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211.
Dmitry L. Lakshtanov Carine B. Vanpeteghem Jennifer M. Jackson Jay D. Bass Guoyin Shen Vitali B. Prakapenka Konstantin Litasov Eiji Ohtani 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(7):466-470
We have determined the P-V equation of state of Al-rich H-bearing SiO2 stishovite by X-ray powder diffraction at pressures up to 58 GPa using synchrotron radiation. The sample contained 1.8 wt%
Al2O3 and up to 500 ppm H2O, and had a composition that would coexist with Mg-silicate perovskite in a subducted slab. By fitting a third-order Birch-Murnaghan
equation of state to our compression data, we obtained a bulk modulus K
T0=298(7) GPa with K′=4.3(5). With K′ fixed to a value of 4, the bulk modulus K
T0=304(3) GPa. Our results indicate that Al3+ and H+ have a small effect on the elastic properties of stishovite. Compared with data obtained up to 43.8 GPa, peak intensities
changed and we observed a decreased quality of fit to a tetragonal unit cell at pressures of 49 GPa and higher. These changes
may be an indication that the rutile↔CaCl2 transition occurs between these pressures. After laser annealing of the sample at 58.3(10) GPa and subsequent decompression
to room conditions, the cell volume is the same as before compression, giving strong evidence that the composition of the
recovered sample is also unchanged. This suggests that Al and H are retained in the sample under extreme P-T conditions and
that stishovite can be an agent for transporting water to the deepest lower mantle. 相似文献
212.
Mathematical Geosciences - This paper introduces a novel method using an adaptive functional basis for reduced order models based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The method is intended to... 相似文献
213.
Sedimentary complexes of ancient gulfs provide valuable information about paleoenvironmental dynamics. The study of several Pliocene–Pleistocene sections allowed reconstruction of the regional stratigraphical framework in the southwestern fringes of the Nile Delta. The Kafr El-Shiekh, the Gar El-Muluk, and the Kom El-Shelul formations of the Zanclean Age and the Wastani Formation of the Piacenzian Age constitute the Pliocene sedimentary succession in the study area. The establishment of 11 facies types related to 5 facies associations coupled with the results of the stratigraphical study indicate the existence of a paleogulf corresponding to the modern delta and lower valley of the Nile. This Nile Paleogulf appeared and reached its maximum spatial extent in the beginning of the Pliocene. Then, it retreated gradually and disappeared before the end of this epoch when alluvial sedimentation reestablished. There was significant flux of siliciclastic material to the study area. The Zanclean Flood in the Mediterranean Sea allowed marine incursion in the study area where the river valley incised during the precedent Messinian Salinity Crisis. Regional tectonic uplift and filling of the accommodation space with siliciclastic material from the eroded land were the main controls on the paleogulf evolution. Strengthened glaciation triggered global sea level fall, and alluvial deposition dominated the study area in the late Pliocene–Pleistocene. 相似文献
214.
215.
Baotite occurs as a late phase in the Kval?ya lamproite dyke and in the fenitized granite adjacent to the dyke, suggesting that baotite formed during reactions between rock and fluids derived from a volatile-rich lamproitic magma. Most of the analyzed grains of baotite from the Kval?ya lamproite show compositions close to the ideal Nb-free end-member Ba4Ti8Si4O28Cl. Compilation of all published baotite analyses suggests that the major compositional variations of baotite occur between the Nb-free end member Ba4Ti8Si4O28Cl, and a Nb-rich end member Ba4Ti2Fe2+ 2Nb4Si4O28Cl. However, a Pb-bearing baotite, showing significant concentrations of Ca, Sr, Pb and K, and approximately 3 Ba p.f.u., was also identified from the Kval?ya lamproite. Euhedral fluorapatite formed as an early phase during crystallization of the lamproite magma, while anhedral REE-rich fluorapatite overgrowths on the euhedral grains formed during reactions with the late magmatic fluid. Fluorapatite contains up to 1.2?F p.f.u., but only traces of Cl. Other F-rich, but Cl-poor minerals of the lamproite include fluoro-potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite, fluoro-phlogopite, and yangzhumingite. The presence of baotite together with a range of high-F, but low-Cl mineral phases suggests that the minerals formed in equilibrium with a high-F, Cl-bearing hydrous fluid. The high Cl-content of baotite demonstrates that Cl is strongly partitioned into this mineral in the presence of a Cl-bearing F-rich hydrous fluid. We suggest that a combination of high aSi, aTi, aBa, and fO2, but low aCa of the fluid enabled baotite formation. 相似文献
216.
