GridGIS若干关键技术研究

分析了当前地理信息系统运用和功能现状,提出了网格地理信息系统的4点技术特征,并在此基础上提出了一种以服务为中心的体系结构.针对面向对象空间数据模型无法描述许多广泛存在却无法用属性、方法和事件来描述的地理逻辑,以及空间数据语意不一致带来的数据集成和综合应用问题,提出了一种基于规则的空间数据组织模式.针对网格环境下空间信息的深度共享问题,提出了一种结合Multi-Agents和Web Services这两种分布式计算技术的空间信息服务模式.     

辽宁省海洋经济系统协调发展研究

通过构建海洋经济系统协调发展评价指标体系,采用模糊数学中隶属度函数模型,分析了辽宁省海洋经济系统发展水平及其协调发展度.结果表明:1999-2010年期间,辽宁省海洋经济、社会综合发展水平逐年递增,而资源环境综合发展水平值波动较大;1999-2003年,辽宁省海洋经济系统协调性处于失调状态,2004年之后大体处于协调发展状态,且协调等级逐步提升.     

广西右江河谷2008年芒果低温寒害调查分析

通过对广西右江河谷四县(区)2008年低温期间气象要素资料、气候特点进行分析统计,结合芒果的生物学特性、物候发育期及农业气象灾害指标,探讨此次低温寒害天气对右江河谷芒果生产的影响,并提出相应的生产防御对策,以达到趋利避害.     

台风韦帕全区性大暴雨过程分析

通过对2007年9月18-20日,青岛市破历史纪录的全区性大暴雨过程的天气实况、环流形势分析、物理量诊断和雷达资料分析表明,过程出现在西风槽、副热带高压和台风韦帕相互作用形成的高湿度、强上升运动区中.过程前期的降水,主要是高层的强抽吸起作用,降水较弱."韦帕"使得低层的辐合抬升进一步加强,上升运动更为强烈.对流层上层冷空气的活动,使得大气的层结不稳定进一步加强.3个系统的耦合,形成了这次大暴雨过程.过程的中小尺度扰动活跃.雷达资料分析发现,在低层一条线状呈气旋性弯曲的辐合抬升带,为海陆温差引起的陆风效应造成的海陆锋,是一条强降水带,伴随有强水平风切变.     

Geochemical, Sr–Nd and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic studies of Late Carboniferous magmatism in the West Junggar, Xinjiang: Implications for ridge subduction?

Voluminous granitic intrusions are distributed in the West Junggar, NW China, and they can be classified as the dioritic rocks, charnockite and alkali-feldspar granite groups. The dioritic rocks (SiO₂ = 50.4–63.8 wt.%) are calc-alkaline and Mg enriched (average MgO = 4.54 wt.%, Mg^# = 0.39–0.64), with high Sr/Y ratios (average = 21.2), weak negative Eu (average Eu/Eu = 0.80) and pronounced negative Nb–Ta anomalies. Their Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7035–0.7042, ε_Nd(t) = 4.5–7.9, ε_Hf(t) = 14.1–14.5) show a depleted mantle-like signature. These features are compatible with adakites derived from partial melting of subducted oceanic crust that interacted with mantle materials. The charnockites (SiO₂ = 60.0–65.3 wt.%) show transitional geochemical characteristics from calc-alkaline to alkaline, with weak negative Eu (average Eu/Eu = 0.75) but pronounced negative Nb–Ta anomalies. Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7037–0.7039, ε_Nd(t) = 5.2–8.0, ε_Hf(t) = 13.9–14.7) also indicate a depleted source, suggesting melts from a hot, juvenile lower crust. Alkali-feldspar granites (SiO₂ = 70.0–78.4 wt.%) are alkali and Fe-enriched, and have distinct negative Eu and Nb–Ta anomalies (average Eu/Eu = 0.26), low Sr/Y ratios (average = 2.11), and depleted Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7024–0.7045, ε_Nd(t) = 5.1–8.9, ε_Hf(t) = 13.7–14.2). These characteristics are also comparable with those of rocks derived from juvenile lower crust. Despite of the differences in petrology, geochemistry and possibly different origins, zircon ages indicate that these three groups of rocks were coevally emplaced at ~ 305 Ma.A ridge subduction model can account for the geochemical characteristics of these granitoids and coeval mafic rocks. As the “slab window” opened, upwelling asthenosphere provided enhanced heat flux and triggered voluminous magmatisms: partial melting of the subducting slab formed the dioritic rocks; partial melting of the hot juvenile lower crust produced charnockite and alkali-feldspar granite, and partial melting in the mantle wedge generated mafic rocks in the region. These results suggest that subduction was ongoing in the Late Carboniferous and, thus support that the accretion and collision in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt took place in North Xinjiang after 305 Ma, and possibly in the Permian.     

