Meiofauna Distribution in Intertidal Sandy Beaches Along China Shoreline(18?–40?N)

In this study,the distribution pattern of meiofauna from nine sandy beaches at six latitudinal gradients along Chinese coast between 18 and 40?N was studied on their meiofauna abundance to examine the effect of latitudinal gradients.In general,meiofauna abundance was lower in four subtropical beaches in Xiamen(24?N) and Zhoushan(29?N) than that in other beaches.Meiofauna abundance differed little between tropical and temperate beaches.The taxonomic structure of meiofauna showed a dominance of nematode in colder area.The relative composition of turbellarians and polychaetes increased in warmer area.In addition to latitudinal gradient,salinity,oxygenation,sediment grain size affect also the meiofauna latitudinal distribution.As for horizontal distribution,the highest meiofauna abundance was found in low tidal zone at tropical beaches,and in middle tidal zone at temperate beaches.The horizontal distribution of meiofauna was controlled by both physical and biotic factors including feeding and anthropogenic activities.Although meiofauna abundance exhibited a horizontal difference,the composition of meiofaunal main taxa was unanimous horizontally at all beaches at the same sampling latitude.     

黄铁矿随时间（t）变化对金吸附的动态实验

在Ａｕ（Ⅲ）－Ｃｌ络合溶液和常温常压条件下，黄铁矿随时间（ｔ）变化对金吸附的动态实验表明：整个吸附过程明显分为两个阶段．前一个阶段是快速达到平衡的吸附过程，随着平衡的建立，金的沉淀速度迅速变小，随后即进入缓慢吸附阶段，溶液中金的浓度按指数函数关系衰减．不同粒度黄铁矿实验结果的横向比较显示，粒度越细，金的沉淀速度越快，沉淀金的总量也越多。     

A Comparative study on the nonspecific immunity of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei ever inhabiting freshwater and seawater

A study on the nonspecific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei ever inhabiting freshwater and seawater was carried out at different molt stages by comparing their total hemocyte count(THC) and respiratory burst(RB) and activity of phenol oxidase(PO), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and lysozyme(LY). Two-way ANOVA showed that salinity and molt stage independently affected THC and RB and the activity of PO, NOS and LY of juvenile L. vannamei significantly(P 0.05). The THC and RB and the activity of NOS gradually increased from the post-molt stages(A and B) to the pre-molt stages(D0–D3), which were common in shrimps inhabiting freshwater and seawater. The activity of PO peaked at the inter-molt stage(C), and touched the lowest at the post-molt stage in freshwater and pre-molt stage in seawater. The activity of LY was stable over the molt cycle. The RB and the activity of PO, NOS and LY of juvenile L. vannamei were significantly lower in freshwater than in seawater; whereas THC was significantly higher in freshwater than in seawater(P 0.05). It was concluded that the post-molt stage(especially stage A) was critical to shrimp culture, which should be intensively attended when L. vannamei was cultured in freshwater.     

Recovery of topsoil physicochemical properties in revegetated sites in the sand-burial ecosystems of the Tengger Desert, northern China

Recovery in soil properties and processes after sand burial in the Tengger Desert, northern China, was documented at five different-aged revegetated sites (1956, 1964, 1973, 1982, and 1991) and at a reference site with native vegetation, which had never been damaged by sand burial and was enclosed for grazing. The proportions of silt and clay, depth of topsoil and biological soil crusts, and concentrations of soil organic C, K, total N and total P increased with years since revegetation. Most characteristics of topsoil (0–5 cm) characteristics had recovered to 60% of those measured at the reference site by 50 years after sand-binding vegetation had been established. Exceptions were electrical conductivity and contents of sand, silt, CaCO₃ and organic C, which recovered to 20–40% of the values at the reference site. The difference in annual recovery rates of soil properties between the two most recently revegetated sites (0–14 years) was greater than the difference between the two oldest revegetated sites (43–50 years). Best-fit asymptote models showed that the estimated times for the soil properties in the 50-year-old site to reach the same levels as in the reference site (i.e. an undisturbed, native steppified desert ecosystem) would be between 23 and 245 years, but for some properties even maximum recovery after > 50 years still fell significantly short of the level at the reference site. These results suggest that soil recovery is a slow process in an extremely arid desert environment, and therefore the conservation of soil habitat is a crucial issue for land managers.     

街道尺度下的零售商业中心热点识别与业态差异——以武汉市为例

城市零售商业的空间分布是现代城市发展的重要研究领域,科学分析城市零售商业的集聚特征,有利于优化城市用地布局及合理配置城市商业资源。基于POI数据,以武汉市街道为研究尺度,通过核密度估计、空间自相关分析以及Ripley’s K函数来识别武汉市零售商业中心热点和分析各业态之间的差异。结果表明:(1)武汉市零售商业在空间分布上表现为“大集聚、小分散”的特征,集聚趋势和扩张态势并存,在中心城区集聚特征明显,并形成多个次级集聚中心。(2)全局空间自相关分析结果显示Moran’s I为0.385,说明武汉市零售商业分布存在正的空间相关性,局部空间自相关分析表明高-高集聚区的街道集聚特征明显,但其辐射带动作用较弱,极化现象明显。(3)零售商业分布的“中心-外围”结构明显,零售商业集中区主要分布在以江汉路商圈为核心的10 km圈层范围内,由中心城区向远城区递减。(4)不同距离下各业态空间集聚存在差异,商场、超市进行区位选择的范围较小,便利店、家居建材市场、专卖店的距离范围较大。     