Nadezhda Alexandrovna Krivolutskaya Alexandr Vladimirovich Sobolev Sergey Grigor’evich Snisar Bronislav Iosiphovich Gongalskiy Dmitry Vladimirovich Kuzmin Folkmar Hauff Irina Nikolaevna Tushentsova Natalya Mikhailovna Svirskaya Natalya Nikolaevna Kononkova Tatyana B. Schlychkova 《Mineralium Deposita》2012,47(1-2):69-88
We report new data on the stratigraphy, mineralogy and geochemistry of the rocks and ores of the Maslovsky Pt–Cu–Ni sulfide deposit which is thought to be the southwestern extension of the Noril’sk 1 intrusion. Variations in the Ta/Nb ratio of the gabbro-dolerites hosting the sulfide mineralization and the compositions of their pyroxene and olivine indicate that these rocks were produced by two discrete magmatic pulses, which gave rise to the Northern and Southern Maslovsky intrusions that together host the Maslovsky deposit. The Northern intrusion is located inside the Tungusska sandstones and basalt of the Ivakinsky Formation. The Southern intrusion cuts through all of the lower units of the Siberian Trap tuff-lavas, including the Lower Nadezhdinsky Formation; demonstrating that the ore-bearing intrusions of the Noril’sk Complex post-date that unit. Rocks in both intrusions have low TiO2 and elevated MgO contents (average mean TiO2 <1 and MgO?=?12?wt.%) that are more primitive than the lavas of the Upper Formations of the Siberian Traps which suggests that the ore-bearing intrusions result from a separate magmatic event. Unusually high concentrations of both HREE (Dy+Yb+Er+Lu) and Y (up to 1.2 and 2.1?ppm, respectively) occur in olivines (Fo79.5 and 0.25% NiO) from picritic and taxitic gabbro-dolerites with disseminated sulfide mineralization. Thus accumulation of HREE, Y and Ni in the melts is correlated with the mineral potential of the intrusions. The TiO2 concentration in pyroxene has a strong negative correlation with the Mg# of both host mineral and Mg# of host rock. Sulfides from the Northern Maslovsky intrusion are predominantly chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite–pentlandite with subordinate and minor amounts of cubanite, bornite and millerite and a diverse assemblage of rare precious metal minerals including native metals (Au, Ag and Pd), Sn–Pd–Pt–Bi–Pb compounds and Fe–Pt alloys. Sulfides from the Southern Maslovsky intrusion have δ 34S?=?5–6‰ up to 10.8‰ in two samples whereas the country rock basalt have δ 34S?=?3–4‰, implying there was no in situ assimilation of surrounding rocks by magmas. 相似文献
217.
The term “lithodeme” was proposed 30 years ago for the purpose of crystalline rock stratigraphy. However, there are inconsistencies in its understanding. For example, it is unclear whether it is suitable to apply this term to layered intrusions or not: different specialists/organizations offer different approaches. A bibliographical survey of the geological literature published after 2000 demonstrates that the term “lithodeme” is used too rarely, although its use for magmatic and metamorphic rocks is well balanced. In addition 65% of all papers considering lithodemes deal with North and South America. Moreover, some specialists employ genesis and age when they delineate lithodemes, whereas other do not. If modern geology really still needs the lithodemic approach, researchers should work towards reaching consensus on what the term “lithodeme” means, and they should also devote effort to promote this approach internationally. 相似文献
218.
Dmitry Kolyukhin Sylvie Schueller Magne S. Espedal Haakon Fossen 《Computational Geosciences》2010,14(2):231-248
Fault damage zones in highly porous reservoirs are dominated by deformation bands that generally have permeability-reducing
properties. Due to an absence of sufficiently detailed measurements and the irregular distribution of deformation bands, a
statistical approach is applied to study their influence on flow. A stochastic model of their distribution is constructed,
and band density, distribution, orientation, and flow properties are chosen based on available field observations. The sensitivity
of these different parameters on the upscaled flow is analyzed. The influence of a heterogeneous permeability distribution
was also studied by assuming the presence of high permeability holes within bands. The fragmentation and position of these
holes affect significantly the block-effective permeability. Results of local upscaling with a diagonal and full upscaled
permeability tensor are compared, and qualitatively similar results for the flow characteristics are obtained. Further, the
procedure of iterative local–global upscaling is applied to the problem. 相似文献
219.
Robert S. Weigel Mikhail Zhizhin Dmitry Mishin Dmitry Kokovin Eric Kihn Jeremy Faden 《Earth Science Informatics》2010,3(1-2):19-28
The recent Heliophysics Virtual Observatory (VxO) effort involves the development of separate observatories with a low overlap in physical domain or area of scientific specialization and a high degree of overlap in metadata management needs. VxOware is a content and metadata management system. While it is intended for use by a VxO specifically, it can also be used by any entity that manages structured metadata. VxOware has many features of a content management system and extensively uses the W3C recommendations for XML (Extensible Markup Language), XQuery (XML Query), and XSLT (Extensible Style Sheet Language Transformations). VxOware has features such as system and user administration, search, user-editable content, version tracking, and a wiki. Besides virtual observatories, the intended user-base of VxOware includes a group or an instrument team that has developed a directory structure of data files and would like to make this data, and its associated metadata, available in the virtual observatory network. One of the most powerful features of VxOware is the ability to link any type of object in the observatory to other objects and the ability for every object to be tagged. 相似文献