Formation blockage risk analysis of geothermal water reinjection:Rock property analysis,pumping and reinjection tests,and long-term reinjection prediction

The blockage induced by particle migration and deposition is one of the main reasons for the decrease of reinjection capacity in the porous geothermal reservoir with a low and medium temperature.In this paper,a new drilled geothermal well in Xining basin China is taken as an example to investigate the formation blockage risk due to the movable clay and sand particles in pores.The physical properties of the reservoir rocks were analyzed,a series of pumping and reinjection tests were conducted,and the longterm reinjection performance of the well was predicted by numerical simulation based on the test fitting.The results show that the geothermal reservoir rocks are argillaceous and weakly cemented sandstones with a content of movable clay and sand particles up to 0.18–23.42 wt.%.The well presented a high productivity of 935–2186 m3?d-1 at a pressure difference of 0.7–1.62 MPa in the pumping tests associated with a large amount of clay and sand particles produced out,while in the reinjection test,only a low injectivity of 240–480 m3?d-1 was observed at an injection pressure of 0.2–0.6 MPa with the clay and sand particles near the wellbore move into deep.According to the prediction,under conditions of a blockage risk,the injectivity of the well will start to decline after 100 days of injection,and in the third year,it will decrease by 59.00%–77.09%.The influence of invasion of pretreated suspended particles and scale particles can be neglected.Under conditions of a high blockage risk,the injectivity of the well will decrease significantly in the first 20–30 days,with a decline of 75.39%–78.96%.Generally,the higher the injection pressure or rate,the greater the decrease in injectivity of the well caused by particle blockage.Pump lifting is an effective measure to remove the well blockage which can be used regularly.     

新疆阿尔泰阿勒泰组沉积时代及其形成环境

阿勒泰组变质碎屑岩局部夹变质火山岩广泛分布于南阿尔泰的冲乎尔、克兰和麦兹盆地,其沉积时代和构造环境对于研究阿尔泰造山带的演化过程有重要意义。阿勒泰组碎屑锆石的年代学研究表明,碎唐锆石年龄主要集中在417-383 Ma和507-445 Ma,并出现少量元古宙和太古宙碎屑锆石。少数锆石年龄为380-354 Ma,与阿勒泰组凝灰岩和流纹岩年龄一致(376~354 Ma)。综合研究认为阿勒泰组时代为中-晚泥盆世(382-354 Ma)。阿勒泰组长石石英砂岩分选性和磨圆度较差,为近源沉积,物源岩石主要来自泥盆纪火山岩,其次是晚寒武一早奥陶世火山岩和奥陶纪花岗岩。长石石英砂岩样品具有高的La/Sc(3.9-6.3),La/Y(1.0~1.6),较低的Sc/Cr(0.2~0.4)比值,类似于大陆岛弧相关环境碎屑沉积物,结合Th-Co-Zr/10和Th-Sc-Zr/10以及La-Th-Sc判别图,认为阿勒泰组形成于与岛弧相关的构造环境(弧后盆地),为研究阿尔泰造山带泥盆纪构造演化提供了重要证据。     

Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen Cycle and Stable Nitrogen Isotope Processes: Progresses and Perspectives

Oxidized reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere mainly consists of nitrogen oxides (NO _X =NO+NO₂, NO₃) and nitric acid. The atmospheric cycling of NO _X influences the formation of ozone and hydroxyl radicals that are important for atmospheric oxidation capacity. Nitric acid, the final product of NO _X oxidation, not only is an important component of particulate pollutants, but also has a direct impact on the ecosystem through dry and wet deposition. The stable nitrogen isotope (δ¹⁵N) shows the potential to study reactive nitrogen cycle, and to trace the emission, transport and deposition of reactive nitrogen from local to global scales. Here, we reviewed previous studies using δ¹⁵N to investigate NO _X emission and atmospheric reactive nitrogen cycle, and discuss the uncertainties of δ¹⁵N signatures of different NO _X sources from two aspects: NO _X generation mechanism and NO _X collection methods. We also discussed the nitrogen isotope fractionation and the consequences during the conversions of NO _y molecules. We ended up with discussions on the possibility of using δ¹⁵N to trace NO _X emissions. Although there are still large uncertainties in quantifying and tracing NO _X emissions using nitrogen stable isotopes, such isotope tool is efficient enough to trace reactive nitrogen cycles in the atmosphere. On the basis of this, we proposed that we can combine atmospheric chemistry transmission models with isotope tracers to improve our understanding of regional and global atmospheric reactive nitrogen cycle regarding the fluxes of different emission sources, their atmospheric transformation, etc.     

Improving BDS integer ambiguity resolution using satellite-induced code bias correction for precise orbit determination

GPS Solutions - Successful resolution of integer ambiguity over long baselines is a key to improve the accuracy of precise orbit determination for global navigation satellite system satellites. The...     

东北亚地区MS6.0以上地震异常电磁波动研究

利用2005-01~2009-12 DEMETER电磁卫星详查模式下磁场与电场的极低频（ELF）三分量波形数据,选取东北亚地区（38°~58°N,105°~145°E）6个M_S≥6地震,对震前30 d震中上空±10°的6 000余条1130和1135轨道数据进行波矢分析和坡印廷矢量分析。结果发现,2005-08-16日本本洲东岸近海M_S7.2地震和2009-06-05日本北海道地区M_S6.6地震震前在质子回旋频率以下记录到来源于地球的异常电磁波扰动;2005-11-10俄罗斯西伯利亚东南部M_S6.4地震和2007-08-02俄罗斯萨哈林岛(库页岛)M_S6.8地震震前在质子回旋频率以下没有记录到异常电磁波扰动;2007-02-17日本北海道地区M_S6.2地震和2008-06-13日本本州东岸近海M_S7.3地震震前在质子回旋频率以下记录到异常电磁波扰动,但并非来源于地球。