基于U型卷积神经网络的航空影像建筑物检测

经典的卷积神经网络结构在前向传播过程中分辨率不断下降,导致仅采用末层特征时难以实现建筑物边缘的精确分割,进而限制目标检测精度。针对该问题,提出一种基于U型卷积网络的建筑物检测方法。首先借鉴在图像分割领域中性能出色的神经网络模型U-Net的建模思想,采用对称式的网络结构融合深度网络中的高维和低维特征以恢复高保真边界;其次考虑到经典U-Net对位于特征金字塔顶层的模型参数优化程度相对不足,通过在顶层和底层两个不同尺度输出预测结果进行双重约束,进一步提升了建筑物检测精度。在覆盖范围达30 km²、建筑物目标28 000余个的航空影像数据集上的试验结果表明,本文方法的检测结果在IoU和Kappa两项关键评价指标的均值上分别达到83.7%和89.5%,优于经典U-Net模型,显著优于经典全卷积网络模型和基于人工设计特征的AdaBoost模型。     

长江、黄河大洪水前期地球系统演变的分析

通过分析江、淮、黄、海四大洪共１４个大洪水年的前期地震场特征,发现大洪水前在青藏高原东南地区、亚欧中纬地带和台湾以东洋面三处的有强地震发生,若强震出现在中印缅热点则对应着江淮大小;强震出现在川青甘地区则对应着黄海河大水。引发大水的直接原因是本地区地热涡的强烈发展,它因刚好位于数组”同向等距地热涡族”的相交点上,交相干共振的结果,文中详细分析了１９５４和１９８２年两个个例。最后分析了“中印缅热点”的     

塔里木板块东北部坡北岩体内橄榄辉长苏长岩岩石成因

坡北岩体位于塔里木板块东北部,由5个阶段的岩浆作用形成,其中,第二阶段岩浆作用形成的侵入体岩石类型单一,主要为橄榄辉长苏长岩,局部有零星的辉长苏长岩和斜长岩。岩石的SiO₂—FeO/MgO图解显示其化学组成为钙碱性系列,但单斜辉石的Al₂O₃—SiO₂及n（Si）—n（Al^Ⅳ）图解表明母岩浆为拉斑玄武质岩浆。岩浆演化方向与岩石化学系列的转化是同化混染作用的结果,侵入体遭受了长城系古硐井岩群1.38%～3.15%的混染。原生岩浆为MgO含量约7.31%的玄武质岩浆。岩石的TiO₂、Na₂O、K₂O、稀土元素、大离子亲石元素丰度均很低;除一件样品外,其余岩石的ε_Nd（t）值为+2.54～+2.81,这些特征表明岩浆源区属亏损型大陆岩石圈地幔。岩浆在结晶过程中处于物理化学条件相对稳定的近平衡状态,局部不平衡分离结晶形成堆晶结构和纹层状构造,岩浆结晶温度约为1070℃。由于岩浆源区熔融程度低,导致原生岩浆贫硫,且岩浆在演化过程中没有经历充分的分离结晶作用,这些因素使得橄榄辉长苏长岩侵入体不具备硫达到过饱和进而发生铜镍硫化物熔离成矿的潜力。     

安徽宣城黄土堆积的磁性地层学与古环境意义

利用磁性地层学方法对安徽宣城剖面的研究表明,B/M界限位于剖面中网纹红土的中下部,结合光释光测年可以外推出长江中下游地区的典型风成沉积开始形成于0.85Ma前后。这一年龄对应于一次全球性的气候转型事件,在海洋沉积与我国北方的黄土-古土壤序列中均记录了这一气候转型事件。同时,0.85Ma对应于中更新世的两大地质事件,一是全球冰量的增加,二是青藏高原的快速隆升,长江中下游地区风成堆积的开始,可能是上述两个因素共同作用的结果。      

西秦岭杨河-固城一带原“泥盆系“中发现早石炭世化石

西秦岭武山杨河礼县固城一带的原"泥盆纪"地层中,发现了大量属于早石炭世的牙形刺、珊瑚和有孔虫化石,为该区地层的重新划分提供了直接的证据.这对于重新认识该区乃至整个西秦岭地区石炭纪古地理格局、地质演化历史、沉积相和沉积环境等都有重要的意义.     

