鄱阳湖丰水期着生藻类群落空间分布特征

着生藻类一般生长位置相对稳定,其群落分布主要受环境因素的影响,同时,着生藻类还是重要的水环境指示生物.本研究对鄱阳湖丰水期5个典型湖区(主航道、西部湿地、南矶湿地、撮箕湖和东南湖汊)着生藻类的群落结构特征进行调查,包括生物量、优势种及生物多样性,分析影响着生藻类群落区域分布的环境因子,以期为鄱阳湖水环境保护和水资源合理利用提供基础资料.结果表明:鄱阳湖着生藻类群落以硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻为主;鄱阳湖着生藻类总生物量有着明显的区域差异:主航道区域的生物量相对最高,平均为419 mg/m^2;其次是东南湖汊,平均为322 mg/m^2;南矶湿地和西部湿地分别为172和52 mg/m^2;而撮箕湖的总生物量相对最低,为9 mg/m^2.主航道的着生藻类优势种群为绿藻和硅藻,西部湿地、南矶湿地、撮箕湖和东南湖汊4个区域的优势种群为硅藻.冗余分析结果显示鄱阳湖丰水期着生藻类群落分布与总磷、电导率、pH值、总氮、硝态氮和悬浮物等理化因子关系较为密切.鄱阳湖主航道与长江连通,水体流速高;西部湿地、南矶湿地、撮箕湖和东南湖汊为季节性连通湖泊,丰水季节与主湖区水体连为一体,枯水季节独立蓄水.5个湖区的区域差异是导致其着生藻类群落结构差异的重要原因之一.着生藻类的多样性指数分析表明鄱阳湖水体处于中度污染状态.     

Three-dimensional arbitrarily anisotropic modeling for time-domain airborne electromagnetic surveys

Electrically anisotropic strata are abundant in nature, so their study can help our data interpretation and our understanding of the processes of geodynamics. However, current data processing generally assumes isotropic conditions when surveying anisotropic structures, which may cause discrepancies between reality and electromagnetic data interpretation. Moreover, the anisotropic interpretation of the time-domain airborne electromagnetic (TDAEM) method is still confined to one dimensional (1D) cases, and the corresponding three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations are still in development. In this study, we expanded the 3D TDAEM modeling of arbitrarily anisotropic media. First, through coordinate rotation of isotropic conductivity, we obtained the conductivity tensor of an arbitrary anisotropic rock. Next, we incorporated this into Maxwell’s equations, using a regular hexahedral grid of vector finite elements to subdivide the solution area. A direct solver software package provided the solution for the sparse linear equations that resulted. Analytical solutions were used to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the algorithm. The proven model was then applied to analyze the effects of arbitrary anisotropy in 3D TDAEM via the distribution of responses and amplitude changes, which revealed that different anisotropy situations strongly affected the responses of TDAEM.     

Combined effect of climate change and human activities on the hydrological processes of an urban river: case study of the Xiaoqing River,China

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to reveal statistical characteristics and exceedance probability of discharge under the combined effect of climate change and human activities. The study is conducted in the Xiaoqing River in Jinan, China, based on data of discharge, land-use types and precipitation from the period 1970–2016. A multivariate joint probability distribution of the data is established to test the univariable, bivariable and trivariable change points. These are then used to calculate and analyse the risk probability of discharge exceeding the specific values under different conditions of precipitation and land-use type. The results show that the change point calculated by trivariate joint distribution can reduce the disturbance of the change point obtained with the univariable or bivariable approach and reflect the changes of various factors in the hydrological processes more objectively. When the land-use type is taken into consideration, the trivariate distribution can reflect the variation of hydrological processes more reasonably.     

