Remnants of premetamorphic fluid and oxygen isotopic signatures in eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenite from the Dabie-Sulu terranes, eastern China

A combined oxygen‐isotope and fluid‐inclusion study has been carried out on high‐ and ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic (HP/UHPM) eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenite from the Dabie‐Sulu terranes in eastern China. Coesite‐bearing eclogites/garnet clinopyroxenite and quartz eclogites have a wide range in whole‐rock δ¹⁸O_VSMOW, from 0 to 11‰. The high‐T oxygen‐isotope fractionations preserved between quartz and garnet preclude significant retrograde isotope exchange during exhumation, and the wide range in whole‐rock oxygen‐isotope composition is thought to be a presubduction signature of the precursors. Aqueous fluids with variable salinities and gas species (N₂‐, CO₂‐, or CH₄‐rich), are trapped as primary inclusions in garnet, omphacite and epidote, and in quartz blebs enclosed within eclogitic minerals. In high‐δ¹⁸O HP/UHPM rocks from Hujialin and Shima, high‐salinity brine and/or N₂ inclusions occur in garnet porphyroblasts, which also contain inclusions of coesite, Cl‐rich blue amphibole and dolomite. In contrast, in low‐δ¹⁸O eclogites from Qinglongshan and Huangzhen, the Cl concentrations in amphibole are very low, < 0.2 wt.%, and low‐salinity aqueous inclusions occur in quartz inclusions in epidote porphyroblasts and in epidote cores. These low‐salinity fluid inclusions are believed to be remnants of meteoric water, although the fluid composition was modified during pre‐ and syn‐peak HP/UHPM. Eclogites at Houshuichegou and Hetang contain CH₄‐rich fluid inclusions, coexisting with high‐salinity brine inclusions. Methane was probably formed under the influence of CO₂‐rich aqueous fluids during serpentinisation of mantle‐derived peridotites prior to or during plate subduction. Remnants of premetamorphic low‐ to high‐salinity aqueous fluid with minor N₂ and/or other gas species preserved in the Dabie‐Sulu HP/UHPM eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenite indicate a great diversity of initial fluid composition in the precursors, implying very limited fluid–rock interaction during syn‐ and post‐peak HP/UHPM.     

Tectonic Controls on the Formation of the Liwu Cu-rich Sulfide Deposit in the Jianglang Dome, S W China

Abstract. The Liwu Cu‐rich sulfide deposit occurs within the Jianglang dome in the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. The dome consists of a core, a middle slab and a cover sequence. The main deposit is hosted in the core with minor ore bodies in the middle slab. The protolith of the core consists of clastic sedimentary rocks with inter‐layered volcanic rocks. All of the ore bodies are substantially controlled by an extensional detachment fault system. The ore bodies within the core are distributed along the S₂ foliation in the hinge of recumbent fold (D₂), whereas ore bodies with en echelon arrangement are controlled by the mylonitic foliation of the lower detachment fault. Ore bodies within the middle slab are oriented with their axes parallel to the mylonitic foliation. Pyrite and pyrrhotite from the ores contain Co ranging from 37 to 1985 ppm, Ni from 2.5 to 28.1 ppm, and Co/Ni ratios from 5 to 71. These sulfides have δ³⁴S values ranging from 1.5 to 7.5 % whereas quartz separates have δ¹⁸O values of 11.9 and 14.3 % and inclusion fluid in quartz has δD value of‐88.1 %. These features suggest that the deposit was of hydrothermal origin. Two ore‐forming stages are recognized in the evolution of the Jianglang dome. (1) A low‐temperature ore‐forming process, during the tectonic transport of the upper plate above the lower detachment, and the initial phase of the footwall updom‐ing at 192–177 Ma. (2) A medium‐temperature ore‐forming stage, related to the final structural development of the initial detachment at 131–81Ma. Within the core, the ore bodies of the first stage were uplifted to, or near, the brittle/ductile horizon where the ore‐forming metals were re‐concentrated and enriched. A denudation stage in which a compressional tectonic event produced eastward thrusting overprinted the previous structures, and finally denuded the deposit. The Liwu Cu‐rich sulfide deposit was formed during a regional extensional tectonic event and is defined as a tectono‐strata‐bound hydrothermal ore deposit.     