1990-2010年中国耕地变化对粮食生产潜力的影响

1990年以来,在国家生态环境保护工程实施、经济快速增长等因素的影响下,中国耕地数量与空间格局发生了巨大变化,对粮食生产潜力造成了巨大影响。本文采用GAEZ模型,结合中国气象、地形、土壤等因素,定量分析了中国耕地粮食生产潜力空间特征以及1990-2010年中国耕地变化对粮食生产潜力的影响。主要结论如下：① 2010年全国耕地粮食生产潜力总量为10.55亿t,全国耕地平均粮食生产潜力为7614 kg/hm²。中国耕地粮食生产潜力存在显著的空间差异,总体表现为东部高而西北部较低的趋势,并且高值区主要分布在长江中下游地区和华南区。② 1990-2010年的20年间,中国耕地粮食生产潜力变化表现出明显的时空差异,总体呈现南减北增、总量减少的基本特征。新增耕地粮食生产潜力的重心逐步由东北向西北转移。耕地粮食生产潜力总量净减少297万t,占2010年全国实际粮食总产量的0.29%。③ 在1990-2000年与2000-2010年两个时期,耕地变化对耕地粮食生产潜力影响差异明显。前10年,耕地粮食生产潜力总量净增加1011万t,主要集中在东北平原区和北方干旱半干旱区;后10年,耕地粮食生产潜力总量净减少1308万t,主要集中在长江中下游地区和黄淮海平原区。从总体看,近20年来耕地粮食生产潜力总量增加主要是由林、草地和未利用土地开垦所导致,而耕地粮食生产潜力总量减少主要是由城市扩展和退耕还林还草所导致。     

2012年夏季北极浮冰生物群落结构及垂直分布特征研究

海冰生物群落是北极生态系统的重要组成部分,在北冰洋初级生产和碳循环中扮演着重要角色。本文利用荧光显微分析技术对2012年度夏季采集于北冰洋中心区的浮冰生物群落进行了分析,结果显示：柱总生物量平均为105.85±53.41 mgC •m^-2,其中细菌占生物量的47.2%,而后依次是硅藻（26.7%）,鞭毛虫（18.2%）,鞭毛藻（6.9%）和纤毛虫（1.0%）。最高纬站位（123°43.454′E 87°39.598′N）出现冰底鞭毛藻藻华现象,生物量可达329.6 μg C•L^-1,该站位生物群落处于硅藻藻华后期,海冰上层存在较大程度的融冰作用,底部冰芯营养盐N/P比较高,可能形成有利于鞭毛藻生长的小生境。与已有研究结果的对比表明,近年来夏季北极海冰的快速融化对浮冰生物群落结构产生了明显影响,异养类群生物量升高,细菌取代硅藻成为优势类群。     

神狐-一统暗沙隆起中部新生代地层层序划分及沉积演化

利用中德合作"南海地球科学联合研究"SO-49航次所采集的地震测线,对南海北部陆缘神狐-一统暗沙隆起中部的新生代地层层序进行了划分,并与北部的珠江口盆地的层序进行了对比.共识别出SB₁、SB₂、SB₃、SB₄和Tg₅个主要反射界面,对比表明:Tg 反射面为新生界基底反射,SB₁、SB₂、SB₃、SB₄相当于珠江口盆地的二级层序界面,层序界面年龄分别为:10.5 Ma 、21.0 Ma 、25.0 Ma 、39.4 Ma.在此基础上,对隆起区新生代沉积环境及其演化进行了分析,认为隆起区新生代沉积经历了断陷湖泊-滨浅海-深海相的演变过程,隆起区主要隆升时期为晚渐新世-早中新世.并就珠江口盆地早第三纪海侵方向和隆起的成因进行了初步探讨。     

托木尔峰自然保护区旅游资源及开发构想

该区是新疆最重要的自然景观旅游区之一,区内以著名的山峰、气势磅薄的冰川、优美的风景河段,幽密的原始森林、珍鸹的野生动物,奇特的象形山石为特征。凭借资源的独特性和高品位,合理规划,贯彻旅游业持续发展原则,积极发展生态旅游,加强宣传与促销,可以使其成为全国著名的旅游区,并可与库库县以人文景观为主的旅游我互为依托,相互辉映,共创阿克苏地区旅游业的美好前景。     

应用人工神经网络模型研究福建省山仔水库叶绿素a动态

本文应用山仔水库2003-2006年叶绿素a浓度、总磷浓度、总氮浓度、水温、溶解氧浓度、高锰酸盐指数、pH值7个参数监测数据对人工神经网络模型进行训练,在此基础上应用1997-2002年除叶绿素a浓度外其他6个参数监测数据,推算出1997-2002年间缺失的叶绿素a浓度,并对1997-2006年春末夏初的叶绿素a浓度动态进行分析,结果表明:山仔水库1997年建库初期,叶绿素a浓度处于较高水平,2000年以后叶绿素a浓度开始降低,近几年基本保持稳定.2003-2006年叶绿素a浓度呈季节周期性变化,春末经夏季到初秋,叶绿素a浓度持续升高,冬季下降明显,春季又开始回升;说明近几年山仔水库水体春末夏季秋初处于富营养化水平,秋末冬季处于中营养水平.本研究结果将为山仔水库的富营养化防治提供科学依据.