Freshening of the Intermediate Waters in the Northern South China Sea over the PastSix Decades

The properties of salinity in the South China Sea (SCS), a significant marginal sea connecting the Pacific andIndian Oceans, are greatly influenced by the transport of fresh water flux between the two oceans. However, the long-termchanges in the intermediate water in the SCS have not been thoroughly studied due to limited data, particularly in relationto its thermodynamic variations. This study utilized reanalysis data products to identify a 60-year trend of freshening in theintermediate waters of the northern South China Sea (NSCS), accompanied by an expansion of low-salinity water. Thestudy also constructed salinity budget terms, including advection and entrainment processes, and conducted an analysis ofthe salinity budget to understand the impacts of external and internal dynamic processes on the freshening trend of theintermediate water in the NSCS. The analysis revealed that the freshening in the northwest Pacific Ocean and theintensification of intrusion through the Luzon Strait at intermediate levels are the primary drivers of the salinity changes inthe NSCS. Additionally, a weakened trend in the intensity of vertical entrainment also contributes to the freshening in theNSCS. This study offers new insights into the understanding of regional deep sea changes in response to variations in boththermodynamics and oceanic dynamic processes.     

沈阳地区沙尘天气分析

本文总结了沈阳地区沙尘天气的时空分布特点，从天气条件、地表自然条件(沙源)两方面分析了沈阳地区沙尘天气的成因，总结了沈阳地区预报沙尘天气时应参考的5个因素。     

2003年淮河流域大水期间体积降水量的研究

针对 2 0 0 3年梅雨期淮河流域大水提出了体积降水量的概念及其计算方法 ,在计算出淮河流域和其各子流域逐日和总体积降水量的基础上 ,将体积降水量与水文站的水位和流量进行了对比分析。结果表明 :水位对累计体积降水量有较好的即时响应 ,流量对体积降水量有较好的延迟响应。另外 ,讨论了流域体积降水量的预报问题 ,用国内外数值天气预报产品和中央气象台指导预报产品 ,进行了流域体积降水量预报试验 ,并对预报结果进行了检验分析。结果表明 :在目前天气预报水平条件下 ,利用数值天气预报和中央气象台业务预报产品制作体积降水量是可行的 ,能够延长洪水预报的预见期 ;而且 ,数值天气预报产品在预报体积降水量方面有明显的优势 ,因此可以直接利用数值天气预报产品进行体积降水量的客观预报 ,为防汛工作提供重要的依据。     

青铜文物腐蚀过程中的次生矿物

产于不同环境不同地方的青铜文物经矿相显微镜观察、电子探针成分分析和X射线衍射研究表明，在青铜文物腐蚀层中观察到次生矿物——赤铜矿、孔雀石、蓝铜矿、白铅矿和锡石。由上述矿物组成的腐蚀层在青铜器表面形成保护层。腐蚀层细分为红色赤铜矿层、绿色碳酸盐矿物层和黄色锡石层组成，其厚度小于1mm。青铜合金在潮湿条件下的腐蚀比在干旱条件下要严重，另外青铜合金是适用于作高放废物地质处置系统中的废物罐的候选材质。     

Effect of the Initial Vortex Structure on Intensity Change During Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Tropical Cyclones: A Numerical Study

This study investigates the effect of the initial tropical cyclone (TC) vortex structure on the intensity change during the eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) of TCs based on two idealized simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results show that an initially smaller TC with weaker outer winds experienced a much more drastic intensity change during the ERC than an initially larger TC with stronger outer winds. It is found that an initially larger TC vortex with stronger outer winds favored the development of more active spiral rainbands outside the outer eyewall, which slowed down the contraction and intensification of the outer eyewall and thus prolonged the duration of the concentric eyewall and slow intensity evolution. In contrast, the initially smaller TC with weaker outer winds corresponded to higher inertial stability in the inner core and weaker inertial stability but stronger filamentation outside the outer eyewall. These led to stronger boundary layer inflow, stronger updraft and convection in the outer eyewall, and suppressed convective activity outside the outer eyewall. These resulted in the rapid weakening during the formation of the outer eyewall, followed by a rapid re-intensification of the TC during the ERC. Our study demonstrates that accurate in- itialization of the TC structure in numerical models is crucial for predicting changes in TC intensity during the ERC. Additionally, monitoring the activity of spiral rainbands outside the outer eyewall can help to improve short-term intensity forecasts for TCs experiencing ERCs.     