Quaternary folding of the eastern Tian Shan, northwest China

The Tian Shan, east–west trending more than 2000 km, is one of most active intracontinental mountain building belts that resulted from India–Eurasia collision during Cenozoic. In this study, Quaternary folding related to intracontinental mountain building of the Tian Shan orogenic belt is documented based on geologic interpretation and analyses of the satellite remote sensing images [Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) and India Remote Sensing (IRS) Pan] combined with field geologic and geomorphic observations and seismic reflection profiles. Analyses of spatial–temporal features of Quaternary folded structure indicate that the early Quaternary folds are widely distributed in both piedmont and intermontane basins, whereas the late Quaternary active folds are mainly concentrated on the northern range-fronts. Field observations indicate that Quaternary folds are mainly characterized by fault-related folding. The formation and migration of Quaternary folding are likely related to decollement surfaces beneath the fold-and-fault zone as revealed by seismic reflection profiles. Moreover, analysis of growth strata indicates that the Quaternary folding began in late stage of early Pleistocene (2.1–1.2 Ma). Finally, tectonic evolution model of the Quaternary deformation in the Tian Shan is presented. This model shows that the Quaternary folding and faulting gradually migrate toward the range-fronts due to the continuous compression related to India–Eurasia collision during Quaternary time. As a result, the high topographic relief of the Tian Shan was formed.     

单轴压缩条件下冻土的动态损伤和分形演化规律

基于损伤和分形理论, 对单轴压缩条件下冻土的力学性质进行了研究。建立了损伤变量和分形维数随应力变化的数学经验表达式,并作出了其动态演化曲线。通过演化曲线可以看出,分形维数与损伤变量随应力的递增均呈非线性增加,但分维的变化较平缓;损伤变量在初期变化相对平缓,在后期变化速率明显加快。因此,该研究有助于进一步认识冻土的损伤破坏过程和力学性质。     

Flare-plasma diagnostics from millisecond pulsations of the solar radio emission

Two solar radio bursts exhibiting narrow-band millisecond pulsations in intensity and polarization are analyzed. There were considerable time delays between the left-and right-circularly polarized components of the radio emission. The observed oscillations of the degree of polarization are due to the different group velocities of the ordinary and extraordinary modes in their propagation from the source to the observer; the frequency dependence of the delay is in excellent agreement with the theoretically calculated group delay in a magnetoactive plasma. It unambiguously follows that the pulsed radio emission is generated near the double upper hybrid frequency by the nonlinear plasma mechanism, since the source emission has a low degree of polarization. In addition to dispersion effects, a Fourier analysis also reveals effects associated with the source inhomogeneity. We detected a frequency drift of pulsations (autodelays) with different signs for different polarization components. This drift suggests that, apart from the dispersion effects, there are also the effects related to inhomogeneity of the radio source. It is shown, in particular, that the upper hybrid modes (generating the radio emission) are unstable in regions with enhanced gradients of the plasma density and/or magnetic field.     

改进的遗传算法在地下水数值模拟中的应用

地下水流数值模拟中的模型识别问题，可以转化为函数的最优化问题。鉴于遗传算法的特点，将之引入到地下水流数值法中，用以解决地下水数学模型的识别问题。在建立地下水数值模拟中模型识别问题的是优化模型后，采取将最优化模型中的目标函数嵌入到遗传算法适应度函数中的方法，实现遗传算法与地下水流数值法的耦合。基于优化模型和遗传算法的运算过程，编写计算程序，实现地下水数学模型的自动识别。根据在珲春盆地地下水资源评价实例中应用得到的结果，信纸证了改进的遗传算法在地下水数值模拟中应用的可行性与有效性。     

高热硫酸溶解重量法测定矿石中的钡

利用BaSO4在高热H2 SO4中能定量地形成液态Ba(HSO4) 2 ,而当含Ba(HSO4) 2 的浓H2 SO4溶液被稀释时 ,又能重新定量析出BaSO4这一性质 ,拟定出高热H2 SO4溶解重量法测定矿石中的钡。方法用于矿石、重晶石单矿物中BaO和BaSO4的测定 ,结果与碱熔BaSO4重量法、BaCrO4容量法、外检结果相一致 ,精密度试验结果 ,相对标准偏差RSD(n =1 0 ) <5 %。     

冲绳海槽浮岩的高温高压纵波速度

对采自冲绳海槽中部海底的浮岩样品和邻近陆地樱岛火山的安山岩样品进行了温度 (常温 - 15 0 0℃ )与压力 (常压 - 2 .4 GPa)实验 ,测得在较低温度 -压力条件下 (<1GPa,<80 0℃ )浮岩样品的纵波速度小于安山岩样品的纵波速度 ,在较高温度 -压力条件下 (>1GPa,>80 0℃ )二者的纵波速度接近一致 (5 .9km /s)。 1GPa/80 0℃是浮岩样品和安山岩样品的热动力相变点 ,推测该点的深度大于 18km。     

农用地分等定级中标准耕作制度的确定

标准耕作制度的确定是农用地分等定级的基础性工作。该文提出了标准耕作制度的定义 ,探讨了标准耕作制度的确定原则和确定方法 ,并以黄淮海为例作了实例分析