Numerical simulation and environmental impact prediction of karst groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin,China

The changes of development and utilization of karst groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin have made the original groundwater resource evaluation unable to meet the needs of future economic development. Based on analysis of existing data, combined with the characteristics of supplement, runoff and draining of regional karst groundwater, the Visual Modelflow software was used to build a numerical simulation model of Sangu spring Basin. The amount of karst groundwater resource and groundwater environment of the Basin were evaluated under different exploitation schemes, and the changes of karst groundwater environment in the future ten years were also predicted. The fitting error which is less than 0.5 m between the calculated value and measured value of the water level in the fitted borehole accounts for 93%. For the lithologically and structurally complex Sangu Spring Basin, the fitting effect of numerical simulation model was ideal. On the basis of the current mining amount of 111.80 million m³/a, the total redistributed exploited amount in the spring region was 61.79 million m³/a. Under the condition that the quantity of recoverable resources reached 173.59 million m³/a and under different precipitation schemes, all constraint conditions were satisfied, such as regional water level drawdown, maximum allowable water level drawdown in every simulated water source area and the flow rate of Guobi Spring. The results will provide a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of karst groundwater in Sangu Spring Basin.     

Reservoir Porosity Measurement Uncertainty and its Influence on Shale Gas Resource Assessment

Reservoir porosity is a critical parameter for the process of unconventional oil and gas resources assessment. It is difficult to determine the porosity of a gas shale reservoir, and any large deviation will directly reduce the credibility of any shale gas resources evaluation. However, there is no quantitative explanation for the accuracy of porosity measurement. In this paper, measurement uncertainty, an internationally recognized index, was used to evaluate the results of porosity measurement of gas shale plugs, and its impact on the credibility of shale gas resources assessment was determined. The following conclusions are drawn:(1) the measurement uncertainty of porosity of a shale plug is 1.76%–3.12% using current measurement methods, the upper end of which is too large to be acceptable. It is suggested that the measurement uncertainty should be factored into the standard helium gas injection porosity determination experiment, and the uncertainty should be less than 2.00% when using a high-precision pressure gauge;(2) in order to reduce the risk for exploration and decision-making, attention should be paid to the large uncertainty(30% at least) of shale gas resource assessment results, sometimes with corrections being made based on the practical considerations;(3) a pressure gauge with an accuracy of 0.25% of the full scal cannot meet the requirements of porosity measurement, and a high-precision plug cutting method or high-precision bulk volume measurement method such as one using 3 D scanning, is recommended to effectively reduce porosity uncertainty;(4) the method and process for evaluating the measurement uncertainty of gas shale porosity could also be referred for assessment of experimental quality by other laboratories.     

ArcGIS软件在第二次全国地名普查中的应用

ArcGIS软件是针对空间定位数据、图形数据、遥感影像数据、属性数据等进行编辑处理的一款GIS软件,目前在第一次全国地理国情普查、第二次全国土地调查、土地利用开发整理等各方面,都能看到ArcGIS软件的身影。由于地名具有空间、属性信息,ArcGIS软件在地名普查工作中也得到了广泛的应用,本文将主要介绍ArcGIS软件在第二次全国地名普查工作中的具体应用。     

多核学习与用户反馈结合的WMS图层检索方法

现有WMS检索方法多基于服务元数据文本匹配,缺乏对地图内容的“感知”,无法应对元数据缺失或图文不符的情境。本文设计了一种多特征多核学习和用户反馈结合的WMS图层检索方法,利用多核学习算法融合颜色、形状与纹理特征,实现图层分类和相似度排序,并通过采集检索结果展示页面中的兴趣图层标记进行用户反馈,以优化分类模型和提高检索精度。试验结果表明,该方法查准率高且检索用时较短,能够与现有基于文本检索的地理信息资源门户集成,实现WMS的快速检索与有效发现。     

