Spheroidal weathering of granite porphyry with well‐developed columnar joints by oxidation,iron precipitation,and rindlet exfoliation

Spheroidal weathering, one of the important rock weathering styles, has been attributed to chemical weathering by the water from joint surfaces, and mechanical aspects of the weathering have not been well addressed. We made an investigation on spheroidal weathering of Miocene granite porphyry with well‐developed columnar joints and found that this spheroidal weathering proceeds through chemical processes and accompanying mechanical processes. The investigation of the textures, physical properties, mineralogy, and chemistry of the porphyry revealed the presence of a brown band on the surface margins of corestones, representing the oxidation of pyrite and chlorite, and the precipitation of iron hydroxides, and the consequent generation of micro‐cracks within the band. During weathering, oxidation progresses inwards from joints that surround the rindlets, including both high‐angle columnar and low‐angle planar joints, and causes rounding of the unweathered interior portion of the rock. Microscopic observations of the brown band embedded with fluorescent resin show that pores are first filled with iron hydroxides, and that micro‐cracks then form parallel to the oxidation front in the outer portion of the brown band. Iron hydroxide precipitation increases the P‐wave velocity in the brown band, while micro‐crack formation decreases the tensile strength of the rock. Where the brown band has thickened to ~6 cm, the micro‐cracks are connected to one another to create continuous cracks, which separate the rindlets from the corestone. Micro‐crack formation parallel to the corestone surface may be attributed to compressive stresses generated by small amounts of volumetric expansion due to the precipitation of iron hydroxides in the brown band. Earth surface is under oxidizing environments so that precipitation of iron hydroxides commonly occurs; the spheroidal weathering in this paper is a typical example of the combination of chemical and mechanical processes under such environments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于北斗卫星的预警信息发布技术研究及实现

利用北斗卫星短报文通信功能,以广播方式发布预警信息,可提高预警信息的覆盖范围和时效性, 填补我国海洋及陆地边远地区预警信息发布空白。但北斗卫星预警信息发布存在传输速率低、冗余信息量大、长预警信息发布成功率低的问题。该文对北斗卫星预警信息发布系统的系统结构、协议体系和关键问题开展研究,通过指挥机并联、预警信息编码、影响区域识别、联合补包等方法,解决了北斗卫星预警信息发布系统建设的关键问题。在此基础上,该文设计了预警信息网络发布协议、预警信息北斗发布协议和预警信息北斗传输协议,并开发了原型系统。     

多元遥感技术在重庆市露天矿恢复治理动态监测中的应用

为在露天矿山恢复治理过程监督管理中提供技术支撑,通过文献阅读,结合重庆实际,提出了基于多源遥感技术的露天矿山恢复治理综合监测方法,主要包括：利用高分辨率遥感影像结合矿山遥感样本特征以及其他专题数据,识别矿山损毁土地范围;利用中分辨率遥感影像（Landsat数据、高分数据）对植被光谱的响应特征,构建植被指数进行矿山恢复治理植被动态监测;利用星载雷达数据（哨兵数据）通过干涉分析,对矿山范围内地表形变动态监测。此外,还可结合无人机采集数据,开展矿山恢复治理倾斜摄影数据查看和分析。     

The Derivation and Validation of TBM Disc Cutter Wear Prediction Model

The problem of disc cutter wear is inevitable when shield or TBM excavating hard rock for a long distance, thus, the study of disc cutter wear model has an important project value on predicting its service life and replacement opportunity. It is put forward by analyzing disc cutter wear mechanism that the main wear form is abrasive wear, which is based on plastic removal mechanism. Then, disc cutter wear rate and linear wear rate prediction models are obtained by approximate calculation and mathematical deduction, which are based on Rabinowicz equation and CSM model. At last, the two models are verified through field test data from three projects, and the results show that the prediction model can accurately reflect the real wear situation of disc cutter.     

锆石中磷的分带趋势、成因及地质意义

本文用电子探针对岩浆和变质重结晶锆石进行了成份分带的研究，结果表明，变质重结晶锆石具有从晶体中心至边缘Ｐ２Ｏ５含量增大的特点，可作为它们的成因标型特征，岩浆锆石则Ｐ２Ｏ５含量变化不稳定，本文论述了它们的成因。     

Post-Aswan dam sedimentation rate of lagoons of the Nile Delta,Egypt

This study uses radiometric analysis (²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs) of short sediment cores with high-resolution sampling (1-cm interval) to trace sedimentation rates in the Nile Delta lagoons, particularly since completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1964. A declining trend in ²¹⁰Pb_ex as calculated by the CIC model is clearly identified in about 10 cm of the upper-core sediments from the lagoons of Manzala and Edku, accompanied by two spikes of ¹³⁷Cs in cores from the lagoons of Burullus and Edku. These findings illustrate average post-dam sedimentation rates ranging from 0.22 to 0.27 cm a⁻¹ in the lagoons, in contrast with those found previously based on low-resolution sampling. The lower sedimentation rates in the lagoons are a consequence of a dramatic reduction in riverine sediment load to the coastal area as a result of the damming. Although widespread erosion occurs along the open estuarine coast, the lagoon setting remains calmer than before due to coastal diking and freshwater regulation in the delta plain in the past decades. This provides the possibility of continuously preserved radiometric records in the less-bioturbated lagoon sediments. Dating individual layers using the CRS model has revealed increasing sedimentation rates in Manzala and Burullus since the 1980s, which can largely be explained as a consequence of the reduction in lagoon area due to intensifying reclamation. The post-dam sedimentation in the shrinking lagoons may have some adverse ecological consequences due to finer sediment’s affinity with pollutants. These findings would shed light on the environmental conservation and socioeconomic development in the Nile Delta region.     

定点潮汐形变观测与GPS大地测量

论述了我国定点潮汐形变观测与GPS在观测周期，物理量，频域，实测精度，监测优势者方面的异同，认为定点潮汐形变观测是测震学与大地测量（含GPS）的必要补充，介绍了我国定点潮汐形变观测技术的发展与台网观测技术，以及它在我国10多次中强震测报中的应用。     

Heavy-Rain expert-system realized by logical language prolog

This article, on the basis of the expert’s analyses and theories of the forecast of heavy-rain, summarizes a variety of the current instruments and methods of forecast and, according to the train of thought of the high-rank forecasters, distills their experiences in forecasting heavy-rain into an inference-tree of 106 junctures from which 101 rule-bases are derived. The logical calculation is automatically carried out with our introduced and developed PROLOG, one of the intelligent languagas by means of micro-computer. This process adopts the uncertain inferential method based on the theory of fuzzy sets, breaks through the limits of two-value logic and is characteristic of the thinking of human brain.     

Dynamic Response and Mechanical Behaviours of Geogrid for High Earth-rockfill Dams

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Due to the complexity of the interaction between the geogrid and the soil interface in high earth-rock dams, the method of replacing the grid with steel...