Characterizing the variability of transit time distributions and young water fractions in karst catchments using flux tracking

Hydrological and biogeochemical processes in karst environments are strongly controlled by heterogeneous fracture-conduit networks. Quantifying the spatio-temporal variability of water transit time and young water fractions in such heterogeneous hydrogeological systems is fundamental to linking discharge and water quality dynamics in the karst critical zone. We used a tracer-aided conceptual hydrological model to track the fate of each hour of rain input individually. Using this approach, the variability of transit time distributions and young water fraction were estimated in the main landscape units in a karst catchment of Chenqi in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The model predicted that the mean young water (i.e., <~2 months old) fraction of ground conduit flow is 0.31. Marked seasonal variabilities in water storage and hydrological connectivity between the conduit network and fractured matrix, as well as between hillslopes and topographic depression, drive the dynamics of young water fraction and travel time distributions in each landscape unit. Especially, the strong hydrological connectivity between the land surface and underground conduits caused by the direct infiltration through large fractures and sinkholes, leads the drastic increasement in young water fraction of runoff after heavy rain. Even though the contribution of young water to runoff is greater, the strong mixing and drainage of small fractures accelerate the old water release during high flows during the wet season. It is notable that the young water may sometimes be the most contaminated component contributing to the underground conduit network in karst catchments, because of the direct transfer of contaminants from the ground surface with rain water via large fractures and sinkholes.     

多维地震激励下考虑构件滞回性能的输电塔倒塌分析

本文基于角钢新型非线性材料本构模型对多维地震激励下输电塔倒塌破坏进行模拟研究。基于ABAQUS中RIKS算法得到不同长细比角钢的屈曲承载力,并通过承载力试验验证有限元分析结果。基于角钢滞回性能试验结果,采用Fortran语言编制角钢新型非线性材料本构模型,并与试验结果对比。建立输电塔三维有限元模型,采用动力显式分析方法,对多维地震激励下输电塔倒塌进行模拟,总结输电塔的极限承载力、杆件屈曲情况和倒塌位置。研究结果可为多维地震激励下输电塔抗倒塌设计提供参考。     

模拟强震后高压输电接续管漏磁的检测方法研究

为维持强震影响下电力系统安全运行,改善高压输电效率及输电质量,提出强震影响下高压输电接续管漏磁检测方法。采用磁敏传感器获取漏磁通内的漏磁信号,通过计算提取接续管内漏磁信号特征量,依据这些特征实现高压输电接续管漏磁检测。构建高压输电接续管三维有限元几何模型,通过对模型的单元类型确定、材料选择、边界条件与荷载设置、传感器部署位置等,完成高压输电接续管仿真分析。实验结果表明：在Ⅸ度罕遇北京波影响下,接续管内漏磁信号特征量可评判缺陷深度,实现接线管漏磁检测。通过对DL/T1192-2012标准输电线接续管上表面和下表面两端的漏磁信号峰值检测等,证明了本文方法对强震影响下高压输电接续管漏磁进行检测的有效性。     

抗震结构破坏准则的历史沿革和发展趋势

本文详细讨论了现有抗震结构破坏评估准则并指出其不足和存在问题,深入研究了抗震结构破坏准则的基本思路和发展趋势。指出了由于结构地震响应从地面运动到结构性能两方面固有的随机性和不确定性,使基于性能的抗震设计应当在概率的基础上形成;破坏模型作为度量结构破坏程度的有效工具,也应当在概率基础上形成。     

我国区域规划存在问题及其调整思考

在国家研究制定“十一五”规划中,区域规划被放在突出重要的位置,但其理论发展长期滞后于区域发展的现实需求。文章以问题为导向,深入分析了我国区域规划实践弱化的理论、体制等根源,并从区域规划编制组织形式、编制方法和实施管理体制对新时期区域规划的革新提出若干建议,包括：建立区域规划利益协调机制;在部门规划、行业规划、次区域规划的基础上编制高一层次的区域规划;提高区域规划过程管理和理顺地方政府及其职能部门间的职责分工。     

湖南锡田钨锡多金属矿田燕山期NE向断层演化历史及其成矿意义

为了确定湖南锡田矿田燕山期NE向断层演化历史、蚀变特征及与钨锡成矿关系本文调查了矿田内燕山期断层野外宏观特征,对断层中充填石英脉进行了显微鉴定、阴极发光、含矿元素分析,结果显示:(1)断层以NE60°～70°平行分布于茶汉盆地南北两侧,均倾向茶汉盆地,断层的陡倾、棱角状角砾及梳状石英等指示了断层的张性性质;(2)断层经...     

CAWS600B型自动气象站常见故障分析

自动气象站已在业务中运行,保障自动站设备及通信网络的正常运行成为气象测报工作人员的新问题.CAWS600B型自动站主要由传感器、数据采集器、主控机、电源和专用电缆等组成.