伸展构造环境.     

淮河干流径流量长期变化趋势及周期分析

基于淮河干流鲁台子站1951～2008年径流量资料,采用最小二乘法、PIII曲线法和小波分析方法系统分析鲁台子站径流量的变化特征。结果表明:汛期径流量占全年径流总量的64%,年际变化最大相差4.7倍;从线性趋势来看,年径流量减少速率为0.68×108m3/a,其中汛期径流量减少速率为0.24×108m3/a,非汛期径流量减少速率为0.44×108m3/a,汛期径流量丰枯变化跟全年径流量相似程度高,非汛期径流量的年际波动较平稳;三种小波母函数对年径流序列周期分析结果略有差异,Mexcian hat小波检测结果偏宏观,Morlet小波和cmor2-1小波检测兼顾微观周期,cmor2-1小波更加准确全面反映径流周期变化,综合分析得出鲁台子年径流序列2年左右的主周期和8年左右的次周期。     

某地人工湖蓄水能力的论证研究

建造人工湖是城市生态建设的一个重要的组成部分,本文结合当地的水文地质条件和地形地貌对拟建人工湖的渗漏问题进行分析,确定了库底渗漏和绕坝渗是该人工湖渗漏的主要来源,并计算了相应的渗漏量,从而论证了该人工湖的蓄水能力完全能够维持其生态景观效应。     

山坡地形曲率分布特征及其水文效应分析——真实流域的野外实验及相关分析研究

研究了山坡地形曲率的空间分布特征,发现流域略呈现出微凹、发散的形状特征,平均的剖面和水平曲率分别为-4.62×10-4和3.49×10-4。通过划分源头型和边坡型山坡,发现源头山坡多是收敛的,边坡型山坡则多为发散的;在山坡内部收敛、发散、凹和凸等地形地貌类型是同时存在的,即山坡一般由相互组合的各种坡型所组成。基于野外采样观测的成果,分析了和睦桥子流域90个采样点的土壤含水量及其对应曲率的相互关系。结果显示:一般来说,凹形山坡、收敛形山坡对应的土壤含水量更高,而凸形和发散形山坡对应的土壤含水量较低;不论是收敛的凹坡,还是发散的凸坡,其采样点土壤含水量都有随高程下降而升高的趋势,即愈靠近沟谷土壤含水量愈大。     

Web时空数据挖掘研究进展

随着互联网的迅速发展,Web已经渗透到人类社会的各个角落,其中蕴含着大量关系社会、经济和生活的信息。从中挖掘出刻画事件时空范围的时空信息,可以为探索社会、自然事件以及行为主体的时空运动规律和知识提供丰富的素材。系统综述了Web时空数据挖掘的理论、方法和应用,首先介绍了Web时空数据挖掘的概念及分类,详细阐述了Web时空信息的特点和提取方法,其次针对3类Web时空数据挖掘的内容、方法及应用进行了综述,最后探讨了Web时空数据挖掘面临的难题、研究热点和未来领域的发展方向。     

山西大同煤田石炭系物源区构造背景分析

通过对山西大同煤田石炭系口泉、吴家窑剖面砂体古流向分析,采用Gazzi-Dickinson计点法对两条实测剖面上40个砂岩样品进行显微镜观察统计,并应用Dickinson的Q-F-L和Qm-F-Lt三角图解对统计结果作了相应分析。认为上石炭统本溪组母岩源区以克拉通内陆型为主,母岩为沉积岩;上石炭统太原组母岩源区以再旋回造山带型为主,母岩区以沉积岩分布为主,并分布少量变质岩和岩浆岩岩体;山西大同煤田石炭系物源区为北侧的阴山隆起造山带,属陆内隆升构造带的构造背景。从而进一步证明了＂阴山古陆＂并不是自元古代以来就长期隆升的构造单元。     

