腾冲热海火山地热区近期水热爆炸的阶段性演化特征

水热爆炸是活动性地热田的典型显示。腾冲热海火山地热区历史上曾发生过强烈的水热爆炸活动，但前期一度沉寂。1993年以来水热爆炸活动再度活跃。在过去十年间，研究区内发生过较大的爆炸喷发事件20余次，且规模越来越大。本文根据对爆炸形成泉点的选出气体化学和氦同位素组成的测试结果，研究了区内近期水热爆炸活动的演化特征。逸出气体化学和氦同位素组成特征指示，区内近期引发水热爆炸活动的气体源区有从浅层、中层向深层发展的趋势；作者认为，区内未来可能发生更大规模的爆炸活动，其危险性应引起高度关注。     

Vertical structures of PM10 and PM 2.5 and their dynamical character in low atmosphere in Beijing urban areas

The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower.     

海沟影响下深水海洋管线成环行为研究

在深水海洋管线的安装过程中,制造工艺的偏差和外部环境的影响易导致管线上不均匀的扭矩分布,在张力的共同作用下,管线在其触地区可能出现“成环”现象,受到严重损伤,而海洋管线的触地区也是海沟集中形成的区域。为了研究海沟对海洋管线成环行为的影响,基于OrcaFlex软件和构建海沟模型的经验公式,建立了深水悬链线立管和海沟的三维数值模型。就海沟轮廓、位置和土壤属性对立管成环行为的影响展开参数分析,并研究了不同工况下成环的临界载荷。研究表明：海沟的产生和扩展、立管相对海沟的合理位置以及土壤参数中海床表面不排水抗剪强度和吸力因子的增加,可有效降低立管成环过程中的最大压缩力和最大弯矩,从而减少成环引起的损伤;临界载荷的分析则有助于对成环的临界条件进行预测,避免成环现象的发生。     

深海无人系统大长径比环肋圆柱壳结构设计与试验研究

环肋圆柱壳是深海无人系统广泛采用的一种耐压结构形式,保障其结构安全是系统研制过程中非常重要的一环。针对环肋圆柱壳的结构特征推导了组合结构重量关系式和结构参数简化估算方法,并以一种超长型深海无人系统耐压结构为例,围绕大长径比环肋圆柱壳的结构形式、设计计算、仿真分析、模型验证等开展研究。研究表明提出的大长径比环肋圆柱壳结构设计参数简化估算方法具有较好的适应性。相关计算和分析结果可以为该型深海无人系统结构设计提供技术支撑,也可以为其他类似耐压结构设计提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎期间公众情感的时空演化分析

新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)严重影响了人们日常的工作和生活,引起了社会媒体的高度关注.基于此,本文选取青岛市为研究区域,运用Pearson相关性分析、核密度分析、百度人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)情感分析及词频-逆文档频率算法...     

北京市旅游流时空特征研究

大数据背景下,网络上产生了大量带有游客时空信息的"数字足迹".本文以北京市为例,利用游记数据探究北京市旅游流的时空及网络结构特征.结果表明:(1)2月、7至9月为北京市的客流高峰期;(2)北京市旅游流的空间分布具有明显的等级分异特征且密度分布不均衡,总体呈"小聚集、大分散"的特征;(3)北京市旅游流网络中,平均每个节点...     

静力水准测量在建筑物变形监测中的应用及精度分析

静力水准的原理、静力水准仪的安装和调试,静力水准测量沉降监测数据计算,并结合二等精密水准测量进行了比对。该方法具有外业操作简便,观测效率高,静力水准测量的精度和精密水准测量的精度相当,可以胜任精密水准测量二等的技术要求。     

矿山三维地质模型及数字化仿真

针对传统的地质建模中数据源的复杂性及工程、地质现象差异等困难,该文提出多元、多方法集成和多层次干预的建模思路,采用三维激光扫描技术构建矿山整体三维模型。依托ArcGIS桌面系统、GoCAD、Flac3D等软件模拟滑坡动态、岩层分布等信息。通过空间分析和数值模拟揭示其潜在信息和规律,有效地实现了数据库、三维模型、数值模拟的一致性,为数字矿山开发、建设提供一条新思路。     

基于残差改正的动态非等时距灰色模型及应用

介绍了动态非等时距GM(1,1)模型的建模原理、建模过程以及精度评定方法,阐明了动态非等时距GM(1,1)模型中维度选择、残差改正的问题,结合高层建筑沉降监测实例进行分析,将动态非等时距残差GM(1,1)模型预测结果与实测值进行比较,得出动态非等时距残差GM(1,1)模型在建筑物沉降监测中具有很高预测精度的结论,证明了该方法的可行性与可靠性,适用于高层建筑沉降监测.