冲绳海槽地区地壳结构与岩石层性质研究

用冲绳海槽地区地质、地球物理、地球化学数据与资料，对横跨大陆边缘—大洋板块的中国东部—冲绳海槽—琉球岛弧地区进行综合研究. 根据地震体波、面波成像结果，空间与布格重力异常及磁力异常的综合解释等结果，利用调和系数法对该研究区的地壳厚度进行了计算，并对地壳属性进行分析. 同时，选择中国东部东北地区的宽甸、华北地区的汉诺坝、华南的闵溪和台湾海峡的澎湖列岛与冲绳海槽和日本岛弧的新生代玄武岩开展元素—同位素对比研究. 结果认为冲绳海槽岩石层明显减薄，上地幔低速层已达到莫霍面，在地幔中已形成交代软流层. 元素—同位素研究表明：它不同于中国东部，与琉球岛弧地区的特点也不相同. 综合分析认为：冲绳海槽地壳属于过渡型地壳，与大洋地壳的许多特点颇为相似.     

Inter-Comparison of 10-year Precipitation Simulated by Several RCMs for Asia

In phase Ⅱ of the Regional Climate Model Inter-comparison Project (RMIP) for Asia, the regional climate has been simulated for July 1988 through December 1998 by five regional climate models and one global variable resolution model. Comparison of the 10-year simulated precipitation with the observations was carried out. The results show that most models have the capacity to reproduce the basic spatial pattern of precipitation for Asia, and the main rainbelt can be reproduced by most models, but there are distinctions in the location and the intensity. Most models overestimate the precipitation over most continental regions. Interannual variability of the precipitation can also be basically simulated, while differences exist between various models and the observations. The biases in the stream field are important reasons behind the simulation errors of the Regional Climate Models (RCMs). The cumulus scheme and land surface process have large influences on the precipitation simulation. Generally, the Grell cumulus scheme produces more precipitation than the Kuo scheme.     

MSCT对不同体重注射不同对比剂量在主动脉CTA中的探讨

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT对不同体重注射不同对比剂量在主动脉血管成像中的应用效果.方法:60例临床可疑主动脉病变患者,知情同意后根据不同体重分为A、B、C三组,每组20例.A组:体重在75kg以上注射75mL对比剂+25mL生理盐水;B组:体重在60～75kg之间注射60mL对比剂+40 mL生理盐水;C组:体重在60k...     

成都粘土地球化学特征及其对物源和风化强度的指示

提要：成都平原晚更新世成都粘土地球化学分析表明,不同剖面样品的化学组成具有较好的一致性,以SiO2（平均75.24%）、Al2O3（平均14.12%）、Fe2O3（平均5.81%）为主,地球化学特征与UCC基本相似。与北方黄土相比,成都粘土具有较高的TiO2/Al2O3、Zr/Al、Zr/Ti和Y/Al以及较低的Eu/Eu?鄢、LaN/SmN和LaN/YbN比值,这些特征与成都平原第四系深层土壤样品组成一致,表明成都粘土来源于当地,与北方黄土物源不同。成都粘土CIA平均值为78.59,高于北方黄土平均值（69.34）,经历了中期的K迁移阶段,在风化过程中Ca、Na、Mg和K是主要的活动性元素。与北方黄土相比,成都粘土Na、Mg、K和Ca亏损较大,表明经历了更强的化学风化。     

斯里兰卡近岸风暴潮模拟中风暴潮-潮汐相互作用特征分析:一个个例研究

利用三维普林斯顿海洋模型（POM）以及逐时水位观测数据,研究印度洋北部斯里兰卡北部海岸风暴潮-潮汐相互作用特征.选择了2008年的"Nisha"台风作为台风风暴潮个例进行研究,并进行了3个数值敏感性试验.经验证,该风暴潮模型可以很好地再现该台风期间研究区域内的潮汐和总海水水位.试验结果表明,沿斯里兰卡西北海岸的风暴潮-潮汐相互作用显著,其强度与台风的强度和轨迹相关.当TC在42 h达到较大强度时,可以得到风暴潮-潮汐相互作用导致的最大增水值TSI （0.6 m）和从印度洋外海向斯里兰卡西北部浅滩流入的最大相互作用流场.在TC强度较弱的第30小时,得到最大负TSI （-0.6 m）和向南流出西北部浅水区域的较弱的相互作用流场.在整个台风期间,强TSI都发生在斯里兰卡西北部海滩到对岸的印度洋近岸区域.     

