含煤层地质环境下地震波场的数值模拟

本文对含低速煤层地质环境下弹性波场多波多分量地震资料进行了二维数值模拟研究,对人工边界反射进行了有效处理,频散效应得到了有效的压制,对几种不同激发与观测排列方式下的弹性波资料进行了模型计算与分析。     

Interstellar water in meteorites?

D/H ratios of two meteorites (Renazzo CR and Semarkona LL3), which are known to exhibit the largest departures from the terrestrial hydrogen isotopic ratios, have been determined with the CRPG Nancy ion microprobe. Correlations between the D/H ratios and the chemical compositions (H2O, K, Si, C/H) of plausible hydrogen carriers were observed. From these correlations, it is possible to show that, contrary to previous interpretations, phyllosilicates are the carriers of the deuterium-rich hydrogen in Semarkona and Renazzo: 870 x 10(-6) > or = D/H > or = 670 x 10(-6) (+4600 > or = deltaD > or = 3300%) and > or = 320 x 10(-6) (deltaD > or = 1050%), respectively. Hydrogen is also present in the chondrules of these two deuterium-rich meteorites. The large differences in D/H ratios between matrix (up to 700 x 10(-6), deltaD up to +3500%) and chondrules (from 120 x 10(-6) (deltaD = -230%) to 230 x 10(-6) (deltaD = +475%)) show that hydrogen in chondrules cannot originate from the matrix by simple contamination or diffusion processes. The high D/H ratios measured in water-bearing minerals could not have been produced thermally within a dense solar nebula. Chemical reactions (i.e., involving ions or radicals), taking place in interstellar space or in the outer regions of the nebula at 110-140K are presently the only conceivable mechanisms capable of yielding such isotopic enrichments. Water in these meteorites should no longer be considered as a simple product of nebular condensation under equilibrium thermodynamic conditions at T > or = 160K.     

Thinking of England and taking care: family building strategies and infant mortality in England and Wales, 1891-1911

"Debates concerning the origins and development of the late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century declines in marital fertility and infant mortality in England and Wales have been centred largely on the material provided by answers to the ?special' questions in the 1911 census. In their published form these figures have restricted researchers to an examination of large scale geographic and social class differences in the levels and rates of decline of the two phenomena. This paper outlines research conducted on a sample of individual census returns from the 1911 census. From this data it becomes clear that for Victorian and Edwardian England ?where one lived' was rather more important than ?who one was' in determining both family building strategies and the survival of those children born."     

光变幅度不大于0~m.5类星体的视星等——红移关系

一、引言在类星体的研究中,对红移性质的认识,一直是关键问题之一。红移是宇宙学的?还是内禀的?还是二者都有?有待于人们通过更多的天文观测与理论分析加以确定。如果红移是宇宙学的,则视星等——红移关系,就应该符合哈勃图。但将所有类星体作哈勃图,会出现严重的弥散现象。为了揭示类星体红移的本质,对类星体进行标准烛光     

强雷暴环境的中尺度模拟

1.引言本文评述了当前有限区域中尺度模式提供中纬度强雷暴环境的准确预报以及风暴对环境可能的反馈作用的能力.这里的"中尺度模式"指的是用水平格距Δx=10～100公里作为在静力学原始方程中的有限差分近似.对平流波来说,要有满意的截断误差至少需4—6个格点(Pielke,1981),而要准确地计算非线性波的相互作用,则需近10个格点(Gerrity,1972).因此,这些模式适合模拟的天气现象尺度为Orlanski(1975)定义的中β尺度(25—250公里)上部到中α尺度     

土钉墙技术在长春市北方大厦基坑工程中的应用实践

结俣长春市北方大厦基坑支护工程实际，着重介绍了土钉墙支护方案的设计，施工及应用情况，为土钉墙支护技术在长春市深基开挖工程中的推广应用积累了经验。     

吉林省城市体感气候特征的对比分析

本文利用1990～1999年10年的旬平均气温、旬极端气温及风速、相对湿度和云量等资料 ,计算了吉林省七个主要城市的旬平均体感温度、极端体感温度和对应的人体舒适度 ,并根据计算结果对吉林省城市体感的气候特征进行了初步的对比分析。     

红外光谱定量比较分析法及其应用

利用红外光谱定量比较分析的原理，从定向及微区的角度研究晶化固态物质的成分、结构等，有效地解决矿物、岩石、矿床乃至构造研究中的诸多问题。     

北冰洋考察区海-气CO2的分布特征和通量研究

利用中国首次北极科学考察中走航观测所获得的北冰洋考察区海-气CO₂分压及相关资料, 分析研究了考察区夏季大气和表层海水中CO₂分压的分布特征, 首次用实测的海-气CO₂资料于多种方法估算了考察区夏季海-气CO₂的通量. 结果表明考察区夏季大气中CO₂分压(Pa)的测值范围在(352~370)×10-6 CO₂·Air-1(单位下同)之间, 平均为358, 平面上具有波因特来的北部海域较高, 其余海域分布较均匀的分布特征; 夏季表层海水中CO₂分压(Pw)测值在98~580之间, 极值之差竟达472, 平均值为242, 比相应的分压(Pa)低116, 呈现西低东高、北低南高的平面分布特征, 并与研究区浮游生物、冰况、水温和环流状况有密切关系. 估算结果表明, 各种计算方法所估算出的碳通量F的平面分布趋势相似, 除考察区东部海域为大气CO₂的弱源区外, 大部分海域都为大气CO2的汇区或强汇区, 但它们的值却有较大差异, 平均值在6.57(Liss法)至26.32 mg CO₂·m^-2·h^-1(¹⁴C法)之间, 最大与最小值之间相差约4倍, 大约分别是全球平均值的2~10倍; 若以Wannikhof系数估算, 本海域的平均碳通量则是Takahashi, Feely等人在本海域模拟估算值的2倍左右.