Resource Flows of Villages with Contrasting Lifestyles in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Central Himalaya, India

Resource use efficiency analyses of village ecosystem are necessary for effective and efficient planning of resource utilization. This paper deals with economic and energy input-output analyses of different components of village ecosystem in representative buffer zone villages, which are practicing transhumance and settled way of lifestyles in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve （NDBR） of Garhwal Himalaya. While the villages practicing transhumance used various natural resources spatially segregated,the villages practicing settled way of lifestyle have to manage resources from a limited spatial area through rotation and varied extraction intensities. Forests subsidized the production activity in both type of villages and the per capita resource extractions were found to be greater in tran~humance village than settled village. Though crops provided maximum energy, in terms of economic criteria, animal husbandry played important role in both settled and transhumance villages. As villages representing both the situations showed different ways of adjustments to the conservation oriented land use changes, management authority needs to address the eco-development plans fulfilling the aspirations of all people traditionally using the resources of the Reserve to reduce the conflicts and encourage their participation in the conservation of the area.     

分子云物理性质的研究

十余年来年轻的分子天文学带来一系列新发现,推动了银河系结构、星系化学史、恒星物质流失、分子云物理等课题研究的新进展。 本文在简介分子天文学之后,将集中对与恒星形成有关的分子云物理问题进行综述。 内容分为 一、分子天文学的研究对象 二、分子云物理参数的导出 三、分子云的观测 四、涉及恒星形成的分子云理论研究     

热液喷发口附近水域中的稀土元素

太平洋深海底REE组合中极为缺乏轻稀土元素,铈负异常增大.这样的REE组合与浓度一深度剖面,是通过由于有选择的对轻元素的捕捉因而引起变化的深海水的再生作用而保持下来.由于是通过富含Fe和Mg的热水性喷发进行捕捉的,因此关     

在热带人口稠密地区土地利用的遥感和制图(泰国)

本文研究的地区是泰国北部清迈盆地,包括北纬18°至19°,东经98°40′至99°15′范围。     

COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENT METHODS BASED ON A MODEL FOR THE ERROR STRUCTURE

Comparison of methods is a technique often used for investigation of systematic errors of measurementmethods.As concerns the design and analysis of such comparisons,much variety of opinion and practiceexists.In one approach a few specimens are measured several times by different operators in differentlaboratories(reproducibility conditions)and in another approach several specimens are measured on oneor a few occasions by one operator in the same laboratory(repeatability conditions).In this paper amodel for the error structure of measurements is formulated and it is emphasized that one has todistinguish between two types of systematic errors:the first type depends only on the level of themeasured quantity and the second type is specific for the separate specimens.On the basis of this modelthe information which can be obtained from the different designs of method comparisons is discussed.A new approach for the analysis of method comparisons with many specimens is also proposed.     

用同位素数据说明碳氢化合物中H_2S和CO_2的成因

<正> 酸性化合物总是存在于碳氢化合物中,其含量从百分之一到百分之几十。一方面,它们是讨厌的杂质(特别是H_2S),给勘探和野外工作带来很大麻烦;另一方面,它们又可能是难得的原料来源。由于在苏联几个地区——里海凹陷、Amu-Darya陆槽和西西伯利亚地台——发现了含