THE CAPITALIST SPACE ECONOMY: Geographical Analysis after Ricardo, Marx and Sraffa by E. Sheppard and T. J. Barnes. 15 × 22 cm, xviii and 328 pages. Unwin Hyman: London 1990 (ISBN 004 330401 X) £40.00 hard; (ISBN 004 330402 8) £14.95 (soft).
THE INTERNATIONAL STEEL INDUSTRY: Restructuring, State Policies and Localities by R. Hudson and D. Sadler. 14 × 22 cm, xii and 163 pages. Routledge: London 1989 (ISBN 0 415 02186 3) $A89.95 (hard).
INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION AND CHALLENGE IN AUSTRALIA AND CANADA (Carleton Library No. 164) edited by R. Hayter and P. D. White. 15 × 23 cm, x and 340 pages. Carleton University Press: Ottawa 1990 (ISBN 0 88629 129 1) $A34.95 (hard); (ISBN 0 88629 128 3) $A 19.95 (soft).
LABOUR MIGRATION. The Internal Geographical Mobility of Labour in the Developed World edited by J. H. Johnson and J. Salt. 15 × 24 cm, viii and 215 pages. David Fulton: London 1990 (ISBN 1 85346 120 2) £30.00 (hard).
CITIES IN SPACE: CITY AS PLACE by D. Herbert and C. Thomas. 15 × 23 cm, xi and 340 pages. David Fulton: London 1990 (ISBN 1 85346 138 5) £35.00 (hard); (ISBN 1 85346 109 1) £14.95 (soft).
THE NEW URBAN FRONTIER. Urbanisation and City Building in Australasia and the American West by L. Frost. 15 × 23 cm, xvii and 226 pages. New South Wales University Press: Sydney (ISBN 0 86840 268 0) $A24.95 (soft).
SYDNEY: A Social Atlas by R. Horvath, G. E. Harrison and R. M. Dowling. 19 × 28 cm, 110 pages. Sydney University Press: Sydney 1989 (ISBN 0 424 00144 6) $A19.95 (soft).
CHANGE AND ADJUSTMENT IN NORTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES edited by D. J. Walmsley. 17 × 23 cm. 118 pages. Department of Geography and Planning, University of New England: Armidale 1990 (ISBN 0 85834 887 X) $A10.00 (soft).
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF URANIUM IN AUSTRALIA (Cover Title: URANIUM IN AUSTRALIA 1970–1987: An Annotated Bibliography) by C. O'Faircheallaigh, A. Webb and D. Wade‐Marshall. 18 × 25 cm, xi and 306 pages. North Australia Research Unit, Australian National University: Darwin 1989 (ISBN 07315 05433). 相似文献
For less than $2000 in materials we have exploited the DAO 1.8 m Cassegrain spectrograph between 430 and 800 nm for differential linear spectropolarimetry at resolutions up to 30,000 by using a beamsplitting cube as single-channel analyser. The position angle of the cube is under microprocessor control and, to counteract the highly erratic response of the spectrograph image-slicer combination to linear polarisation, we convert to circular polarisation by inserting a quarter-wave plate. The analyser has 40% throughput (c.f. 50% ideal) and we can sense polarisation levels as small as 0.01% with a CCD. Incomplete action of the quater-wave plate is probably the ultimate limit to precision. Details of the reduction procedure are given together with illustrative results for the Be star Per. 相似文献
In addition to affecting biogeochemical transformations, the speciation of As also influences its transport from tailings at inoperative mines. The speciation of As in tailings from the Sulfur Bank Mercury Mine site in Clear Lake, California (USA) (a hot-spring Hg deposit) and particles mobilized from these tailings have been examined during laboratory-column experiments. Solutions containing two common, plant-derived organic acids (oxalic and citric acid) were pumped at 13 pore volumes d−1 through 25 by 500 mm columns of calcined Hg ore, analogous to the pedogenesis of tailings. Chemical analysis of column effluent indicated that all of the As mobilized was particulate (1.5 mg, or 6% of the total As in the column through 255 pore volumes of leaching). Arsenic speciation was evaluated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), indicating the dominance of arsenate [As(V)] sorbed to poorly crystalline Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides and coprecipitated with jarosite [KFe3(SO4, AsO4)2(OH)6] with no detectable primary or secondary minerals in the tailings and mobilized particles. Sequential chemical extractions (SCE) of <45 