四川地区一维地壳速度模型研究

本文以四川地震台网2009~2014年的编目报告为基础,选择定位精度为1且记录台站数大于30的地震,筛选去除其中因定位深度误差或者空隙角偏大而造成的异常结果,验证了数据的合理性和稳定性;优选出47个地震,对其重新判读,结合折合走时调整以及Hyposat批处理方法,得到了适应四川地区地震的平均速度模型;并利用人工爆破事件、PTD方法的地震定位结果进行对比,分析使用不同模型时的结果差异。     

东亚地区矿物尘气溶胶直接辐射强迫的初步模拟研究

为研究东亚地区矿物尘气溶胶的直接辐射效应,在区域气候模式RegCM3中加入起尘方案、建立矿物尘气溶胶输送模式,并将其辐射过程加入区域气候模式的辐射方案.通过对2001年3月～2002年3月的模拟发现：中国西北和蒙古国年平均地表起尘率在1μg/(m2·s)以上,最大达到90μg/(m2·s)是东亚地区最主要的矿物尘气溶胶源地;东亚地区矿物尘气溶胶柱含量最大值达5g/m2,出现在塔克拉玛干沙漠和秦岭地区;气溶胶大气顶直接辐射强迫基本呈现大陆上为正、海洋上正负均有的分布特征,区域平均辐射强迫在春夏秋冬分别为1.08, 0.88, 0.37,0.40W/m2,短波辐射强迫在陆上为正、海上正负均有,长波辐射强迫均为正值;四季的地表辐射强迫分别为-5.64, -2.25, -1.37, -1.87W/m2;辐射强迫数值对矿物尘气溶胶单次散射反照率的变化较敏感.     

基于激光雷达手段的海南地区重力波与其波谱的季节分布特性研究

利用子午工程海南激光雷达对我国海南地区上空进行持续观测,通过3年的累积观测数据对我国低纬度地区重力波活动的季节分布特性进行研究,依据重力波线性理论对海南地区上空的大气密度扰动规律、空间功率谱及时间频率谱进行分析,并通过选择波长在1 km至8 km范围内具有特定波长以及具有波动周期为60 min至25 min的特定频率的重力波辅助研究大气密度扰动的季节变化规律,总结得出海南地区重力波活动具有夏季大、春秋季小、而冬季依然频繁的季节性分布规律.结合海南地区特殊的地理位置与当地季节性气候特征分析得出海南地区上空重力波活动季节性变化的可能原因为青藏高原地形及我国南海地区存在的热带强对流与赤道潜流共同作用的结果.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF TECTONIC STRESS FIELD OF THE XIAOWAN RESERVOIR BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPOUNDMENT

Using the seismic waveform data of Xiaowan seismic network and Yunnan seismic network, we determined the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015 by generalized polarity and amplitude technique. We inverted tectonic stress field of the Xiaowan reservoir before impounding, using the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and CAP solutions of 58 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 4.0)collected and the solutions in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor(GCMT)catalog; We inverted local stress field of the reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area, using 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015. Focal mechanisms statistics show that, the Weixi-Qiaohou Fault is the seismic fault. Focal mechanisms were strike-slip type in initial stage, but normal fault type in later stage. Focal depths statistics of 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)show that, the average value of focal depths in period Ⅰ, period Ⅱ and period Ⅲ are 8.2km, 7.3km and 7.8km respectively and the standard deviations are 4.3km, 3.5km and 6.0km respectively. The average value of focal depths is basically stable in different period, only the standard deviation is slightly different. Therefore, there is not positive connection between focal depth and deviation of focal mechanisms. What's more, there are 2 earthquakes(number 46 and number 47 in Fig.5 and Table 3)with almost the same magnitude, epicenter and focal depth, but they have different faulting types as normal and strike-slip. The focal mechanism of event No.46 is strike:302°, dip:40° and rake:-97° for plane Ⅰ, however, the focal mechanism of event No.47 is strike:292°, dip:82° and rake:140° for plane Ⅰ. Likewise, earthquake of number 3 and number 18 have similar characteristic. Therefore, the obvious focal mechanism difference of similar earthquake pair indicates the complexity of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault. Considering the quiet-active character of reservoir-triggered earthquakes, we discussed the change of local stress field in different period. The σ₁ of tectonic stress field was in the near-south direction, with a dip angle of 14° before the impoundment, however, the direction of σ₁ of local stress field changed continuously, with the dip angle getting larger after the impoundment. The direction of σ₁ of local stress field of reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area is close to the strike of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault, and reservoir impoundment increased the shear stress in the fault, so the weakening of fault was beneficial to trigger earthquakes. Comprehensive analysis suggests that fluid permeation and pore pressure diffusion caused by the water impounding, and the weakening of fault caused by local stress field are the key factors to trigger earthquake in the Xiaowan reservoir.     

不同堆载形式对群桩负摩阻力的影响

在既有桥墩桩基础周围土体堆载时,会引起土体的沉降和侧向变形,进而在桩身产生负摩阻力,对桩基变形及承载性能有很大影响。为研究围载和单侧边载作用下群桩中不同位置桩基的受力差异,以3×3群桩基础为研究对象,进行围载和单侧边载作用下的模型试验,分析了不同位置桩基轴力、侧摩阻力、中性点位置和基桩承载力安全系数等的变化规律及差异。研究结果表明：围载工况下,角桩的轴力、侧摩阻力最大,边桩次之,中心桩最小;中性点位置角桩最深,边桩略高,中心桩距桩顶最近。边载工况下,靠近边载侧和中间一排桩基轴力、侧摩阻力与围载时的变化规律类似,远离边载侧的一排桩基受边载影响较小,无负摩阻力;各桩基中性点位置变化规律类似于围载工况。与围载工况相比,边载时同一位置桩身轴力、负摩阻力均较小,中性点位置较高。与单侧边载工况相比,围载时各基桩承载力安全系数FS均较小且随荷载的增大衰减梯度较大。该研究成果为不同堆载形式下群桩基础的设计提供参考。