东胜煤田含煤岩系层序地层特征与聚煤规律分析——以东胜煤田阿不亥煤炭勘查区为例

研究区含煤岩系主要为侏罗系中统延安组,通过煤岩层研究和对比,认为延安组本身为一个完整的层序,可分为三个体系域、五个小层序组和18个小层序;体系域、小层序组和小层序之间的转换面是聚煤的主要层位。含煤地层可编号18层煤,其中可采煤层15层,根据层序地层分析和含煤岩系沉积特点,将含煤地层分为三个岩性段,5个煤组,相对应三个聚煤期和5个成因单元。该区的聚煤作用主要受到沉积环境、古地形和古构造的控制。     

Soil properties at the tree limits of the coniferous forest in response to varying environmental conditions in the Tianshan Mountains,Northwest China

The continuous coniferous forest in the Tianshan Mountains primarily consists of Picea schrenkiana. The forest forms an unbroken 1,000 km forest zone extending from west to east on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, where environmental conditions such as precipitation, temperature and terrain vary greatly. To gain insight into the differences between soil properties at the upper and lower limits of P. schrenkiana, soil underlying the forests was studied along 4 transects located at Jinghe, Manasi, Fukang, and Balikun, where the natural conditions are typical and therefore representative of western, mid-western, mid-eastern and eastern portions of the Tianshan Mountains. The soil type under the coniferous forest on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is gray cinnamon forest soil. For each transect, soil samples were collected from three different depths (0–5, 5–30 and 30–70 cm) in the area near the upper and lower limits of P. schrenkiana. A total of 48 soil samples were collected from 16 soil profiles and analyzed in two different laboratories. The soil pH, organic matter (OM), total N, total P, CaCO₃, and electrical conductivity (EC) were analyzed using common pedological methods. The continuous distribution of P. schrenkiana on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains was caused by combined water-heat conditions and pedological factors. At the upper and lower tree limits, where differences existed in the soil parent materials, precipitation, topography, combined water-heat conditions, and local atmospheric pattern, the soil properties showed a close relationship with the local environmental conditions. Due to the presence of high precipitation over the Manasi transect, the soil was fertile and had a low CaCO₃ content. In contrast, low soil fertility with high CaCO₃ was observed in the soil along the Jinghe and Balikun transects, where there was low precipitation. Although the soil properties varied on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains due to the presence of different environmental conditions across the 1,000-km forest zone, this region was suitable for the growth of P. schrenkiana. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that soil played an important role in controlling the continuous distribution of the P. schrenkiana along the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.     

黄海北部海域沉积物反硝化细菌数量及反硝化速率的季节变化

用乙炔抑制法和最大或然数（most probable number,MPN）法对黄海北部海域沉积物反硝化速率及反硝化细菌数量的季节变化进行了研究,结果表明,该海域反硝化速率在夏季最大,范围在3．2～7．5μmol／（m^2·h）之间,平均值为4．85μmol／（m^2·h）;而在春、秋季其范围分别为0．26～2．65μmol／（m^2·h）和1．21～4．12μmol／（m^2·h）。该研究海域3个季节反硝化细菌数量差别较大,春、夏、秋季分别在1．78×10^4～8．12×10^4,1．18×10^6～6．18×10^6和0．72×10^5～4．50×10^5个／g之间。春、秋两季反硝化速率和反硝化细菌数量之间呈显著性正相关,相关系数分别为0．759和0．750（P〈0．05）。本结果可为黄海北部海域氮循环机制研究提供重要参考。     

城市总体规划环境影响的GIS模拟与评价分析

城市环境影响评价是城市规划与可持续发展中的一个重要问题.从规划部门对设计方案进行分析比较、定量评估的实际需求出发,采用地理信息数据处理与模拟等技术,归纳了GIs的评估指标体系.针对城市总体规划方案,将GIs数据引人气象模型,建立城市规划气象GIs论证评价技术路线;对规划方案进行空间概化、划分并识别单元特征,通过土地利用...