油气层开采、二氧化碳封存和其他地质封存引起的气-水-岩相互作用

1全球变暖,可持续发展和地质封存 一千年伊始,行星地球颗面临着一个悬而未决的问题即：在不远的将来,人类活动和自然环境作用之间的强烈冲突会造成什么样的后果？人们对来自对环境造成的人为威胁的预警意识越来越增强,特别是在预见未来发达国家实施的成熟的废弃物标准方案时。起源于工业革命的现代经济体制是以煤、石油等提供的大量的相对廉价的能源为基础的。     

内蒙古东南部大到暴雪过程影响系统及物理量场特征分析

利用1951—2013年63a的地面观测、MICAPS、NCEP、历史天气图等资料,将发生在内蒙古东南部的150次大到暴雪过程的700hPa影响系统分为7种类型,对其中2007—2013年的26次大到暴雪过程,分型统计了25个测站中的降大到暴雪的测站的物理量场。结果表明:散度场总体表现为低空辐合、高空辐散的特征,对应了高、低空急流的耦合作用,使得垂直速度场维持整层、长时间的强上升气流,因类型不同达到的高度有所不同;最大相对湿度分布在925~500hPa之间,水汽通量散度辐合主要表现在925~700hPa,比湿场随高度增高迅速减小,各类型925hPa最小比湿在2~2.9g·kg~(-1)、850hPa最小比湿在1.7~3.2g·kg~(-1)之间,反映了低空西南暖湿急流的作用,尤其是925hPa超低空急流对大到暴雪的贡献;75百分位的1000hPa即近地面层基本为冷平流,925hPa以上均为暖平流,具有冷垫作用,为大到暴雪的发生提供了动力触发条件。     

基于多模式集合模拟气候变化对长江流域油菜生产潜力影响研究（英文）

Rapeseed is one of the major oil crops in China and it is very sensitive to climate change.The Yangtze River Basin is the main rapeseed production area in China.Therefore,a better understanding of the impact of climate change on rapeseed production in the basin is of both scientific and practical importance to Chinese oil industry and food security.In this study,based on climate data from 5 General Circulation Models(GCMs) with 4 representative concentration pathways(RCPs) in 2011–2040(2020 s),2041–2070(2050 s) and 2071–2100(2080 s),we assessed the changes in rapeseed production potential between the baseline climatology of 1981–2010 and the future climatology of the 2020 s,2050 s,and 2080 s,respectively.The key modelling tool – the AEZ model – was updated and validated based on the observation records of 10 representative sites in the basin.Our simulations revealed that:(1) the uncertainty of the impact of climate change on rapeseed production increases with time;(2) in the middle of this century(2050 s),total rapeseed production would increase significantly;(3) the average production potential increase in the 2050 s for the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is 0.939,1.639 and 0.339 million tons respectively;(4) areas showing most significant increases in production include southern Shaanxi,central and eastern Hubei,northern Hunan,central Anhui and eastern Jiangsu.     

An isotopic biogeochemical study of the Green River oil shale

Thirty-five different samples from three different sulfur cycles were examined in this stratigraphically oriented study of the Shell 22x-l well (U.S.G.S. C177 core) in the Piceance Basin, Colorado. Carbon isotopic compositions of constituents of Green River bitumens indicate mixing of three main components: products of primary photoautotrophs and their immediate consumers (delta approximately -30% vs PDB), products of methanotrophic bacteria (delta approximately -85%), and products of unknown bacteria (delta approximately -40%). For individual compounds synthesized by primary producers, delta-values ranged from -28 to -32%. 13C contents of individual primary products (beta-carotane, steranes, acyclic isoprenoids, tricyclic triterpenoids) were not closely correlated, suggesting diverse origins for these materials. 13C contents of numerous hopanoids were inversely related to sulfur abundance, indicating that they derived both from methanotrophs and from other bacteria, with abundances of methanotrophs depressed when sulfur was plentiful in the paleoenvironment. gamma-Cerane coeluted with 3 beta(CH3),17 alpha(H),21 beta(H)-hopane, but delta-values could be determined after deconvolution. gamma-Cerane (delta approximately -25%) probably derives from a eukaryotic heterotroph grazing on primary materials, the latter compound (delta approximately -90%) must derive from methanotrophic organisms. 13C contents of n-alkanes in bitumen differed markedly from those of paraffins generated pyrolytically. Isotopic and quantitative relationships suggest that alkanes released by pyrolysis derived from a resistant biopolymer of eukaryotic origin and that this was a dominant constituent of total organic carbon.     

