城镇黑臭河道治理:多水塘活水链人工湿地的应用

随着现代工业的发展,城市黑臭河道问题日趋严重,严重影响了城市形象、生态环境和居民身心健康。利用多水塘活水链人工湿地技术净化江苏常州永胜河河水水质。监测结果显示:该技术使水体总氮浓度削减了92.0%、总磷浓度削减了82.9%,处理后的水体总氮、总磷含量达到地表IV类水标准。项目年处理水量约30万t,每年以较低的成本(平均水处理费用约为0.03元/t),削减总氮、总磷和氨氮量分别为1496.6 kg、176.0 kg和1408.6 kg。通过引植多种浮叶植物、挺水植物、沉水植物,该湿地修复工程为当地营造了优美的湿地景观。多水塘活水链人工湿地是集经济效益、生态效益、环境效益于一体的新型水体生态治理技术,为我国城镇黑臭河道治理提供了一条新的途径。     

Major contribution to carbon neutrality by China’s geosciences and geological technologies

In the context of global climate change, geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality. This paper discusses the main problems, opportunities, and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality, as well as China’s response to them. The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories: (1) Carbon emission reduction technology (natural gas hydrate, geothermal, hot dry rock, nuclear energy, hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen energy); (2) carbon sequestration technology (carbon capture and storage, underground space utilization); (3) key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization (raw materials for energy transformation, carbon reduction technology). Therefore, geosciences and geological technologies are needed: First, actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas, geothermal energy, hydropower, hot dry rock, and key energy minerals, and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas; the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection, carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures, and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters; the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences, organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources, carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory, and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines. The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research. In the future, it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects, enhance the ability of climate adaptation, and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.     

季风低压诱发2018年8月广东特大暴雨过程分析

利用NCEP/FNL再分析资料和中尺度数值模拟方法探讨2018年8月27日—9月1日季风低压环境下广东特大暴雨过程的形成成因。利用扰动天气图方法分析发现,季风低压和西南急流为此次广东暴雨过程提供了有利的水汽条件和能量条件。熵变零线位置与降水落区位置有较好的对应,零线处能量有最大累积,有利于暴雨的发生发展,对预报暴雨降水落区有一定的指示意义。为进一步验证季风低压的影响机制,构建不同季风低压尺度的敏感性试验,即通过滤去季风低压环流中的扰动分量来改变季风低压的强度。结果表明：暴雨强度与季风低压尺度和强度存在密切的关系。当季风低压强度较强时,暴雨过程总雨量强;当季风低压强度较弱时,降水大为减少甚至无降水。诊断分析指出,能量螺旋度指数能够较好反映出不同情形下降水发生发展,在季风低压背景下,暴雨区能量螺旋度指数较大,降水强度较强。反之,随着季风低压强度减弱,能量螺旋度指数减小,降水减弱。     

海洋沉积物孔隙水中阴阳离子含量的离子色谱法分析方法

分别采用Metrosep A Supp4-250型阴离子柱和Metrosep C 2-150型阳离子柱,以1.8 mmol/L Na2CO3 1.7 mmol/L NaHCO3和4 mmol/L酒石酸 0.75 mmol/L吡啶二羧酸为阴阳离子淋洗液,用离子色谱仪来测定海洋沉积物孔隙水中阴离子Cl-、Br-和SO42-浓度和阳离子Na 、NH4 、K 、Ca2 、Mg2 的浓度。特别是针对高Cl-和高Na 背景下Br-和NH4 的测定做了专门分析,得到了较理想的结果,建立了一套离子色谱法测定海洋沉积物孔隙水中常见的阴阳离子含量的实验方法。     

水下运载器外挂负载的系统测试方案及仿真

研究水下运载器外挂负载的测试问题,根据负载功能,建立了负载的系统模型。考虑到系统可测性,模型中增设一些辅助元件和电路,测试计算机通过与负载的自动驾驶计算机通讯,由自动驾驶计算机施加激励和采集响应,完成测试。最后,对测试方案进行了仿真试验,并分析了仿真结果。     

基于卫星遥感的夏季长春市城区热场分析

采用先进的遥感手段,能够大面积同步和动态地监测地面热场的分布和变化情况。利用长春市地区的LANDSAT图象,对于热红外波段遥感图象灰度值和地面温度之间的关系进行了定量的解译,并且采用TM6图象增强和密度分割的方法得到了长春市地面热场等级图,取得了很好的模拟效果。结果显示了长春市热场的分布具有明显的规律性。城市能耗和下垫面性质对于区域温度有直接的影响,此外,还结合图象分析了热场分布的形成因素。     

CNC-IGBP国际合作进展

1 About usThe International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) is an international scientific research programme initiated and organized by the International Council for Science Unions (ICSU) in 1986 (http://www.igbp.kva.se). The IGBP's mission is to de…     

世界自然遗产事业发展潜势分析

世界遗产(以下简称遗产)的申报和保护在策略、重点与工作方式上出现许多新的趋向。《凯恩斯决议》的修订突出对生态、地质演进及生物多样性价值的重视,并提高人们对自然遗产的认识水平,有助于完善自然遗产地的覆盖范围和世界遗产名录平衡性问题。这将加快自然类遗产的申报,尤其是涉及水圈的自然遗产,如海洋、淡水、山地及与此有关的生物多样性的自然遗产地的保护成为热点。国际协作使得跨国自然遗产的联合申报成为必然趋势。随着遗产保护地由点向线、面的扩展,绿色廊道遗产的建设将促进自然遗产事业的发展。     

旅游城市化研究进展及启示

旅游城市化是社会经济发展到一定阶段的产物,是伴随着旅游业和城市化不断发展而出现的一种必然现象。在对所能获得的国内外有关旅游城市化研究的代表性论著进行分析的基础上,作者从旅游城市化的概念、类型、特征及其影响等方面对旅游城市化的研究进行了分析,认为城市化是全面建设小康社会的基础,旅游城市化作为城市化的一种模式,为我国的城市化道路指明了一条方向。加强旅游城市化的理论和实证研究,有利于我国城市化健康、持续的发展。     

A new approach for vegetation change detection in urban areas

IntroductionVegetation distribution and change is regardedas ani mportant sign of urban environment . Withcity expanding and population increasing, herecomes a series of problems on environment ,andmoreover ,greening ratio is regarded as a stand-ard of ci…