Drying increases organic colloidal mobilization in the karst vadose zone: Evidence from a 15-year cave-monitoring study

Understanding the hydrological processes of colloids within the karst vadose zone is vital to the security of karst groundwater and providing appropriate paleohydrological explanations of colloid-facilitated metals in speleothem. This study addresses the mobilization mechanisms driving colloidal organic matter (COM) transport in the karst vadose zone using a 15-year long monthly monitoring dataset from a cave drip point (HS4) in Heshang Cave, Qingjiang Valley, China. Variations in COM concentrations were reported as the fluorescence difference values of raw and filtered (<0.22 μm) samples at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm and emission wavelength of ~400 nm. A fluorescence humification index (HIX) lower than 0.8 and an autochthonous index (BIX) higher than 1.2 indicated that the origin of COM was mainly from the karst vadose zone, rather than the soil zone. The COM concentration varied from 0.001 to 0.038 Raman Unit (RU), with evident seasonal fluctuations. Rising limbs for COM values occurred prior to rising limbs within a dripwater hydrograph; moreover, the COM peak values corresponding to the beginning of the increasing hydrograph generally suggested that the mobilization of COM reflected the movement of the air–water interface (AWI) in the karst vadose zone rather than rainfall intensity or flow velocity. COM peak values were positively correlated with the antecedent drying duration and negatively correlated with HIX values. These phenomena may be explained by the increased amount of organic matter that was aggregated and absorbed on the surface of carbonate in the karst vadose zone during a longer drying duration. Moreover, the longer drying duration was also beneficial to autochthonous biological activity, which subsequently decreased the HIX value of the organic matter in the karst vadose zone. The movement of AWI and the drying duration are both controlled by the outside weather conditions. This study is therefore conducive to evaluating the security of karst groundwater in response to climate change, and challenges prevailing paleoclimate interpretations of colloid-facilitated metal abundance timeseries reported from speleothems.     

Quantifying suitable dynamic water levels in marsh wetlands based on hydrodynamic modelling

The water level of marsh wetlands is a dominant force controlling the wetland ecosystem function, especially for aquatic habitat. For different species, water level requirements vary in time and space, and therefore ensuring suitable water levels in different periods is crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity in marsh wetlands. Based on hydrodynamic modelling and habitat suitability assessment, we determined suitable dynamic water levels considering aquatic habitat service at different periods in marsh wetlands. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial variation of water level. The habitat suitability for target species at various water levels was evaluated to obtain the fitting curves between Weighted Usable Area (WUA) and water levels. And then suitable water levels throughout the year were proposed according to the fitting curves. Using the Zhalong Wetland (located in northeastern China) as a case study, we confirmed that the proposed MIKE 21 model can successfully be used to simulate the water level process in the wetland. Suitable water levels were identified as being from 143.9–144.2 m for April to May, 144.1–144.3 m for June to September, and 144.3–144.4 m for October to November (before the freezing season). Furthermore, proposed water diversion schemes have been identified which can effectively sustain the proposed dynamic water levels. This study is expected to provide appropriate guidance for the determination of environmental flows and water management strategies in marsh wetlands.     

The role of fog,orography, and seasonality on precipitation in a semiarid,tropical island

Isotopes of water (²H/¹H and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O) are commonly used to trace hydrological processes such as moisture recycling, evaporation loss, and moisture source region and often vary temporally in a given region. This study provides a first‐ever characterization of temporally variable precipitation mechanisms of San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos. We collected fog, rain, and throughfall samples over three field seasons to understand the mechanisms driving seasonal‐ and event‐based variability in the isotopic composition of precipitation in Galápagos. We establish that fog is a common phenomenon in San Cristóbal, especially during the dry season, and we found that fog, compared with cocollected rainfall, is consistently enriched. We further suggest that the relative contribution of fog formed via different mechanisms (orographic, advective, radiation) varied seasonally. We found that the source region is the most dominant control of the isotopic composition of rainfall in the Galápagos at both the seasonal and event scales, but subcloud evaporative processes (the nontraditional manifestation of the amount effect) became a dominant control on the isotopic composition of rainfall during the dry season. Overall, our findings suggest that understanding seasonally variable water‐generating mechanisms is required for effective water resource management in San Cristóbal Island and other semiarid island ecosystems under current and future regimes of climate change.     

Hydrological regulation of chemical weathering and dissolved inorganic carbon biogeochemical processes in a monsoonal river

To better understand the mechanisms relating to hydrological regulations of chemical weathering processes and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) behaviours, high-frequency sampling campaigns and associated analyses were conducted in the Yu River, South China. Hydrological variability modifies the biogeochemical processes of dissolved solutes, so major ions display different behaviours in response to discharge change. Most ions become diluted with increasing discharge because of the shortened reactive time between rock and water under high-flow conditions. Carbonate weathering is the main source of major ions, which shows strong chemostatic behaviour in response to changes in discharge. Ions from silicate weathering exhibit a significant dilution effect relative to the carbonate-sourced ions. Under high temperatures, the increased soil CO₂ influx from the mineralisation of organic material shifts the negative carbon isotope ratios of DIC (δ¹³C_DIC) during the high-flow season. The δ¹³C_DIC values show a higher sensitivity than DIC contents in response to various hydrological conditions. Results from a modified isotope-mixing model (IsoSource) demonstrate that biological carbon is a dominant source of DIC and plays an important role in temporal carbon dynamics. Furthermore, this study provides insights into chemical weathering processes and carbon dynamics, highlighting the significant influence of hydrological variability to aid understanding of the global carbon cycle.     