海洋中之雷雨

雷雨之构成,系为附近空气暂时呈不稳定性所致。其渊源有二:(一)由于近地面空气之温度,远视其在上层者为高。(二)由于寒气流与暖气流之辐合。盖雷雨之衍进也,实系变易地方性空气之不稳定状态,为较稳定均衡之步骤,而其主要关键则在暖空气之上升耳。下节且述及此步骤之纲要,惟雷雨之现象,固极复杂,而非能于此了     

Artisanal ceramic factories using wood combustion:A nanoparticles and human health study

The ceramics industry,resulting from developments of modern compounds,is a segment of great influence in worldwide sustainability.Artisanal ceramic factories based on wood combustion have significant risks for the creation and discharge of atmosphere nanoparticles(NPs)and ultra-fine particles(UFPs).At present,there is insufficient recognition on the influence of engineered-NPs on the atmosphere and health.Real improvements are indispensable to diminish contact with NPs.The present study demonstrates the main NPs and UFPS present in an area of intense artisanal wood-combustion ceramic manufacturing.Particulate matter was sampled for morphological,chemical,and geochemical studies by sophisticated electron microbeam microscopy,X-Ray Diffraction,and Raman spectroscopy.From NPs configuration(<10 nm)we identify nucleation.Several amorphous NPs(>10 nm)were produced around the studied artisanal ceramic factories.This study presents an indication of the recent information on population and work-related contact to NPs in the artisanal ceramic factories and their influence on health.     

Antimony Mineralization at the Gold Deposits of the Ob-Zaysan Folded Zone(Southern Siberia and Western Kazakhstan).

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Multi Stage Epithermal Au-Ag Mineralisation in the Kiziltepe Deposit, Western Turkey: Evidence From 3D High Resolution CT Scanning

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Geology and geochemistry of the granitic rocks and associated dykes, East Gabal Nuqra, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

A crescent-shape granitic stock and associated dykes is located to the East Gabal Nuqra at the extreme western part of Wadi Natash,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.The examined granites are classified as alkali-feldspar granites and mainly consist of quartz,potash feldspars,plagioclases,and aegirine-augite.Xenotime,zircon,apatite and allanite are accessories representing the source of Y,U,Th and REEs in these rocks.These granites are characterized by high K2O,Na2O and Zn contents and Rb/Sr ratio.Also,they are highly enriched in high field strength elements(HFSE),especially Zr(1529×10-6),Nb(100×10-6),Hf(91×10-6) and Y(624×10-6) and light rare-earth elements(LREE,141×10-6) concentrations and strongly depleted in Ca,Mg,Sr and Eu contents.These features suggest that they are similar to A-type granites(type-2).The rhyolite dykes and granites have similar geochemical characteristics whereas the chondrite-normalized REE patterns show a LREE enriched feature with strong negative Eu-anomaly,whereas the REE pattern of trachydacites show slightly fractionated pattern with no Eu-anomaly.It is suggested that the trachydacites were generated by small degree of partial-melting deep-seated basic source.Such liquid,when subjected to fractional crystallization involving separation of plagioclases as residue,generated the alkali-feldspar granites.And further fractional crystallization gave rise to the alkali rhyolites.The igneous rock suite originated from metaluminous to alkaline trachytic magma,and was developed in a within-plate tectonic environment.The extension caused by NW-SE right-lateral shear in area led to the emplacement of the alkali-feldspar granites.The later extrusion of the alkali rhyolite and trachydacite dykes was due to cauldron subsidence.