μm mine tailings fractions also suggest that As occurs adsorbed to Fe (hydr)oxides (35%) and coprecipitated within poorly crystalline phases (45%). In addition, SCEs suggest that As is associated with 1 N acid-soluble phases such as carbonate minerals (20%) and within crystalline Fe-(hydr)oxides (10%). The finding that As is transported from these mine tailings dominantly as As(V) adsorbed to Fe (hydr)oxides or coprecipitated within hydroxysulfates such as jarosite suggests that As release from soils and sediments contaminated with tailings will be controlled by either organic acid-promoted dissolution or reductive dissolution of host phases. 相似文献
We describe two small scoria cone volcanoes, Hidden Cone and Little Black Peak (ages between ~320–390 ka), in the Southwestern
Nevada Volcanic Field and discuss their eruption mechanisms and inferences about their plumbing systems. Cone-forming pyroclastic
deposits are consistent with eruptive styles ranging from Strombolian to violent Strombolian, and lavas emanated from near
the bases of the cones. The volcanoes are monogenetic (rather than polycyclic, as allowed by previous geomorphic interpretations).
Vents at each volcano appear to coincide with pre-existing normal faults, consistent with observations at older, deeply eroded
volcanoes in the region. The existence of these two volcanoes on a topographically high area (particularly Hidden Cone) provides
evidence for short feeder dike lengths (~500 m at the surface). We infer that this short length reflects the small length
scale of the mantle source region that was tapped to feed each volcano.
Editorial responsibility: J Stix 相似文献
Visualizing and analyzing datasets in the geosciences is becoming increasingly complicated as their volumes are growing explosively. This poses a challenging problem for researchers who must sift through terabytes of data to discover useful relationships inside the information. There is a great need for geophysicists to interactively explore their data sets. Conventional visualization systems lack adequate bandwidth and rendering capabilities necessary for the largest data sets. CAVE and Powerwall display devices are necessary for researchers to explore their data sets in an immersive setting. We describe a utilitarian system targeted specifically at the cost-effective interactive exploration of data sets tens of terabytes in size and harness this system for visualization and analysis of geophysical simulations. Webcams can be used as a steering device to track a local region of interest, which is useful for remote visualization of large data sets. This system will be employed as a web-service under the auspices of Narada-Brokering, while using webcam technologies to enable remote visualization for collaborating researchers. Webcams can be incorporated in a point-to-point network for rapid exchange of information and quickly announcing natural disasters, such as tsunamis, landslides and earthquakes. 相似文献
Gold adsorption products on powdered ferrihydrite, goethite, and boehmite samples, prepared by reacting Au(III)-Cl solutions ([Au] = 4.2 × 10−5-9.0 × 10−3 M; [Cl] = 0.017-0.6 M) with these adsorbents at pH values of 4 to 9 and Au adsorption densities ranging from 0.046 to 1.53 μmol/m2 were characterized using Au-LIII XAFS spectroscopy. The solutions (before and after uptake) were investigated by Raman scattering to determine speciation and by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) to determine solution composition. We present an analysis of several effects that are observed in the Au LIII-edge XAFS spectra, including X-ray beam-induced photo-reduction, multi-electronic excitations, disorder effects, and multiple scattering, that would complicate interpretation of the spectra if not accounted for. A combination of methods (spectral deconvolution, principal component analysis, spectral inversion, and wavelet analysis) was used to identify and quantify these effects, to characterize the nature of mixed ligands around gold, and to distinguish between multiple-scattering features