中型海洋围隔生态系中汞通量、形态和收支的研究

在海洋围隔生态系实验中加入迄今最低浓度的无机汞,以研究汞的迁移通量、形态分布和收支。加汞后,汞从水柱中被排除的行为可用一级反应动力学描述。在该生态系内汞被排除的半寿期,与初级生产力和浮游植物特性如个体大小、浮游能力等有关。对照围隔生态系内,0.01μg Hg/cm~2·a的汞垂直通量与海湾现场测量值一致。在自然条件下,溶解汞是水中的主要形态,占73％。加汞后,颗粒汞迅速上升,可达70％以上。浮游植物对汞的富集因子为10~5级。汞在沉积物、器壁和水体中的回收只占52.3％。     

渤海鲈鱼食物组成与摄食习性的研究

对渤海３５３尾鲈鱼的胃含物样品进行了分析，得出如下结论：（１）鲈鱼为游泳动物食性的鱼类，游泳动物占其胃含物总重量的６３．５８％；（２）主要摄食鱼类，甲壳类，其饵料种类主要包括口虾蛄，Ｔｉ鱼，凤鲚，黄鲫等；（３）食物组成与摄食习性呈现明显的月变化；（４）幼鲈主要摄食小型鱼类，甲壳类及其幼体，在相应月份里，与成鲈的食物组成相似程度很小。     

ON THE REGIONAL DIVISION OF THE MARINE ALGAL FLORA OF THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC

Although in the discussions of the geographic distribution of the marine algae in the western part of the North Pacific, the marine algal flora of this vast area has been variously divided by phycologist, there is, as yet, not a single satisfactory system for its regional division since in some cases the proposed floristic regions are too large and inclusive resulting in their heterogenous nature and in other cases, they are too minute or classified according to their political nature. In the present paper, an attempt is made to propose a system of objectively dividing this vast area into a number of major fioristic regions, based on the following two principles;     

Seasonal variation of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd concentrations in the root-sediment system of Spartina maritima and Halimione portulacoides from Tagus estuary salt marshes

Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd have been determined in leaves, stems and roots of Spartina maritima and Halimione portulacoides from the Tagus estuary salt mash (Corroios) and in the sediments between their roots. Biological materials and sediments were sampled every 2 months, between July 1991 and July 1992. Root biomass increased from July to September and from January to March. The greatest metal concentrations occurred in the roots, with lowest levels in January and increasing levels during the growth periods. Zn, Pb and Cu in sediments exhibited a corresponding change in concentrations, reaching maximum in January and subsequently decreasing in spring. The ratios between metal concentrations in the root and in sediments were higher for H. portulacoides when compared to S. maritima, whose roots are surrounded by a more acidic and reduced sediment environment. It was concluded, therefore, that H. portulacoides is a more effective accumulator of metals than S. maritima, and both root-sediment systems exhibited a seasonal variation of metal concentrations.     

1998年11月长江河口悬浮体粒度特征的空间分布

利用Cilas940L型激光粒度仪对1998年11月取自长江河口的46个悬浮体样品进行了粒度测试分析。结果表明，长江河口悬浮体粒度特征在空间上具有明显的变化。悬浮体粒度的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态和峰态等参数，以及粉砂和粘土级含最在河口区平面和垂向上的分布的变化部较为显著。悬浮体的粒度分布为非正态分布，表层悬浮体为双峰分布模式，底层悬浮体为双峰或三峰分布模式。重点探讨了长江河口悬浮体粒度变化的影响因素中的表层沉积物的再悬浮作用和悬浮细颗粒絮凝这两个主要的因素。对长江河口表层沉积物的再悬浮通量进行了估算，表明，不同区域的再悬浮作用存在较大的差异，拦门沙地区为主要的再悬浮发生区。     

沙奈奇湾汞的通量研究

用近岸沉积物捕集器测定了沙奈奇湾5站位不同深度的汞、沉积颗粒物和有机碳通量。通量值与生产力有一致的季节变化,而且比太平洋值高约1—2个数量级。与水柱中汞浓度值结合,计算出汞在沉积物-水间的分配系数(155级)和汞的停留时间(2.4年)。     

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)不同发育阶段视蛋白基因表达特征研究

视网膜视蛋白组成是动物识别光强与颜色视觉的基础,其会随着不同生长环境和发育阶段而发生变化。大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为重要的海水养殖鱼种,在发育过程中经历了从浮游生活到底栖生活的转变;生活习性的转变伴随着生存环境的变化,尤其是光照环境的变化。我们推测大菱鲆光照感知功能包括视蛋白种类及表达模式等,在不同阶段应有所不同,目前未见相关研究报道。本研究以1、4和9月龄大菱鲆为研究对象,通过qRT-PCR探查了不同阶段大菱鲆视蛋白基因表达的特征规律,通过分析三个发育阶段的视蛋白基因表达比例,推测鱼体光谱敏感性变化规律。结果表明,红视蛋白(LWS)基因表达量随鱼体发育逐渐降低,视紫红质(RH1)、紫外视蛋白(SWS1)和蓝视蛋白(SWS2)随鱼体发育表达量逐渐升高,而绿视蛋白(RH2)中高表达的RH2b1无显著变化。LWS表达比例由1月龄57.2%降至九月龄11.4%,RH2b1表达比例由1月龄29.9%升至九月龄73.3%。随着大菱鲆由早期浮游生活转入底栖生活,表达占主导地位的视蛋白,逐渐由LWS转变为RH2b1,其光谱敏感性可能由红色敏感向绿色敏感转变。大菱鲆视蛋白在不同发育阶段表达的特征变化引发的光谱敏感性变化,可认为是其对不同光环境的适应策略。     

Benthic biotope index for classifying habitats in the Sado Estuary: Portugal

An integration of sediment physical, chemical, biological, and toxicity data is necessary for a meaningful interpretation of the complex sediment conditions in the marine environment. Assessment of benthic community is a vital component for that interpretation, yet their evaluation is complex and requires a large expenditure of time and funds. Thus, there is a need for new tools that are less expensive and more understandable for managers. This paper presents a benthic biotope index to predict from physical and chemical variables the occurrence of macrobenthic habitats. Parameters such as sediment type, organic matter, depth, and hydrodynamic parameters were selected, through a discriminant analysis, to compute the index. Other authors have used multivariate methods to determine the benthic biotopes for Sado Estuary. The index proved to be a valid tool to classify and assess the spatial patterns of benthic habitat and to synthesize stress biotope gradients.