陕西省CO2排放强度的变动趋势及影响因素分析

以中国首批低碳试点地区之一的陕西省为研究对象,在测算其历年碳排放量的基础上,分析了碳强度的变动趋势,发现1978-2011年间陕西省碳强度的变动趋势呈现“N”型曲线;对影响碳强度的因素进行研究,基于Kaya恒等式,采用对数均值迪氏指数法进行短期分析,基于STIRPAT模型,利用协整方程进行长期分析.结果表明,能源效率的提高是碳强度波动性下降的主要和直接决定因素,且能源结构的调整也有利于碳强度降低.     

Research on the inversion of elemental abundances from Chang’E-2 X-ray spectrometry data

The elemental abundances of lunar surface are the important clues to study the formation and evolution history of the Moon. In 2010, China＇s Chang＇E-2 （CE-2） lunar orbiter carried a set of X-ray spectrometer （XRS） to investigate the elemental abundances of the lunar surface. During CE-2＇s life span around the Moon, the XRS ex- perienced several events of solar flare. The X-ray solar monitor onboard recorded the spectra of solar X-rays at the same time. In this paper, we introduced the XRS instrument and data product. We analyzed the characteristics of the XRS data. Using the data obtained during an M solar flare event which had occurred on Feb. 16, 201 l, we derived the elemental abundances ofMg, A1, Si, Ca and Fe of the lunar surface in the Oceanus Procellarum. Finally, we dis- cussed the factors that influence the accuracy of the inversion.     

北京石花洞洞穴滴水中硫酸根浓度的时空变化及其意义

硫是环境地球化学循环中重要的元素之一,是区域及全球性环境变化的重要驱动因子。本文通过对石花洞洞穴4个滴水点（JG,SH,PL1和PL2）硫酸根浓度近3个水文年的分析测定（BL点观测近两年）,结果表明:响应降雨快的滴水点（SH和JG点）滴水SO42-浓度升高幅度最明显,且滴水SO42-浓度与滴率成指数关系;滞后响应降雨的观测点滴水SO42-浓度雨季升高幅度不明显,但在长期观测期间有明显增加的趋势;对降雨没有响应的滴水点,其SO42-浓度低且雨季没有明显变化。通过分析表明,在快速响应降水的滴水点,滴水硫酸根浓度大幅升高可能在一定程度上影响滴水pH值,这也可能是导致雨季时,快速下渗进入洞穴的滴水碳酸钙饱和度降低,从而抑制滴水沉积的一个不可忽略的因素。      

连云港市冬季降水天气过程对比分析

对连云港市近5 a冬季45个不同形态降水样本统计分析基础之上,利用常规天气图、物理量场以及新一代天气雷达资料,对发生在2007年冬季的三次不同形态(纯雨、雨夹雪、纯雪)降水天气过程进行了对比分析,归纳了冬季降水在物理量场及多普勒天气雷达图上的基本特征,总结了对降水形态预报具有指示意义的关键因子,同时探讨了连云港市冬季降水形态的预报着眼点,结果表明:降水区上空温度700 hPa是否低于-3 ℃、850 hPa是否低于0 ℃和地面温度是否小于3 ℃,以及雷达回波强度图上是否出现零度层亮带等,都可作为判断降水形态的重要指标.     

荧光-紫外检测器高效液相色谱法检测地下水中16种多环芳烃

应用荧光-紫外检测器联用的高效液相色谱法分析地下水中16种多环芳烃。对高效液相色谱条件进行优化,建立了分析方法,并用于实际水样分析。在较佳的实验条件下,加标回收率为86.3%～105%,方法精密度(RSD,n=7)为0.39%～2.55%,检出限为0.001～0.010μg/L。分析16种PAHs仅用20min,比EPA8310方法中采用的液相色谱法缩短了17min。方法灵简便、准确,灵敏度高,分析时间短,适用于大批量地下水中痕量多环芳烃的分析。     

气相起爆系统可靠性试验研究

对气相起爆系统传爆的可靠性和连接的可靠性以及安全使用等方面进行了实验室研究和探讨。通过测试，分析了影响传爆可靠性的几种因素，对常用网路连接方式进行了优劣比较，提出了起爆系统安全使用条件。     

磷酸三丁酯醋酸纤维富集－火焰原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量金

在５％～４０％王水介质中，用磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）－醋酸纤维吸附富集Ａｕ，被吸附的Ａｕ用热硫脲溶液解脱，火焰原子吸收法测定。Ａｕ的回收率大于９８％，方法简便快速，经地质标样分析验证结果可靠。     

The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution part 2: historical and future simulations of precipitation

This paper presents the first multi-model ensemble of 10-year, “convection-permitting” kilometer-scale regional climate model (RCM) scenario simulations downscaled from selected CMIP5 GCM projections for historical and end of century time slices. The technique is to first downscale the CMIP5 GCM projections to an intermediate 12–15 km resolution grid using RCMs, and then use these fields to downscale further to the kilometer scale. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the representation of the precipitation characteristics and their projected changes over the greater Alpine domain within a Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment Flagship Pilot Study and the European Climate Prediction system project, tasked with investigating convective processes at the kilometer scale. An ensemble of 12 simulations performed by different research groups around Europe is analyzed. The simulations are evaluated through comparison with high resolution observations while the complementary ensemble of 12 km resolution driving models is used as a benchmark to evaluate the added value of the convection-permitting ensemble. The results show that the kilometer-scale ensemble is able to improve the representation of fine scale details of mean daily, wet-day/hour frequency, wet-day/hour intensity and heavy precipitation on a seasonal scale, reducing uncertainty over some regions. It also improves the representation of the summer diurnal cycle, showing more realistic onset and peak of convection. The kilometer-scale ensemble refines and enhances the projected patterns of change from the coarser resolution simulations and even modifies the sign of the precipitation intensity change and heavy precipitation over some regions. The convection permitting simulations also show larger changes for all indices over the diurnal cycle, also suggesting a change in the duration of convection over some regions. A larger positive change of frequency of heavy to severe precipitation is found. The results are encouraging towards the use of convection-permitting model ensembles to produce robust assessments of the local impacts of future climate change.