探地雷达在马来西亚某石灰岩工地探测实例

石灰岩地区地质条件比较复杂,进行建筑施工之前了解清楚石灰岩的起伏及岩溶破碎带的分布情况对分析地基的稳定性非常重要.马来西亚某石灰岩工地探地雷达探测实例显示,探测解释结果同钻孔验证结果基本吻合,说明利用探地雷达可以获得关于地基的地质信息,可为建筑设计和施工提供参考依据.     

中国金矿床(Ⅰ):成矿理论研究新进展

针对中国近年来金矿床学领域研究工作,综合讨论了金矿床成矿学理论研究方面的主要进展。它们集中体现在①大型一超大型金矿床;②区域成矿学与成矿系统;③造山带成矿与造山型金矿：从俯冲（增生）造山到碰撞造山成矿的显著发展;④成矿系列、成矿谱系到成矿体系研究;⑤热点、地幔柱及其多级演化：从边缘成矿到板内成矿;⑥成矿时代：从模糊到精确;⑦现代金矿成矿的实时模型;⑧从板块构造演化、超越板块构造到成矿地球动力学等8个方面。     

呼伦贝尔市煤矿矿区地质环境保护与综合治理

通过对呼伦贝尔市煤矿地质环境敏感性的综合评价,结合当地实际情况,提出了以修筑拦挡建筑物、支撑与坡面防护、锚固、排水、选择更合理的开采工艺等技术手段,对该地区地质灾害进行防治的方案。方案对海拉尔河河道治理、生物措施、井下回填工程、加固边坡、抽排水、发展煤矸石砖厂、移民避让、招商引资8个部分提出了防治方法,促进地质环境治理工作的进行。     

矿泉水常识问答

矿泉水中的饮用天然矿泉水在地下深循环条件下形成,化学成分稳定,水源卫生,细菌学指标安全。有一定含量的矿物盐、微量元素或二氧化碳气体,作为一种天然饮料,是其他饮用水无法比拟的,无须医生指导,长期饮用也不会对人体产生危害。     

The P-T-fO 2 stability of deerite,Fe 12 2+ Fe 6 3+ [Si12O40](OH)10

New equilibrium experiments have been performed in the 20–27 kbar range to determine the upper thermal stability limit of endmember deerite, Fe ₁₂ ²⁺ Fe ₆ ³⁺ [Si₁₂O₄₀](OH)₁₀. In this pressure range, the maximum thermal stability limit is represented by the oxygen-conserving reaction: deerite(De)=9 ferrosilite(Fs)+3 magnetite(Mag)+3 quartz(Qtz)+5 H₂O(W) (1). Under the oxygen fugacities of the Ni-NiO buffer the breakdown-reduction reaction: De=12 Fs+2 Mag+5 W+1/2 O₂ (10) takes place at lower temperatures (e.g. T=63° at 27 kbar). The experimental brackets can be fitted using thermodynamic data for ferrosilite, magnetite and quartz from Berman (1988) and the following 1 bar, 298 K data for deerite (per gfw): V^o=55.74 J.bar^-1, S^o=1670 J.K^-1, H _f ^o =-18334 kJ, =2.5x10^-5K^-1, =-0.18x10^-5 bar^-1. Using these data in conjunction with literature data on coesite, grunerite, minnesotaite, and greenalite, the P-T stability field of endmember deerite has been calculated for P _s=P _{H 2}O. This field is limited by 6 univariant oxygenconserving dehydration curves, from which three have positive dP/dT slopes, the other three negative slopes. The lower pressure end of the stability field of endmember deerite is thus located at an invariant point at 250±70°C and 10+-1.5 kbar. Deerite rich in the endmember can thus appear only in environments with geothermal gradients lower than 10°C/km and at pressures higher than about 10 kbar, which is in agreement with 4 out of 5 independent P-T estimates for known occurrences. The presence of such deerite places good constraints on minimum pressure and maximum temperature conditions. From log f _{O 2}-T diagrams constructed with the same data base at different pressures, it appears that endmember deerite is, at temperatures near those of its upper stability limit, stable only over a narrow range of oxygen fugacities within the magnetite field. With decreasing temperatures, deerite becomes stable towards slightly higher oxygen fugacities but reaches the hematite field only at temperatures more than 200°C lower than the upper stability limit. This practically precludes the coexistence deerite-hematite with near-endmember deerite in natural environments.     

Surface texture of Vesta from optical polarimetry

Polarimetric, photometric, and reflectance spectroscopic properties of asteroid 44 Vesta are simulated in the laboratory by a preparation of eucrite Bereba consisting oof a broad mixture of particle sizes (mainly greater than 50-μm) mixed and partially coated with particles of size 10 μm and less. Coarse grains are necessary for producing the same albedo and a very fine dust coating is necessary for producing the same polarization inversion angle as observed for Vesta. There are less small grains and fine dust in this sample than in lunar soils. Photometrically, if coating a sphere, this sample shows a constant brightness on the sunward half of the observed hemisphere, the brightness being given on the other half by the Minnaert reciprocity principle. With such a photometric behavior, the global geometric albedo and the sub-Earth point geometric albedo differ by no more than 5%. The microscopic phase coefficient β is 0.021 magnitude per degree for the sample; the larger value, β = 0.025, observed telescopically for Vesta indicates that large-scale roughness is present on this asteroid.     

基于RS和GIS的青藏高原草地生态系统土壤水分保持功能及其经济价值评估——以生长季为例

根据生态系统服务功能理论,利用RS和G IS技术,以土壤含水量为基础因子,对青藏高原区草地生态系统的土壤水分保持功能及其价值的动态变化过程进行有效评价,以直接的货币形式反映出青藏高原主要草地类型的土壤水分保持功能的大小。通过计算和分析发现:(1)由于草地类型分布面积、单位面积保持量的影响,各种类型草地提供的土壤水分保持功能及其价值贡献率有较大差异,按照大小依次为:高寒草原类、高寒草甸类,高寒荒漠类、高寒草甸草原类和温性山地草甸类;(2)草地对土壤水分保持量及其价值呈现出较强的阶段性变化过程;(3)由于各种草地类型所处地理区域不同、草地本身各种自然特点和整体生态功能的不同,青藏高原草地生态系统提供的土壤水分保持功能及其经济价值呈现出明显的地域分布规律:自西北至东南逐渐降低。应该说,由于青藏高原地域、地理和独特气候等原因所致,本文计算得出的青藏高原草地生态系统土壤水分保持功能及其价值的具体数值不一定十分准确,但是能在一定程度上反映出土壤水分保持功能的强大及其在生长季中随时间变化的动态过程和基本规律(这种规律性结论与前人研究结论一致),这是一种在区域尺度上揭示草地生态系统土壤水分保持功能及其价值动态变化过程的方法尝试,这也是对动态评估生态服务功能的一种有益尝试。     

煤炭城市生态环境可持续发展研究--以淮南市为例

根据城市生态学原理和方法,针对煤炭城市生态环境特点,构建了能够体现煤炭城市生态环境质量主要特征的,定性、定量考核的评价指标体系。利用层次分析、变权综合指数等方法,建立了煤炭城市生态环境质量综合评价模型。从自然、经济、社会三个方面对淮南市生态环境质量进行评价,并对淮南市生态环境可持续发展提出了相应对策。