基于MSPA和MCR模型的舟山岛生态安全格局构建及优化

随着城市化进程的不断推进,海岛生态安全格局完整性逐渐降低、生态安全风险逐渐增加。为提高海岛地区应对生态风险的能力,本研究选择舟山岛作为研究对象,通过生物多样性维护功能重要性评估,结合形态学空间格局分析（MSPA）和景观连通性分析,筛选出10个生态源地。基于最小累积阻力模型（MCR）搭建生态廊道并基于重力模型分析廊道的重要程度,构建了33条潜在生态廊道和12条重要生态廊道,通过网络闭合度（α指数）、线点率（β指数）以及网络连接度（γ指数）评价了研究区生态网络完整度,并运用Linkage Mapper识别出多个重要生态节点。研究表明：（1）舟山岛生态源地斑块较细碎,面积为72.36 km2,约占研究区面积14%;(2)总体生态阻力较低,低阻力面面积为254.69 km2,占研究区总面积约50%;高阻力面主要为舟山岛沿海城市建设区,面积为141.99 km2,约占研究区面积28%;(3)生态网络完整度评价结果表明,生态网络中供物种迁移扩散的路径不足,生态网络整体循环性和流通性有待提高;（4）位于源地间的小块耕地和建设用地一定程度上阻碍和限制了区域生态安全格局的构建。基于上述结果,提出了“一带...     

油藏规模序列法在胜坨油区资源评价中的应用

胜坨油区已勘探开发40多年,油气勘探程度高。应用油藏规模序列法对该地区资源量进行了评价,结果表明：胜坨油区仍有124个30×10^4级地质储量以上的待发现油藏,剩余资源总量达1．46×10^8t。待发现油藏的规模不仅局限于百万吨级储量以下的小规模油藏,百万吨级储量以上的油藏还有35个,地质储量9672×10^4t。应用油藏规模序列法所计算的胜坨油区剩余资源量及其规模分布能够为该地区今后的勘探工作提供指导。     

交流变频调速钻机的节能潜力

以XY - 4型地质钻机为例 ,对常规异步电机驱动和交流变频调速驱动时的钻机能耗进行对比分析 ,结果表明 :后者能耗明显小于前者 ,证明钻机采用交流变频调速动力系统有显著的节能效果 ,为提高钻机性能、降低钻探成本提供了一个新的技术途径。     

Thermal Evolution of Plutons and Uplift Process of the Yanshan Orogenic Belt

Thermochronological dating was used to study the thermal evolution of the Mesozoic plutons and uplift history of the Yanshan orogenic belt. The results show that the cooling history of the plutons is complicated, corresponding to the inhomogeneous uplift process of the Yanshan orogenic belt. The Panshan granite cooled fast during 226.48-204.95 Ma at a rate of 10.22℃/Ma after its emplacement at a depth of about 10 km, and its fast uplift occurred in about 96-35 Ma at an average rate of 0.115 mm/a. The Wulingshan pluton cooled fast during 132-127.23 Ma at a rate of 94.34℃/Ma, and its rapid uplift occurred in 86-45 Ma at an average rate of 0.186 mm/a. The Yunmengshan granite cooled fast during 143-120.99 Ma at a rate of 19.51℃/Ma, and its rapid uplift occurred in 106-103.95 Ma and 20-0.0 Ma at a rate of 1.06 mm/a and 0.15 mm/a respectively. The Sihetang granite-gneiss uplifted rapidly since 13 Ma at an average rate of 0.256 mm/a. The Badaling granite uplifted rapidly since 6 Ma at an average rate of 0.5     

计算生油气量的C—K法

有机碳－干酪根法（简称Ｃ－Ｋ法）,是以油气成因的干酪根热降解动力学理论为核心的计算生油气量的新方法。使用了地质温度计－－镜煤反射率,将有机质及原油的热演化过程划分类一个阶段：Ⅰ－－低成熟阶段;Ⅱ－－高成熟阶段;Ⅲ－－过成熟阶段。以不同的学者的模拟实验为参考,综合分析了含油气区生油气层的沉积相,有机地球化学相条件,确定了不同生油气层有机碳（Ｃ）与原始干酪根（Ｋｏ）（未成熟的干酪根）的比例关系,从而建     