昆明城市气候水平空间分布特征

以昆明城市为研究对象，对城市西南-东北剖线的实测资料比较研究，从气温、水汽压、相对湿度、风速、风向等方面分析了昆明城市气候特征、变化规律及城市热岛效应。研究表明：在昆明存在热岛效应，以夜间最为明显，其最强度效应可达5.0℃，出现时刻（3时）与国内外多数研究结果（傍晚）有所不同；昆明城市昼间呈现明显的干岛效应。所得结论可为探讨昆明城市气候特片和形成机制，城市环境污染防治及建筑规划、设计等提供依据。     

A Primary Observation on Palynofacies of the Chuangde Section (Late Jurassic-Cretaceous), Gyangzê, Southern Tibet

A primary study on palynofacies, which concerns the paleoenvironments from the sight of association of sedimentary organic matter preserved in sedimentary rocks, is conducted for a Late Jurassic-Cretaceous succession at Gyangzê, southern Tibet. Two palynofacies are recognized, which are formed in different sedimentary environments. The one in the pelagic is infertile in organic productivity and monotonous in component and is dominated by AOMA, while the other, being closely bound up with the slope, is characterized by abundant black phytoclasts that are possibly of algal origin and contains much AOM. The influence of terrestrial input is clear in the latter, for particles generated from terrestrial plants are common. A number of fossil spores and pollen together with some dinocysts are discovered, but they are normally in a bad condition of preservation. Nevertheless, this convinces us that the late Jurassic-Cretaceous succession in the Gyangzê area has a potential for palynological stratigraphy. We have also proved that the volume of PM can achieve similar results in presenting the productivity of organic matter as the weight of TOC does. This technique is much easier in the laboratory than that we do with TOC.     

Relationship between reference value (Wintrobe) of Chinese people's erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and geographical factors

IntroductionEothrocytesedimentahonrateusSR)isanimportantindexofhemorheology.Atpresent,itisdifficulttoachieveaccuracyandcomparabilityinclinicalprachceandresearchbecauseoflackofaunifiedstandardofthereferencevalue(Wintrobe)ofhealthyPeople'sESRinChina.ManyresearchershavemeaSUredthelocalreferencevaluesofESR(Wintrobe)l'-:'l.Bymeansofcorrelationandregressionanalysis,researchontherelationshipbetweenthereferencevalue(Wintrobe)ofESRandgeographicalfactorsshowedthathlereareceylonregularPatternsbet…     

Cenozoic Crustally-derived Carbonate-rich Magmatic Rocks in West Junggar,North Xinjiang,Western China: Geochronology,Geochemistry and Tectonic Implications

The carbonate-rich magmatic rocks of West Junggar are distributed in the Baijiantan and Darbut ophiolitic mélanges in the forms of extrusive rocks overlying the mélanges and dykes, either along the margins of the mélange or cross-cutting components of mélanges. Chilled margin and flow structures are present. A SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 39.7 ± 1.3 Ma indicates that these carbonate-rich rocks in West Junggar were formed during the Eocene. They have low concentrations in REEs, Th, U, Nb, Ta and are characterized by extremely low εN d(t), high(87 Sr/86 Sr)i ratios, relatively high δ18 OV-SMOW values and high δ13 CV-PDB values, which is similar with most sedimentary carbonates. Furthermore, no contemporaneous mantle-derived silicate rocks have yet been found in West Junggar. The carbonate-rich rocks in West Junggar are thus distinct from mantle-derived carbonatites and are interpreted to result from melting of the Carboniferous sedimentary carbonates at crustal levels, these rocks therefore being referred to as 'crustal carbonatites'. The Eocene crustal carbonatites in West Junggar and other Cenozoic magmatic rocks in North Xinjiang are generally situated along regional strike-slip faults or fault intersections. Therefore, we propose that the reactivation of the Darbut and Baijiantan crustal-scale strike-slip fault zones(ophiolitic mélanges), due to the far-field effects of the Indian-Eurasian collision, enables decompression melting of the underlying continental lithospheric mantle. These resulting melts ascended to the lower crust through the strike-slip faults, causing partial melting of the Carboniferous carbonaceous sediments. The crustal carbonatites in West Junggar provide a new piece of evidence for Cenozoic magmatism in North Xinjiang and are also significant for the investigation of tectono-magmatic relations in North Xinjiang and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.     

高聚物外包盾构隧道离心机振动台试验研究

为了验证非水反应聚氨酯高聚物(后文简称高聚物)外包盾构隧道具有减震性能,对高聚物外包盾构隧道模型和无外包隧道模型,采用离心机振动台进行对比试验。针对中密砂土围岩,在不同阵型特征的地震波输入下,对比有无高聚物外包隧道加速度、频谱、隧道动力响应和地表沉降,分析高聚物的减震性能。试验结果表明:在不同地震激励的工况下,对于有无高聚物外包的隧道模型,其加速度和频谱差别不大;二者隧道各点上的动应变平均相差31.32%;高聚物外包层隧道模型地表的最终沉降分别比无外包隧道模型和自由场地表沉降约小20%和50%。试验证明高聚物对盾构隧道有减震作用,此试验研究为高聚物在今后的工程应用提供参考依据。