and features due to next-nearest neighbors in the XAFS spectra.Analysis of the Au-LIII XAFS spectra showed that Au(III) is present as square-planar Au(III)(O,Cl)4 complexes in the aqueous solutions and on the surfaces of the Al/Fe-(oxy)hydroxide adsorption samples with dominantly O ligands at pH > 6 and mixed O/Cl ligands at lower pH values. The EXAFS-derived Au-O and Au-Cl distances are 2.00(2) and 2.28(2) Å, respectively, and the magnitudes of the Debye-Waller factors and third cumulants from anharmonic analyses indicate very little thermal or positional disorder around Au(III) in the adsorption samples. Iron second neighbors are present around Au in the Au(III)/ferrihydrite and Au(III)/goethite adsorption samples, with Au-Fe distances of 3.1(1) and 3.3(1) Å. In boehmite, two sets of Au-Al distances were detected at 3.0(1) and 3.2(1) Å. A reverse Monte Carlo study of the XAFS spectroscopic data suggests the presence of a continuum of edge-shared AuO4-FeO6 distances, which cannot be described correctly by a classical model of these data in which only a mean distance (although severely under-estimated) is derived. 相似文献
A detailed organic geochemical study; utilising petrography, biomarker hydrocarbon analysis and high temperature GC analysis of extractable wax hydrocarbon constituents was performed on four marginally oil window-mature source rocks from the Shahejie Formation (Eocene), Damintun depression in eastern China. The main maceral components in the source rocks were vitrinite, liptinite and exinite, with vitrinite being more abundant (>50 vol.%) in organic-lean samples whose TOC contents were between 1 and 2 wt.%. Large differences in pristane/phytane ratios suggested that the organic-rich samples were deposited in a less oxic depositional environment than that for the organic-lean rocks. The distribution of extractable wax hydrocarbons, determined by high temperature GC, showed a marked difference between these two sample types. The organic-rich samples contained high molecular weight hydrocarbons (HMWHCs) dominated by macrocrystalline n-alkanes (n-C23–n-C37, typically maximising at n-C29), while the organic-lean samples contained lower amounts of extractable wax hydrocarbons but were relatively rich in microcrystalline components (> n-C35). In all source rocks (Es3 and Es4), a noticeable odd-over-even predominance (OEP) of n-alkane chain lengths (up to n-C65) was evident, consistent with a direct biological origin for the long n-alkyl chains. They were most probably formed during diagenesis from decarboxylation of predominantly even-carbon-numbered aliphatic acids originating from higher plant or lacustrine algal sources and/or were directly biosynthesised in hydrocarbon form. At least two other homologous series of branched/cyclic HMWHCs were observed, one of which was confirmed as a series of branched alkanes (probably methyl-branched). The carbon number distribution patterns of HMWHCs may be primarily controlled by thermal maturity and biogenic source input as well as being influenced by diagenetic reactions governed by depositional environmental conditions, as shown previously [Carlson, R.M.K., Teerman, S.C., Moldowan, J.M., Jacobson, S.R., Chan, E.I., Dorrough, K.S., Seetoo, W.C., Mertani, B., 1993. High temperature gas chromatography of high wax oils. In: Indonesian Petroleum Association, 22nd Annual Convention Proceedings. Jakarta, Indonesian, pp. 483–507. Carlson, R.M.K., Jacobsen, S.R., Moldowan, J.M., Chan E.I., 1994. Potential application of high temperature gas chromatography to Middle Eastern petroleum exploration and production. In: Al-Husseini, M.I. (Ed.), Geo'94, Vol 1., Selected Middle East Papers from The Middle East Petroleum Geoscience Conference, 1994; Gulf PetroLink. Manama, Bahrain, pp. 258–267]. Our study indicates for the first time that Es3 source rocks as well as Es4 facies contain HMWHCs. The distributions of extractable wax hydrocarbons suggest that both Es4 and Es3 members may potentially serve as important parent source rocks for generating waxy petroleum in this region. 相似文献