鄂尔多斯盆地演化-改造的时空坐标及其成藏(矿)响应

鄂尔多斯盆地的发育时限为中晚三叠世—早白垩世,晚白垩世以来为盆地的后期改造时期;盆地主体具克拉通内盆地特征;现今盆地为经过多期不同形式改造的残留盆地。该盆地叠加在早、晚古生代大型盆地之上,又属多重叠合型盆地。鄂尔多斯盆地集油气、煤和铀于一盆,多种能源矿产丰富。根据盆地及周缘地区主要地质构造特征和地质事件,结合对盆地各区裂变径迹年龄的综合研究认为,在盆地发育时期(T2—K1)至少发生了4期明显的构造变动,将盆地的沉积-演化过程划分为4个阶段:中晚三叠世和早中侏罗世富县—延安期为盆地发育的两个鼎盛阶段,广泛接受沉积,湖盆宽阔,沉积范围为今残留盆地面积的2倍多;形成重要的含油和成煤岩系。这两个阶段被期间发生的区域抬升变动(J1)所分隔。抬升导致沉积间断,延长组顶部遭受强烈而不均匀的侵蚀下切,形成起伏较大的侵蚀地貌。延安期末盆地抬升变动不强烈,沉积间断和剥蚀延续时间短。随后又复沉降,进入盆地发育的第三阶段中侏罗世直罗-安定期:沉积范围仍较广阔,但湖区面积明显减小。晚侏罗世构造变动强烈,在盆地西缘形成逆冲-推覆构造带,在其东侧前渊局限堆积厚度不等的砾岩,盆地中东部地区遭受剥蚀改造;今黄河以西地区初显东隆西坳格局。在早白垩世阶段,沉积分布仍较广阔,不整合超覆在前期西缘冲断带和南、北边部隆起之上。在盆地演化的前三个阶段,沉积中心均分布在延安附近及其以东;而堆积中心则位于邻近物源的盆地西部,且不同阶段位置有别;直到早白垩世,盆地的沉积中心和堆积中心的分布位置才大体一致,主要位于盆地西部的中南段。早白垩世末,鄂尔多斯盆地整体抬升,大型盆地消亡;盆地开始进入后期改造时期。在晚白垩世以来的盆地后期改造时期,鄂尔多斯盆地主要发生了以下重要地质事件:1盆地主体持续幕式、差异性整体抬升和强烈而不均匀的剥蚀,东部黄河附近被剥蚀的中生界厚度最大可达2000m;2盆地本部长期幕式整体的差异抬升和剥蚀,形成3期区域侵蚀-夷平面(E32—E12,E23和N21);3地块边部裂陷,周缘断陷盆地相继形成,接受巨厚沉积;4持续达2亿多年的东隆西降运动于中新世晚期(8MaBP)反转易位;东部开始沉降,广泛接受红黏土沉积;六盘山、地块西缘和西部相继隆升;标志着中国西部区域构造运动对该区的影响更为重要;5分别在8MaBP和2.5MaBP,风成红黏土、黄土开始广泛堆积,先后形成红土准高原和黄土高原及黄土高原面;6黄河水系的发育、外流和侵蚀地貌的形成。根据各主要地质事件的发生和动力学环境的演变,将该区晚白垩世以来划分为5个演化阶段(K2—E1;E2-3;N1-21;N31—N2;Q)。这些地质事件的发生和构造变动,与周邻各构造域,特别是中国东、西部(含青藏高原)重大构造运动的复合、叠加及其与时彼此消长变化密切相关;其活动和改造,使中生代盆地的原始面貌大为改观。鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产成生—成藏(矿)和定位的主要期次,与盆地中新生代演化和改造的阶段有明显的响应联系和密切的耦合关系。盆地演化末(晚)期及之后的整体差异隆升和区域剥蚀,对鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产的成藏(矿)和分布及其相互作用的影响最为重要。