1996-2022年黄河三角洲行水河口岸线稳定性研究

黄河清八汊现行河口自改汊以来发生了巨大变化,监测其岸线变化,探讨其稳定程度对海岸带可持续发展以及海岸带韧性评估具有重要意义。本研究利用GPS、GIS、RS技术从1996—2022年黄河三角洲行水河口的220幅遥感影像中推断出年平均海岸线位置,同时根据行水河口摆动次数划分为5个阶段,并以此为基础对海岸线变迁及其稳定性进行定量分析。结果表明：行水河口岸线长期处于动态变化过程中,整体呈淤进状态,各岸段岸线时空变化特征不同,最大侵蚀（-73.89m/a）区出现在两丁坝之间,最大淤积（393.20m/a）区出现在河口区附近。研究区90%的岸线表现为较强淤积至严重淤积,稳定性指数由两丁坝之间（0.135）、2007年出汊前旧河口（0.068）、2007年出汊后新生河口（0.006）依次降低。入海水沙量、河口位置变迁以及沿岸输沙是影响岸线稳定性出现时空差异的主要原因。     

东秦岭上宫金矿流体成矿作用:矿物学研究

通过对上宫金矿矿物学资料的研究，确定其成矿过程具有3阶段演化特征。早阶段以粗粒乳白色石英脉为标志，矿物破碎、变形明显，金和杂质成分含量低，形成于挤压构造背景下静岩压力的变质流体。中阶段发育细粒多金属硫化物-碲化物-自然元素组合，呈微细网脉浸染于共轭节理或裂隙，没有遭受变形，金和杂质成分含量高，自然金与其他矿物属共沉淀关系，由变质流体沸腾导致，而流体沸腾则由造山过程的地壳快速隆升剥蚀引起。晚阶段发育具梳状构造的石英-碳酸盐网脉，含金性较低，由静水压力的大气降水热液在伸展构造背景下贯入张性裂隙形成。矿床地质地球化学特征与造山型金矿一致，成矿过程同步于陆陆碰撞造山作用，属于典型的断控脉状造山型金矿，成因适合于CMF模式。     

江西九瑞地区钻天山-郎君山地区找矿与成矿预测

本文通过对江西九瑞地区钻天山-郎君山一带的地层、岩体、断裂及矿化蚀变等地质特征进行分析,认为该区成矿地质条件优越,找矿前景良好.奥陶系灰岩与志留系碎屑岩间的岩性差异面是重点关注的找矿方向,结合物化探证据,认为钻天山-郎君山地区应优先进行勘查.     

西部测图移动应急安全自救保障系统研究

移动应急安全自救保障系统是整个"西部测图工程"安全保障体系建设中的最重要组成部分。本文从"西部测图"移动应急安全自救保障建设实际需求出发,结合当前PDA硬件资源的特点,在分析测区作业特点的基础上探讨了系统建设的整体架构以及系统建设的需求特征,并详细阐述了系统的数据组织结构模型,最后给出了系统的相关功能实现和应用。     

反演地表质量变化的附有方差约束的径向点质量方法

针对目前径向点质量方法在反演GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)时变地球重力场信号时条带噪声和泄漏误差较大的问题,本文提出了一种附有方差约束的径向点质量方法(Variance Constrained Radial Point-Mass Method,VCPM).该方法利用质量块的先验方差信息设计正则化矩阵对质量变化反演进行空间约束,同时为了解决单一的正则化参数不能适应全球质量变化大小不均匀的问题,构建了迭代的正则化处理策略.为了检验VCPM方法的可靠性,本文反演了2003-01-2014-11全球地表质量变化,并与GRACE球谐位系数法、GLDAS2.1水文模型、CSR (University of Texas Center for Space Research,德克萨斯大学空间研究中心)与JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory,喷气推进实验室) RL06 Mascon数据在全球的均方根误差、长期趋势、周年振幅以及局部的冰冻圈、陆地流域质量变化进行了对比分析.结果显示VCPM与CSR Mascon在全球、陆地和海洋区域的RMSE按面积加权平均值分别为2.12 cm、4.16 cm和1.25 cm,在全球和陆地区域均低于CSR Mascon与JPL Mascon的相应RMSE (2.22 cm和4.62 cm),在海洋区域仅略大于CSR Mascon与JPL Mascon的RMSE (1.18 cm);在8个陆地流域和内陆海域的时间序列对比中,VCPM与两种Mascon数据在扣除季节项和趋势项后的相关系数在绝大多数区域仍能达到0.86以上;另外相对于传统点质量方法和球谐位系数法,VCPM能有效抑制南极和格陵兰岛等区域的泄漏误差.这表明本文所提出的VCPM方法可以有效去除条带误差、抑制海陆信号泄漏且大幅提高反演结果的精度和空间分辨率,从而为计算高精度高分辨率地表质量变化提供了一种可供选择的有效途径.