Mechanical behavior of porous solid considering mesoscopic elastic buckling

In this work, the elastic buckling of porous solids was investigated using a lattice spring model (LSM). The capability of the LSM to solve elastic buckling problems was comprehensively verified by comparing well-established numerical and analytical solutions. Following this, the buckling of a porous solid was studied, in which two porous structures were considered, ie, the random porous model and the Voronoi porous model. The results reveal that both the porosity and the shape of the pores influence the elastic buckling bearing capacity of the porous solid. Finally, the mechanical responses of a porous solid with an extra high porosity (0.85) were numerically investigated. Our numerical results demonstrated that the nonlinear elastic response of the porous solid might come from its mesoscale elastic buckling. This work shows the ability and promise of using the LSM as a fundamental numerical tool for the deep investigation of the buckling mechanical behavior of porous solids.     

技术创新对黄河流域城市绿色发展的影响研究

创新是推动黄河流域高质量发展的重要途径之一。利用2006—2018年黄河流域79个地级以上城市的面板数据,首先构建指标体系对各城市技术创新及绿色发展水平进行分析,其次通过面板计量模型深入探究技术创新对城市绿色发展的作用机理。研究表明：① 2006—2018年,黄河流域城市技术创新与绿色发展水平均得到明显提升,但空间差异显著,总体呈“下游>中游>上游”阶梯式递减特征。② 黄河流域城市技术创新对绿色发展总体上没有显著影响,但在加入技术创新的二次项后,两者之间呈现显著的“U”型非线性关系,即技术创新先抑制后促进城市绿色发展,这也验证了技术的“回弹效应”假说;③ 技术创新对黄河流域城市绿色发展的影响可以通过直接效应和间接效应共同体现,但这两种效应正好相反,即一个城市技术创新能力的提升对该城市绿色发展存在显著的“U”型（先抑制后促进）关系,但对邻近城市的作用呈现倒“U”型相反的关系。根据研究结论,从技术创新对城市绿色发展的直接效应和间接效应2个方面提出了相应的政策建议。     

多维邻近下浙江城市创新网络演化及其机制研究

以浙江90个县级城市（城区）为对象,基于大数据专利文本挖掘析取城市间合作申请专利数,构建创新网络,采用空间网络模型和负二项回归模型分析2007—2017年浙江城市创新网络的网络结构、时空演化及创新合作强度的影响机制。研究发现：① 浙江城市创新网络规模逐渐扩张,“小世界性”显著,通达性较好,整体呈以杭州湾区为核心的“网络局部化、辐射中心化”特征,等级层次性清晰;② 浙江城市创新合作强度与经济规模、教育水平、政策支持、技术势差、城市行政等级、技术邻近性、边界相邻效应显著正相关且受地理距离约束,认知邻近性和制度邻近性与创新合作间分别呈“U”型和倒“U”型曲线关系,网络效应更多在整体网层面上促进了创新合作。在特定省份县级城市层面探讨了如何加强城市创新网络协同效应,以促进地方城市间的创新联系。     

Co-production of Tight Gas and Coalbed Methane from Single Wellbore: a Simulation Study from Northeastern Ordos Basin,China

Natural Resources Research - Focusing on vertical multi-layer superimposition of unconventional natural gas reservoirs in coal-bearing strata, research on the co-production of tight gas and coalbed...     

2022冬奥会背景下北京区域居民参与冰雪运动消费调查

运用文献资料、问卷调查和数理统计、应用因子分析方法,结合北京区域滑雪场空间分布情况,对比居民冰雪运动参与倾向和频率,发现北京区域居民参与冰雪运动及消费的主要影响因素为性别、年龄、距离、收入水平和政策红利;分析得出雪场密度和区域经济水平、性别等对参与冰雪运动消费特征的影响。归纳4个主要影响北京区域居民参与冰雪运动的公共因子,分别是冰雪运动基础因子、冰雪运动信息因子、冰雪运动距离因子以及冰雪运动友谊因子。提出不断提升冰雪运动产品服务质量,出台鼓励性冰雪运动消费政策,完善冰雪运动消费环境,创新冰雪运动消费内容,逐步扩大冰雪消费规模等建议。     

基于多源数据的新疆人居环境质量评价

针对区域人居环境质量缺乏从自然和人文因子组合综合评价分析的现状,利用遥感影像、站点监测、交通网络等多源数据,获取与人居环境质量密切相关的自然和人文因素共17个影响因子。应用熵权法、GIS空间分析及现代大数据等方法,定量研究新疆人居环境质量综合评价指数的空间分异及其与经济、人口分布的协调性关系。结果表明：① 新疆自然环境本底受水资源及植被覆盖情况影响较大,自然环境本底评价指数高值区域的空间分布特征与绿洲分散分布的特点具有极大的相似性,县域尺度的高质量区聚集分布在天山北坡的伊犁河谷等地,低质量区和一般质量区大面积集中连片地分布在新疆南部和东部。② 人文环境受交通通达程度及基础支撑完善度影响较大,地级市、县级市优于其他县级地区,人文环境质量基本呈现以各地级市、县级市为中心向外辐射递减的空间分异规律。③ 人居环境质量综合评价指数空间分异显著,呈现出以乌鲁木齐、昌吉市等点为中心的局部圈层式递减的空间分异规律。木垒?皮山分界线东南部与西北部人居环境质量的平均水平相差悬殊。④ 整体人居环境质量水平较低,人口分布与人居环境质量综合评价指数空间分布的匹配度不足,一般质量区和低质量区的县域土地面积占比高达84.90%,分布了47.74%的人口,低质量区仍有较大的提升潜力。⑤ GDP水平与人居环境质量保持较高的匹配性,环境经济协调型县市数量较少,环境经济滞后型县市数量最多,经济发展与人居环境相互掣肘,制约着新疆的可持续性发展。