Cloning of a chub metallothionein cDNA and development of competitive RT-PCR of chub metallothionein mRNA as a potential biomarker of heavy metal exposure

Metallothionein has been assayed in a range of aquatic animal tissues as an indicator of metal exposure. We sequenced chub (Leuciscus cephalus) metallothionein cDNA which showed over 90% homology to common carp, goldfish and stone loach and 77% homology to rainbow trout sequences for metallothionein. We then used the extended primer method to develop an accurate quantitative competitive RT-PCR assay for metallothionein mRNA. RT-PCR was used to measure metallothionein mRNA in feral chub from a range of field sites, with different levels of heavy metal pollution, in the West Midlands, UK. Measurements were complemented by analysis of liver and gill metallothionein protein by capillary electrophoresis. There was no significant difference in the metallothionein protein levels between fish of different rivers and there was no evidence of elevation of mRNA at the sites of highest metal exposure. The level of metal exposure (e.g. zinc, nickel and cadmium each ranging between 15 and 28 microg/l ) at the pH (7.5-8.5) of these rivers appears insufficient to elevate hepatic or gill metallothionein in chub. A lack of elevation of hepatic metallothionein mRNA in chub exposed to zinc, copper and manganese for 24 h and 10 days in the laboratory also suggests a non-responsiveness of this species.     

云南高原湖泊的成因类型及其分布规律的初步探讨

云南高原地处祖国西南边疆,界于北纬21°09′—29°15′、东经97°39′—106°12′之间,面积394000平方公里。西部为横断山地,东部为云贵高原的主体—滇东高原。整个地势西北高、东南低,由西北向东南倾斜。高原海拔在2,000米左右。在这辽阔的高原上,分布有滇池、洱海、抚仙湖、程海、泸沽湖、杞麓湖、异龙湖、星云湖、阳宗海、大屯海、长桥海和清水海等30余个天然湖泊,像晶莹灿烂的明珠镶嵌在广大高原群山之中。这些湖泊位于各大水系及其支流的源头,分别属于金沙江水系(滇池、程海、泸沽湖、清水海)、南盘江水系(抚仙湖、杞麓湖、星云湖、阳宗海、大屯海、长桥海)、澜沧江水系(洱海)和元江水系(异龙湖),详见图     

几种无色硅藻的生理特性及其细胞微细结构的研究

海洋中绝大多数硅藻细胞都有叶绿体,且能利用各种无机盐进行光合作用,称为光合硅藻。但也有不少硅藻尚能利用各种有机物质进行异养生活,据报道约50种左右。其中少数几种完全缺少光合色素,不能进行光合作用,只能利用有机碳或有机氮进行专性异养生活。它们主要生活于沿岸潮间带,特别附生于各种多细胞海藻体上。这类单细胞硅藻,种类不多,但为世界广分布的种类。到目前为止,对无色硅藻的研究报道还很少。本文第一作者在分离培养一种无色硅藻Nitzschia alba Lewin and Lewin作     

Study of Adsorption Isotherm Curves of Amino Acids on the Kaolinite

This paper studies the adsorption isotherm curves of four amino acids (glyucine,aspartic acid,glutamic acid and lysine)and the effects of existences of different concentrations of Cu(Ⅱ) on them.Both the adsorption isotherm of the amino acids on the kaolinite and that when the copper ion Cu(Ⅱ） exists belong to the Langmuir type.The slopes of these adsorption isotherm increase with the increasing concentrations of Cu(Ⅱ） added.It can be explained in terms of formation of the type(Ⅰ） ternary surface complexes in these systems.The regular pattern of the effects of copper ion Cu(Ⅱ) on the adsorption isotherm of amino acids on the kaolinite is identical with that of its effects on the exchange and adsorption percentage E(%)-pH on the kaolinite in the same system.     

全球范围内天然气水合物构造背景及其稳定域研究综述

天然气水合物是人类21世纪的重要能源。目前。全球范围内共有80余处获取水合物样品。识别水合物地震标志—似海底反射(BSR)的地区更为广泛。大量的钻孔资料和地震剖面显示：主动大陆边缘的增生楔和被动大陆边缘的断裂褶皱系、泥火山、泥底辟等构造为水合物聚集成藏的有利构造环境。世界范围内不同水合物产区的温压场及稳定域特征。差别较为明显。各水合物产区的构造背景与水合物发育区的温压场环境以及稳定域的展布规律存在明显的相关关系。本文分别讨论了主动大陆边缘的增生楔(以卡斯凯迪亚为例)和被动大陆边缘的泥火山(以Hakon Mosby泥火山为例)的温压场特征、水合物聚集规律和各自的成藏模式。在此基础上。作者还进一步讨论了南海坳隆断裂带与水合物之间的关系。认为坳隆断裂带分别在气源、疏导体系(断层、砂体)和温压场环境等三方面为水合物形成提供了有利条件。     

世界海洋鲸目动物资源现状

鲸目动物传统上大体分为两类:第一类包括鲸须鲸(小露脊鲸除外)和抹香鲸;第二类包括小齿鲸和海豚。鲸目动物分布于世界各个大洋,从北极到南极的海洋都有。有些品种是全球性的,其中包括较大的第一类鲸和商业上重要的品种——蓝鲤鲸、驼背鲸、长须鲸、鳁鲸、小鳁鲸、抹香鲸和虎鲸。海洋哺乳动物资源最容易捕捞过度,因为